Wireless temperature sensor network

Sensor networks are being widely deployed for measurement, detection and surveillance applications. Today, humidity becomes very important in many aspects especially in manufacturing industry. Therefore, the use of tools or systems that can monitor the humidity level is very significant. Sensor networks can be used to identify larger trends in temperature which could be used to report energy usage, HVAC problems, computer failures based on high temperatures and fire evacuation route reporting. This project presents a design of Wireless Temperature Sensor Network that capable to monitor the humidity level. This Wireless Temperature Sensor Network comprises of two parts; temperature detection and monitoring. The detection section will sense the temperature and transmit the signal to the monitoring section. All the sensors are connected mote to mote to ensure that each mote can communicate and exchange the data with each other. The collection of temperature data would be obtained by a sensor network. The data was collected using a temperature sensor network connected to a stand-alone computer. This approach can makes the monitoring process becomes more efficient and cost effective. The data (temperature level) will be display by using GUI. In the case of mote to mote system, the GUI capable to display the overall level of temperature

Matrimonial property division through philanthropic settlement / Noorul Huda Binti Sahari …[et al.]

This study aims to examine the practice of sulh (mutual agreement) in dividing matrimonial asset after divorce, upon the death of a spouse and polygamous marriage. The study adopted qualitative method where analysis is conducted on a purposive sampling of unreported cases collected within the period of 2000- 2012. The samples are collected from six zones representing Shariah Courts in Malaysia. Analysis on the sampling is made based on several variables such as the types of matrimonial property, factors for consideration and proportion of distribution of the assets. This study discovers that philanthropic element of kindness, gift and generosity has been implemented in the majority of cases involving claims of a matrimonial property when they are practically settled by way of sulh (amicable settlement). In determining the division through sulh, the parties is in fact more generous when dealing with the interest of children to the level that the husband is willing to transfer the whole interest in the asset to the existing wife who is rarely achieved in other litigation processes. The parties also voluntarily waive each party right by granting the matrimonial asset as a gift to the children. This study suggests that the mutual consent on proportion of asset by way of sulh to be widely practised when dealing with the division of matrimonial assets to promote harmonious settlement and to prevent a costly and lengthy litigation process. This study suggests for specific governing mechanism in ensuring the establishment of justice among the disputing parties

Heterologous expression of recombinant scygonadin antimicrobial peptide from mud crab Scylla serrata

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the most common immune effectors in invertebrates that functions as the first line of defence against microbial infection. Scygonadin is an AMP which can be found in the seminal plasma of Scylla serrata. Preceding studies had shown that scygonadin have the ability to exhibit wide antimicrobial activities. Nonetheless, analysis of the antimicrobial properties of scygonadin is significantly dependent on acquiring sufficient amounts of the protein from mud crab, and this was proven difficult. Further functional studies of scygonadin and its commercial applications require a development of efficient, sustainable and cost-effective heterologous protein production. To address this issue, an expression plasmid containing 387 bp of scygonadin gene of Scylla serrata was cloned into pBAD/Myc-His A, expressed in TOP10 cells with L-arabinose as expression inducer, followed by protein purification by using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The optimal expression condition was determined by incubation with 0.02% of L-arabinose for 4 hours at 37°C. A total of 2 mg/ml of purified scygonadin with the molecular weight of ~17kDa was succesfully obtained. The results demonstrated that the recombinant scygonadin was successfully produced in heterologous expression system which may allow production of scygonadin in large quantities for further research and commercial application

Experimental Performance Analysis Of Macrobending Loss Characteristics In Polymer Optical Fiber

An investigation of bending loss characteristics of a Polymer Optical Fiber is presented experimentally. Loss of optical power in an optical fiber due to bending has been investigated for a wavelength of 650 nm. Variations of bending loss with different lengths have been measured, with a number of radii of curvature. Bending Loss equations for short length POF is proposed, which shows the dependence of bending loss on the curvature radii. The equations can be an initial reference or aid in predicting the loss contributes by the polymer optical fiber

Comparative Study Of Solution Concentration Variations For Polymer Optical Fibers Sensor

In this paper, we report a comparative study of fiber optic sensors for the application of aqueous solutions concentration monitoring. A simple, economical, and efficient set-up for liquid concentration measurement system was developed using polymer optical fibers (POFs). Cornstarch, sucrose, and salt solutions with different concentrations were tested, and the output power and the refractive index obtained were compared. The sensitivity of the sensor is found ranging from 0.938 μW/ RIU to 96.9 μW/RIU in term of refractive index change and 0.04298 μW/molL-1 to 0.097 μW/molL-1 in terms of concentration. It has been found that the concentration is proportionally related to its refractive index where high refractive index will experience greater loss since the light rays tend to be refracted out of the fiber instead of being internally reflected. The experimental results also show that as the solution’s concentration increases, the output power decreases

The Potential Of Silicon Photonic Device Based On Tapered MMI Structure

Tapered multimode interference (MMI) structure has recently been utilized on multiple fabrications of the silicon photonics device. This type of structure has the potential for the production of small device for various applications. Various designs have been made in order to produce a compact design of MMI. This paper will discuss recent research on the different tapered MMI structure and its performances when simulating different structures (linear, parabolic, exponential and etc.). The use of tapered structure device allows wider waveguides separation, as compared to a straight MMI device

Matrimonial property division through philanthropic settlement / Noorul Huda Sahari ... [et al.]

This study aims to examine the practice of sulh (mutual agreement) in dividing matrimonial asset after divorce, upon the death of a spouse and polygamous marriage. The study adopted qualitative method where analysis is conducted on a purposive sampling of unreported cases collected within the period of 2000-2012. The samples are collected from six zones representing Shariah Courts in Malaysia. Analysis on the sampling is made based on several variables such as the types of matrimonial property, factors for consideration and proportion of distribution of the assets. This study discovers that philanthropic element of kindness, gift and generosity has been implemented in the majority of cases involving claims of a matrimonial property when they are practically settled by way of sulh (amicable settlement). In determining the division through sulh, the parties is in fact more generous when dealing with the interest of children to the level that the husband is willing to transfer the whole interest in the asset to the existing wife who is rarely achieved in other litigation processes. The parties also voluntarily waive each party right by granting the matrimonial asset as a gift to the children. This study suggests that the mutual consent on proportion of asset by way of sulh to be widely practised when dealing with the division of matrimonial assets to promote harmonious settlement and to prevent a costly and lengthy litigation process. This study suggests for specific governing mechanism in ensuring the establishment of justice among the disputing parties

Comparative High-K Material Gate Spacer Impact In DG-FinFET Parameter Variations Between Two Structures

This paper investigates the impact of the high-K material gate spacer on short channel effects (SCEs) for the 16 nm double-gate FinFET (DG-FinFET), where depletion-layer widths of the source-drain corresponds to the channel length. Virtual fabrication process along with design modification throughout the study and its electrical characterization is implemented and significant improvement is shown towards the altered structure design whereby in terms of the ratio of drive current against the leakage current (ION/IOFF ratio), all three materials tested being S3N4, HfO2 and TiO2 increases from the respective 60.90, 80.70 and 84.77 to 84.77, 91.54 and 92.69. That being said, the incremental in ratio has satisfied the incremental on the drive current as well as decreases the leakage current. Threshold voltage (VTH) for all dielectric materials have also satisfy the minimum requirement predicted by the International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor (ITRS) 2013 for which is at 0.461±12.7% V. Based on the results obtained, the high-K materials have shown a significant improvement, specifically after the modifications towards the Source/Drain. Compared to the initial design made, TiO2 has improved by 12.94% after the alteration made in terms of the overall ION and IOFF performances through the ION/IOFF ratio value obtained, as well as meeting the required value for VTH obtained at 0.464V. The ION from high-K materials has proved to meet the minimum requirement by ITRS 2013 for low performance Multi-Gate technology. © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Analysis Of Gallium Nitride-Based Optical Microring Resonator With Doped Polymer Grafting Material

In this paper, the Gallium nitride-based optical microring resonator (OMR) filter with polymer grafting material (PMMA) coating was designed and optimized to predict its potential as a wavelength filtering device. The optimization was focused on the design parameters such as polymer thickness, gap separation variation, and the bus and ring waveguide widths. The target is to achieve the best output in terms of insertion loss (IL) and Extinction Ratio for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) applications, specifically for the use of the C-Band network. Upon completion, it was found that the optimized design was a ring radius of 10 μm and PMMA thickness of 0.055 μm, with the bus waveguide width of 800 nm and the output bus waveguide of 800 nm giving the observed IL of 0.07 dB and 87.3% extinction rate

Semirefined Carrageenan (SRC) Film Incorporated with α-Tocopherol and Persicaria minor for Meat Patties Application

Semirefined carrageenan (SRC) plasticized with glycerol (G) and incorporated with antioxidants of 0.4% (v/v) of α-tocopherol and Persicaria minor (PM) extract was successfully developed. The objective of this study is to analyze the antioxidant effect of active packaging films from semirefined carrageenan incorporated with α-tocopherol and Persicaria minor on meat patties. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol and PM extract were measured. The effects of α-tocopherol and PM extract incorporated with SRC-based films on meat patties were evaluated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, metmyoglobin assay, and pH value for 14 days of storage. The films with 0.4% (v/v) of α-tocopherol and PM extract exhibited lower lipid oxidation in meat patties compared to the control (SRC film only, p < 0.05). Also, brown color development of the meat patties of less than 50% was observed at the end of the 14-day storage. Meanwhile, the pH values for all samples decreased throughout the storage period with the SRC+G+α-tocopherol film showed the highest pH value. Hence, the formulation of SRC film with α-tocopherol or PM extract could be used as an alternative packaging for extending the shelf life of food product with high fat conten