Association of serum vitamin D level with age in individuals with normal renal function.

There is no sufficient data on the relation between vitamin D status and age in subjects with normal renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations with age of Iranian healthy individuals. The data were collected from 259 ambulant healthy medical staffs who had the inclusion criteria of the study. Fasting 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as having a 25(OH)D concentration <25 nmol/L. The average of persons ages were 20-65 years with mean age of 34±9 years, and about 57.5% of the participants were female. The mean±SD vitamin D level of the subjects was 29±16 nmol/L (median=26 nmol/L). Also 48% of the individuals had vitamin D deficiency. In this study, there was no association between vitamin D level and gender of the participants. A significant positive correlation of age with vitamin D level was found (r =0.002). It seems that for evaluation of 25-OH-vit D status, age should be noticed

Detecting fake accounts through Generative Adversarial Network in online social media

Nowadays, online social media has become an inseparable part of human life, also this phenomenon is being used by individuals to send messages and share files via videos and images. Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook are well-known samples of these networks. One of the main challenges of privacy for users in these networks is anomalies in security. Anomalies in online social networks can be attributed to illegal behavior, such deviance is done by malicious people like account forgers, online fraudsters, etc. This paper proposed a new method to identify fake user accounts by calculating the similarity measures among users, applying the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) algorithm over the Twitter dataset. The results of the proposed method showed, accuracy was able to reach 98.1% for classifying and detecting fake user accounts

PETROLOGY AND TECTONO-MAGMATIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH MARZAN ABAD, CENTRAL ALBORZ MOUNTAIN

Structurally, the study area belongs to the Central Alborz tectonic range. The volcanic rocks in the region, composed of basalt, andesite, trachyandesite and dolerite, have been formed by fractional crystallization and, in some cases, contamination processes. The major minerals in the rocks include clinopyroxene, olivine and plagioclase. Porphyritic to mega-porphyritic textures with chlorite, glomeroporphyritic and amygdaloidal matrices are observed in the rocks. In general, the regional rocks are rich in LIL and LREE elements and depleted of HFS elements. Evaluation of the ratios of rare and rare-earth elements indicates that the basalts in the region may be formed through partial melting of a garnet peridotite at high depths and pressures. The negative Ce anomaly, the positive Nb anomaly and the Pb/Ce ratio similar to that found in the OIB sources and diversity of the Ce/Pb ratio emphasize the role of continental and mantle lithosphere in the contamination of magmatic sources of elements in the volcanic rocks found in the study area. Therefore, delamination and detachment of the lithosphere and its sinking in the mantle (due to density difference) and the transfer of the dense lithosphere to high depths (lower mantle) can be related to contamination of the magmatic source with the lithosphere for the primary magma of the volcanic rocks in the intraplate range.A área de estudo pertence estruturalmente à faixa tectônica de Alborz Central. As rochas vulcânicas da região, compostas de basalto, andesita, traquandandita e dolerita, foram formadas por cristalização fracionada e, em alguns casos, processos de contaminação. Os principais minerais nas rochas incluem clinopiroxênio, olivina e plagioclase, texturas porfiríticas a mega-porfiríticas com matrizes de clorita, glomeroporfirite e amigdaloidal são observadas nas rochas. Em geral, as rochas regionais são ricas em elementos LIL e LREE e empobrecem os elementos HFS. A avaliação das proporções de elementos raros e de terras raras indica que os basaltos na região podem ser formados através do derretimento parcial de uma peridotita granada em altas profundidades e pressões. A anomalia Ce negativa, a anomalia positiva de Nb e a razão Pb / Ce semelhante à encontrada nas fontes OIB e a diversidade da razão Ce / Pb enfatizam o papel da litosfera continental e do manto na contaminação de fontes magmáticas de elementos no vulcão, rochas encontradas na área de estudo. Portanto, a delaminação e descolamento da litosfera e seu afundamento no manto (devido à diferença de densidade) e a transferência da litosfera densa para altas profundidades (manto inferior) podem estar relacionados à contaminação da fonte magmática com a litosfera para o magma primário das rochas vulcânicas na faixa intraplaca

Bright Renoprotective Properties of Metformin Beyond Blood Glucose Regulatory Effects

Metformin, a biguanide drug, is widely prescribed to treat high blood glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a troubling chronic disease and diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. Recent studies suggest that metformin, in addition to its efficacy in treating type 2 diabetes, may also have therapeutic efficacy in other conditions, including diabetic nephropathy or ameliorative property against tubular cell injury. Moreover, metformin significantly decreases albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the exact mechanisms beyond the effect of metformin on blood glucose are still unknown. Recent studies suggest that the therapeutic effect of metformin is mediated by its action on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in tissues. Various investigations show that metformin decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species. Metformin protects against tubular injury by restoring the biochemical alterations and regulation of oxidative stress on renal tubules. It also protects podocytes in nephropathy of diabetes. These findings can more strongly potentiate the clinical use of metformin in the prevention of nephropathy of diabetes. In this regard, to better understand the metformin nephroprotective properties, more experimental rat models and clinical studies are needed