The Privacy and Security of An Identification Card: Malaysian Perspective

Identification cards have long been associated with national security. In some countries, citizens are required to have a national identification card while others offer a voluntary one. Identification cards are being used in many countries around the world including most European countries, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Since new developments have emerged in the collection, analysis and dissemination of information about individuals, this article will elaborate on the collection, storage and disclosure of personal data in the form of identification cards while focusing on the new ‘smart card’ electronic identification methods with automated individual identification, biometrics technology and encryption controls. Several surrounding issues of privacy and security with regards to identification cards will also be clarified

Pendekatan Mahkamah Untuk Menjatuhkan Hukuman Terhadap Kesalahan Zina, Serta Implikasinya Kepada Wanita Dan Kanak-Kanak: Kajian Kes Di Sudan

Makalah ini membincangkan kes mahkamah bagi kesalahan zina dan rogol yang berlaku di Sudan. Kaedah pembuktian bagi kesalahan zina yang dibuat menerusi bukti kehamilan seseorang wanita tanpa disokong oleh bukti lain telah meletakkan wanita dalam situasi yang boleh dianggap sebagai kurang adil kerana dianggap melakukan zina, walhal berkemungkinan dirogol. Pengkategorian kesalahan rogol sebagai salah satu bentuk kesalahan zina dan pendekatan mahkamah yang menggunakan kaedah pembuktian yang sama, iaitu mengemukakan empat orang saksi menyebabkan perogol terlepas daripada hukuman. Cadangan agar jenayah rogol dikategorikan sebagai salah satu kesalahan takzir dan menghadirkan empat orang saksi diubah kepada menerima pakai kaedah pembuktian ujian DNA, keterangan mangsa dan laporan perubatan agar perogol menerima hukuman berat yang setimpal dengan kekejaman terhadap mangsa bagi menyelesaikan kes rogol di Sudan

Should a child be allowed to give evidence? The position of child evidence under civil and Islamic laws in Malaysia

Currently, more children fall victim to crime and go to court to give evidence. The key issues include the acceptability of children as witnesses, the weight to be given to their evidence and whether or not there should be special procedures to ease the stress of giving evidence in court. The main objective of this article is to discuss the position of child evidence under civil and Islamic laws in Malaysia. This article will focus on the provisions of laws relating to evidence given by a child witness and the procedures applicable in Malaysia. This study will ascertain whether or not the current laws are adequate to protect the rights of child as witness in trial based on analysis and evaluation to every aspect which is relevant to this topic. The issue of whether or not a child should be allowed to give evidence in court will also be clarified

Should a child be allowed to give evidence? The position of child evidence under civil and Islamic laws in Malaysia

Currently, more children fall victim to crime and go to court to give evidence. The key issues include the acceptability of children as witnesses, the weight to be given to their evidence and whether or not there should be special procedures to ease the stress of giving evidence in court. The main objective of this article is to discuss the position of child evidence under civil and Islamic laws in Malaysia. This article will focus on the provisions of laws relating to evidence given by a child witness and the procedures applicable in Malaysia. This study will ascertain whether or not the current laws are adequate to protect the rights of child as witness in trial based on analysis and evaluation to every aspect which is relevant to this topic. The issue of whether or not a child should be allowed to give evidence in court will also be clarified

The Islamization Process in the Context of Malaysian Legal Education : A Critical Reflection

The term Islamization has been differently interpreted by Muslim scholars around the world since long time ago. Since the Islamization policy has been launched only in 1980s, it does not feature prominently in most Malaysian law schools. Their main mission apart from the basic philosophy of their parent institutions is basically to train graduates for the government’s legal services and legal professions. As far as Malaysian education is concerned, the Islamization process of the legal education system has to be carried out within the spirit of the existing constitutional framework. It needs to be translated into laws in the form of legislations so that it will become a concrete measure. Fundamentally, it is an attempt to bring about changes through peaceful means as opposed to revolutionary way of change. The society has been talking about Islamizing the law and making the law rooted in the indigenous tradition and culture. Indirectly, legal education has a role to play in this respect as it is a part and parcel of the educational system which produces graduates who will be responsible for the administration of justice. Hence, the main objective of this article is to propose several ways in transforming the existing Malaysian legal education to be closer or compatible with the spirit of Islamic principles

Gerakan antivaksin dan keperluan penyelesaian menurut perspektif undang-undang di Malaysia : suatu analisis

Kerajaan Malaysia telah menetapkan bahawa perkhidmatan vaksinasi yang diberikannya sejak awal tahun 1950-an adalah percuma dan bertujuan melindungi golongan kanak-kanak. Walau bagaimanapun, tanggungjawab untuk memberikan imunisasi lengkap kepada anak-anak masih merupakan suatu pilihan yang diberi kepada ibu bapa atau penjaga dan tidak bersifat mandatori. Tambahan pula sejak kebelakangan ini, kemunculan gerakan yang bersifat antivaksin dilihat semakin berani menyebarkan fahaman salah mengenai keperluan vaksinasi kepada masyarakat terutamanya golongan ibu bapa. Justeru, penulisan ini bermatlamat menganalisis isu-isu perundangan yang timbul dalam konteks pemberian vaksin kepada kanak-kanak dan kewujudan gerakan antivaksin di Malaysia. Perkara-perkara penting yang dikupas dalam penulisan ini ialah keperluan pemberian vaksin kepada kanak-kanak, kewujudan gerakan antivaksin dan langkah-langkah kawalan terhadap penyebaran maklumat salah di Malaysia. Reka bentuk kajian perundangan tulen yang bersifa tkualitatif diaplikasikan dalam penulisan ini. Sumber data yang dikumpulkan adalah terdiri daripada sumber primer iaitu peruntukan statut dan kes-kes mahkamah di samping sumber sekunder seperti buku teks dan jurnal. Data-data terkumpul seterusnya dianalisis dengan mengaplikasikan kaedah analisis kandungan dan kaedah analisis kritikal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kajian khusus mengenai gerakan antivaksin dan langkah pengawalannya dalam konteks undang-undang di Malaysia amat kurang dijalankan sebelum ini. Maka, penulis mencadangkan agar kajian terperinci dijalankan dengan memfokuskan penyelesaian terhadap isu-isu perundangan yang timbul akibat daripada kewujudan gerakan antivaksin menurut perspektif undang-undang di Malaysia. Penulis menjangkakan bahawa kajian perundangan yang dijalankan berdasarkan cadangan tersebut akan dapat memberikan sumbangan ilmu pengetahuan yang baharu dan penting terutamanya berkaitan aspek kawalan undang-undang terhadap kewujudan gerakan antivaksin

Exploring the Relationship between Consumer Protection and Product Liability : Civil and Islamic Perspectives

Consumer protection is an aspect which aims to ensure that consumers are always given adequate protection from a legal perspective and also to increase the level of consumers' trust in the quality of goods and services, which will, in turn, contribute to the economic growth of a nation. However, today, issues surrounding product liability cases are no longer uncommon, where consumers or third parties face the risk of suffering injury or property damage due to the existence of defects in a particular product. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between consumer protection and product liability from both civil and Islamic perspectives. The type of research being carried out is doctrinal legal research. The data sources, including case law and statutory provision, are analyzed using content and critical analysis methods. The results show that according to civil and Islamic perspectives, consumer protection in the context of product liability plays a crucial role in conferring legal protection to consumers who are adversely affected by the use of particular products that pose a risk to health and safety. Further, the authors expect that the results of this study shall contribute new and significant knowledge by proving that the aspect of consumer protection is not only related to product liability issues from a civil perspective, but it is also can be evaluated from the Islamic perspective, which the earlier researchers have rarely discussed

A Review Of Legal Problems In Malaysian Strict Product Liability Law – Maqasid Syariah As A Way Forward

Consumers who suffer from injury or property damage due to the existence of a defect in a given product is entitled to bring a legal action in court based on product liability law provisions in Malaysia. This study aims to analyse the legal problems of strict civil liability in product liability law in Malaysia based on the Consumer Protection Act 1999 (Act 599) (hereinafter “CPA 1999”). By applying a doctrinal approach based on qualitative methodology of legal research, this study involved a thorough analysis of the CPA 1999 as well as previous court cases. The findings of this study were analysed using content analysis and critical analysis methods in order to record the similarities and differences which exist, as well as to draw conclusions on the meaning and application of the said law. The findings prove that there are several weaknesses in the existing strict civil product liability provisions in Malaysia, which are still unresolved in terms of the meaning of product defect and proof of causation. This paper recommends that any improvements on the legal provisions for strict civil liability under product liability law in Malaysia to be evaluated from a different perspective based on Islamic principles of product liability and the theory of Maqasid Syariah, which has rarely been analysed

Determinants of Islamic Bank Financing in Malaysia: An Empirical Study Using Linear and Nonlinear ARDL Model

This paper examines the dynamics relationship between the Islamic bank financing and selected macroeconomic variables in Malaysia using monthly data covering the period of January 2007 to June 2016. Utilizing both linear and non-linear ARDL method, the results show that there is no long-run relationship among the variables. The results also indicate that there is no presence of both long-run and short-run asymmetric effects from industrial production index and rate of financing towards Islamic bank financing. In addition, Granger-causality test also shows no causality running from these factors to Islamic bank financing. Therefore, we conclude that to some extent the Islamic bank financing is stable and resilient. Muslims customers continue to support the Islamic banking and are not profit-motivated by the substitution effect as Malaysia has dual banking system. The banking system which based on profit sharing is able to cushion the Islamic financial system from interest rate and economics fluctuation thus reducing the risk of financial volatility

Investigating the effect of taper length on sensitivity of the tapered-fiber based temperature sensor

A temperature sensor using single-mode tapered fiber is presented. To better understand the behaviour of a tapered optical fiber, transmission experiments with different taper profiles, specifically waist length were performed. The effects of taper profiles on the sensitivity of the sensor were also investigated. It is demonstrated that careful selection of the taper profile can increase the sensitivity of the sensor. In our experiment, a good temperature sensing result was achieved using the optimum parameter. The best sensitivity achieved was 45.5 pm/°C that measured the range of temperature from 30°C to 120°C. The fabricated sensors are easy to fabricate and relatively low cost. Our results indicate that the tapered fiber based temperature sensor has high sensitivity and good repeatability