114 research outputs found
Geographic risk of general and abdominal obesity and related determinants in Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN-IV Study
Background: Obesity, as a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases, is a common public health problem in developed and developing countries. Among Iranian children and adolescents, the prevalence of being overweight has increased by almost 50% in the past two decades.
Aims: To visualize the geographic differences in general and abdominal obesity risks and related determinants among Iranian children and adolescents.
Methods: Participants consisted of 14 880 students, aged 7-19 years, living in urban and rural areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Spatial patterns of obesity and its association with related risk factors were identified using Bayesian spatial modeling.
Results: The highest spatial risks of general obesity (odds ratio 1.21-1.66 for males and 1.81-2.02 for females) and abdominal obesity (odds ratio 1.20-1.82 for males and 1.25-1.78 for females) were observed in the north, northwest and southwest of the country. Risk of obesity was significantly higher in areas with a higher rate of urban residence, active current smokers and prolonged screen time.
Conclusion: Identification of high-risk regions for obesity and spatially related risk factors can be used as informative tools for decision-making and planning in health systems at national and subnational levels
Distribution of Mortality among 1-59 Month-Old Children Across Iranian Provinces in 2009: The National Mortality Surveillance System
Objective: To determine the distribution of mortality in 1 59 month-old children across Iranian provinces in a national mortality surveillance system. Methods: This national survey was conducted in 2009. A questionnaire was designed and standardized for collecting mortality data of children aged 1 - 59 months. The project team, consisting of collaborators from the whole 40 medical universities, filled in the questionnaires and returned them to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Results: The mortality in 1 - 59 month-old children was unequally distributed across provinces. The mortality was higher among children of less- educated mothers than in children of more- educated mothers. There was a reverse association between 1 - 59 months mortality and socioeconomic status across Iran as a whole and within most provinces. Conclusions: Our results suggest that socioeconomic distribution in mortality of 1 - 59 month-old children favors the better-off in Iran as a whole and in most of its provinces. Investigating why mortality is higher in some provinces deserves special attention. Furthermore, it is advisable to conduct provincially-representative surveys to provide update estimates of different health situations and to allow their monitoring over time
Prevalence study of clinical disorders in 6-year-old children across Iranian provinces: Findings of Iranian national health assessment survey
Objective: To assess the national prevalence of clinical disorders in 6-year-old Iranian children before school entry using a national health assessment survey. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were asked to participate in a mandatory national screening program in Iran in 2009 in two levels of screening and diagnostic levels. Results: The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5% girls and 76.1% urban). Of the whole children, 3.1% of the 6-year-old children had impaired vision. In addition, 1.2, 1.8, 1.4, 10, 10.9, 56.7, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.6% had color blindness, hearing impaired, speech disorder, height to age retardation, body mass index extremes, decayed teeth, having disease with special needs, spinal disorders, and hypertension, respectively. The distribution of these disorders was unequally distributed across provinces. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that the prevalence of clinical disorders among 6-year-old children across Iranian provinces was not similar. The observed burden of these distributions among young children needs a comprehensive national policy with evidence-based province programs to identify the reason for different distribution among provinces
Mortality inequality in 1-59 months children across Iranian provinces: National Hospital Medical Records System
Objective: To determine inequality in mortality in 1-59 months children across Iranian provinces using hospital medical records system. Methodology: After designing and examining a national questionnaire in hospitals for mortality data collection of children 1-59 months, 40 Medical Universities were asked to fill in the questionnaires and return to the main researcher in the health ministry in 2009. Results: Mortality in 1-59 months children was unequally distributed across Iranian hospitals. Cough, drowsiness, and eating and drinking problem were the most important reasons of hospitalization in both genders. There were significant differences between boys and girls in vomiting (p=0.005), drowsiness (p=0.024), and bleeding (p=0.004). Most of the patients had very bad and not suitable situation at entrance (p=0.211). There was a significant difference between two sexes in vaccination (p=0.019). There was no significant difference between boys and girls on first weight in hospital, last weight, breaths per minute, and pulse rate per minute (p > 0.05). The first five most important diagnosis were congenital, accident (girls) pulmonary (boys), cardiovascular, CNS and metabolic diseases. Conclusions: Our results suggest that inequality in 1-59 months mortality based on hospital medical records system needs more attention in Iran as a whole and in most of its provinces by policy-makers. Investigating why inequality is higher in some provinces deserves special attention. In addition, it is advisable to conduct provincial representative surveys to provide recent estimates of heath inequalities and to allow monitoring over time
Growth Disorders Among 6-Year-Old Iranian Children
Background: Sociodemographic factors are important determinants of weight disorders. National representative studies provide a view on this health problem at national and regional levels. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the distribution of growth disorders in terms of body mass index (BMI) and height in 6-year-old Iranian children using geographical information system (GIS). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were examined in a mandatory national screening program in 2009. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, and short stature. Then, ArcGIS software was used to draw the figures. Results: The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5% girls and 76.5% urban). Overall, 20% of children were underweight, and 14.3% had high BMI, consisted of 10.9% overweight and 3.4% obese. The corresponding figure for short stature was 6.6%; however, these growth disorders were not equally distributed across various provinces. Conclusions: Our results confirmed unequal distribution of BMI and height of 6-year-old children in Iran generally and in most of its provinces particularly. The differences among provinces cannot be fully explained by the socioeconomic pattern. These findings necessitate a comprehensive national policy with provincial evidence-based programs
Using Intervention Mapping Approach to Finding Socio-Cognitive Determinants of Diabetes Preventive Behaviors
Introduction: Diabetes is the most common chronic disease with complications. The objective of this study was to determine socio-cognitive determinants of diabetes preventive behaviors among sample of at risk group based on intervention mapping approach (IM) in Kermanshah, the west of Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study which conducted among a total of 200 male and female aged 30 years old and more, who referred to health centers, during 2018 that randomly selected to participate voluntarily. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using bivariate correlations and linear regression at 95% significant level.Results: The mean age of respondents was 38.4 years [95% CI: 37.3, 39.4], ranged from 30 to 56 years. Socio-cognitive determinants were accounted for 40% of the variation in diabetes prevention behaviors F= 35.559, P< 0.001. As well as, perceived self-efficacy, perceived severity, and perceived barrier were the most influential predictors on diabetes preventive behaviors.Conclusions: Based on findings, it seems that planning health promotion programs to reduce barrier to perform diabetes preventive behaviors and increase confidence towards ability to perform preventive behaviors, and seriousness about sides effect of diabetes may be usefulness of the results in order to promotion of diabetes preventive behaviors among at risk group
Childhood overweight and obesity and associated factors in iranian children and adolescents : a multilevel analysis; the CASPIAN-IV Study
Analysis of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Iran Using Joinpoint Regression Analysis
Background: It is important to be able to predict cancer incidence and mortality rates for planning and managing the risk factors.
Objectives: The present study investigated the changes in the incidence and mortality rates of five most common cancers in Iran.
Methods: The cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the national cancer and mortality registries. Five most common cancers in
bothmenandwomenwere selected. Changes in the incidence and mortality rates of the selected cancers in both sexes were estimated by age group,
annual percent change (APC), and average APC (AAPC) and then graphically displayed.
Results: The most common cancers (except skin cancer) were breast, colorectal, stomach, esophageal, and thyroid cancers in women and stomach,
prostate, bladder, colorectal, and esophageal cancers in men, respectively. The AAPCs of all cancer incidence rates had increased by 11.9% in men
and 11.6% in women from 2002 to 2010. Also, the mortality rates had enhanced by 0.4% and 0.1% per year in men and women from 2006 to 2011,
respectively. The greatest APC was reported in prostate cancer. The rate had increased by 41.9% from 2002 to 2004, by 13.4% from 2004 to 2008, and
slowly augmented by 3.9% from 2008 to 2010. In women, the greatest APC was observed in colorectal cancer; the rate had enhanced by 13.4% per year
from 2002 to 2010. The greatest increase for age-standardized mortality and incidence in 2011 was attributed to gastric cancer (12.5% and 17.1% per
100,000 men, respectively). In women, the highest age-standardized mortality rate was related to gastric cancer at 6.9% per 100,000 women. The
incidence and mortality patterns of colorectal and esophageal cancers in men and women were similar, although they were slightly higher in men
than women.
Conclusions: Overall, cancer incidence rates had increased in both sexes. Manyfactors were responsible, such as changes in lifestyle, environmental
factors, increased life expectancy, improvements in the registration systems, and declining mortality rates due to early detection and treatment. The
results of this study provided useful information for the prediction of changes in the incidence and mortality of cancer and subsequent design of
cancer control programs in Iran.
Keywords: Neoplasm, Incidence, Mortality, Trends, Joinpoint Regression, Ira
First report on the validity of a continuous Metabolic Syndrome score as an indicator for Metabolic Syndrome in a national sample of paediatric population — the CASPIAN-III study
Wstęp: Celem pracy była ocena trafności ciągłego wskaźnika zespołu metabolicznego (cMetS) na próbie reprezentatywnej irańskich dziecioraz zidentyfikowanie zależnych od płci i wieku optymalnych wartości odcięcia wskaźnika cMetS związanych z zespołem metabolicznym.Materiał i metody: Badanie zostało przeprowadzone z udziałem 3254 uczniów w wieku od 10 do 18 lat. cMetS był ustalany poprzezzagregowanie residuów standaryzowanych względem wieku i płci następujących parametrów: obwodu w pasie (WC, waist circumference),średniego ciśnienia tętniczego (MAP, mean arterial pressure), stężenia glukozy, stężenia cholesterolu frakcji lipoprotein wysokiejgęstości (HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol) oraz stężenia triglicerydów (TG). W celu ustalenia optymalnych punktów odcięciadla przewidywania obecności zespołu metabolicznego na podstawie cMetS zastosowano analizę krzywej ROC (receiver operatingcharacteristic) z oszacowaniem czułości i swoistości zmiennych.Wyniki: Wykazano stopniowany związek między wskaźnikiem cMetS a liczbą czynników ryzyka. W przypadku obu płci zaobserwowanowyraźny wzrost średnich wartości wskaźnika cMetS wraz ze wzrostem liczby komponentów. Ogólna optymalna wartość odcięcia wskaźnikacMetS dla przewidywania obecności zespołu metabolicznego wyniosła 2,93 [czułość = 92%, swoistość = 91%, pole powierzchni podkrzywą = 0,96 (0,95–0,97)]. Wartość dla chłopców wyniosła w badaniu 2,97, a dla dziewcząt — 3,26.Wniosek: W przeprowadzonym badaniu ogólnokrajowym potwierdzono trafność wskaźnika cMetS w populacji irańskich dzieci. WskaźnikcMetS wydaje się odpowiednim wskaźnikiem do zastosowania w badaniach epidemiologicznych nad związkiem pomiędzy potencjalnymiczynnikami ryzyka a występowaniem zespołu metabolicznego w Iranie.Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a continuous Metabolic Syndrome score (cMetS) in a nationally representativesample of Iranian children and to identify sex and age-specific optimal cut-off points of cMetS that are associated with MetS.Material and methods: This study was conducted among 3,254 schoolchildren aged 10–18 years. cMetS was derived by aggregating ageand sex-standardised residuals of waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), glucose, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). To determine the optimal cut-off points of cMetS for predicting MetS, receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was used with an estimation of the variables’ sensitivity and specificity.Results: A graded relationship was documented between cMetS and the number of risk factors. Increasing mean values of cMetS with increasingnumbers of components were apparent for both genders. The overall optimal cMetS cut-off point for predicting the presence of MetS was 2.93 [sensitivity= 92%, specificity = 91%, area of the curve = 0.96 (0.95–0.97)]. The values for boys and girls were 2.97 and 3.26 respectively in the total study.Conclusion: This nationwide study confirmed the validity of the cMetS score in a population-based sample of Iranian children. cMetSappears to be an appropriate index for investigating the association between potential risk factors and MetS in epidemiological researchin Iran
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