Empirical Verification of the Weighted System of Criteria for the Elite Water Polo Players Quality Evaluation

The aim of this research was to check the validity of the weighed system of criteria for evaluating the actual quality of water polo players proposed by Hraste, Dizdar and Trnini}13. The authors have determined the attributes of the measurement instrument for assessment of the overall performance efficiency of elite water polo players. Based on the determined descriptive indicators, on the coefficients of the relative importance of criteria, and on the degree of the objectivity level (interobservers’ agreement) of the expert evaluations, it can be concluded that the measuring attributes (objectivity and sensitivity) for most of the criteria are in accordance with their relative importance coefficients for a particular position in the game. Consequently, a structure of relevant criteria is proposed for each play action position in the water polo game. The established instrument for evaluation the actual quality of the elite water polo players is a precondition to establish the professional system orientation, but it would also mean and a hypotheses for adequate design tactic model of play and a process of sports preparation. In succeeding steps of developing the system of criteria and its applicability, the latent structure of the criteria variables should be determined as well as overall importance of criteria with respect to the game of water polo

Braid Groups on Triangulated Surfaces and Singular Homology

Let $\Sigma_g$ denote the closed orientable surface of genus $g$ and fix an arbitrary simplicial triangulation of $\Sigma_g$. We construct and study a natural surjective group homomorphism from the surface braid group on $n$ strands on $\Sigma_g$ to the first singular homology group of $\Sigma_g$ with integral coefficients. In particular, we show that the kernel of this homomorphism is generated by canonical braids which arise from the triangulation of $\Sigma_g$. This provides a simple description of natural subgroups of surface braid groups which are closely tied to the homology groups of the surfaces $\Sigma_g$

Effect of Integrated Teaching of Mathematics and Physical Education on Durability of Knowledge of Geometry

Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi i objasniti efikasnost integrirane nastave matematike i tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture na trajnost znanja iz geometrije kod učenika i učenica 4. razreda osnovne škole. Uzorak ispitanika činila je eksperimentalna (n=20) i kontrolna (n=18) grupa ispitanika. Uzorak varijabli činila je baterija testova iz geometrije. Test iz geometrije proveo se u dvije vremenske točke s odmakom od oko 60 dana. Eksperimentalna grupa ispitanika usvajala je predviđena matematička znanja isključivo preko kinezioloških operatora. Kontrolna grupa ispitanika znanja iz matematike usvajala je na nastavi matematike tradicionalnim načinom. Eksperiment se sastojao od 4 integrirana nastavna sata matematike i tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Na temelju rezultata univarijantne analize varijance dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da su dugoročni efekti integrirane nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture i matematike jednako dobri kao i podučavanje matematike prema smjernicama kurikuluma.The aim of this research is to identify and explain the effectiveness of the integrated teaching of mathematics and physical education on the durability of knowledge of geometry of pupils in the 4th grade of elementary school. The sample consisted of an experimental (n=20) and a control (n=18) group of subjects. The sample of variables was made of a battery of geometry tests. This geometry test was done twice with a delay of 60 days. The experimental group of subjects was taught specified mathematics knowledge using only kinesiological operators. The control group of subjects was taught mathematics using traditional way of teaching. The experiment consisted of four integrated lessons of mathematics and physical education. Results obtained by univariate analysis show that long-lasting effects of integrated mathematics and physical education teaching are as good as teaching mathematics using curriculum guidelines

Experts Opinion about System of the Performance Evaluation Criteria Weighted per Positons in the Water Polo Game

The goal of the research was to define experts opinion about adequate criteria for water polo players’ actual quality evaluation and to determine experts opinion about weight coefficients (ponders) of the here defined criteria across the playing positions in the game of water polo. Based upon the expertise performed by ten water polo professionals, the relative importance coefficients with regard to playing positions in the game were determined for twenty seven performance evaluation criteria. High degreee of interobserves’ agreement was obtained regarding all positions (from 0.93 to 0.96). In concordance with the obtained results the particular playing positions were explicitly described, as well as the similarities and the differences between them were determined from the aspect of the single criteria importance. The research results could be usefully applied by the water polo practitioners for the selection and follow-up of players during training programme implementation, and for programming, controll and evaluation of transformational effects

Influence of combined teaching in the learning of geometry

Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi i objasniti utjecaj kombiniranog modela nastave na usvajanje znanja iz geometrije u četvrtom razredu osnovne škole. Kombinirani se model sastojao od podjednakog udjela dva modela nastave. Jedan je dio činio integriranu nastavu matematike i tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, dok se drugi dio sastojao od tradicionalnog modela poučavanja matematike. Uzorak varijabli sastojao se od dva seta testova iz geometrije. Test inicijalnog mjerenja, koje je održano prije početka eksperimenta, imao je svrhu ustanoviti usvojeno geometrijsko znanje iz prethodnog obrazovnog perioda. Finalno mjerenje održano je nakon završetka eksperimenta. Test finalnog znanja sastojao se od ispitnih pitanja iz nastavne teme: pravokutnik, kvadrat i njihovi opsezi. U istraživanju su sudjelovale eksperimentalna (n=22) i kontrolna (n=18) grupa ispitanika. Znanja iz navedene nastavne teme kontrolna grupa ispitanika usvajala je prema smjernicama iz kurikuluma. Eksperimentalna grupa ispitanika usvajala je geometrijska znanja iz nastavne teme pravokutnik, kvadrat i njihovi opsezi kombiniranim modelom nastave. Rezultati dobiveni t-testom ukazuju na statistički značajno veću efikasnost kombinirane nastave.The aim of this study is to determine and explain the impact of the combined model of teaching to learning geometry in the fourth grade of primary school. The combined model was composed of an equal share of the two models of teaching. One part formed from an integrated teaching of mathematics and physical education, while the second part consisted from the traditional model of teaching mathematics. The sample of variables was composed of two sets of geometric tests. The test of the initial measurements, which took place before the start of the experiment had the purpose to determine learned geometric knowledge of previous educational period. The final measurement was held after the end of the experiment. The test of the final knowledge was composed of exam questions of a teaching topic: rectangle, square and their bands. In the research participated experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 18) groups of respondents. Control group participants learned knowledge of above teaching topic within the guidelines found of the curriculum. The experimental group participants learned a geometric knowledge of a teaching topic rectangle, square and their bands combined model of teaching. The results obtained by t-test pointed on statistical significantly increased efficiency of combined teaching

Where is today’s Water Polo Heading? An Analysis of the Stages of Development of the Game of Water Polo

The aims of this review are to: (1) Identify the various phases and their characteristics throughout the historical development of the water polo game. (2) Explore the impact of changes in rules of the game on the technical-tactical structure of the current water polo game. (3) Explore the impact of the technical-tactical structure of the water polo game which has led to change in the rules of the game historically.(4) Identify possible directions for the next change of rules and development of technical-tactical structure of the water polo game. There were five distinct development stages of water polo through its history, and there will probably be another one in future. Each time the various changes in the rules of the game influenced changes to the structure of the technical and tactical game. However, in some periods the reverse happened and the technical and tactical changes in the way the game was coached and played led to changes in the rules of the game. Today’s water polo belongs to the last historical stage which is characterized by a high rhythm and tempo of the game, but at the same time today’s water polo is a sport with a lot of physical contact fouls and with 60% waste of time during the annoying phase of transition. By applying the suggested “new rules” the number of ordinary fouls and the time loss in the transition phase would be significantly reduced. With these new rules, the water polo games should develop a new dimension of attractiveness and creativity

Die epidemiologische Untersuchung der dentalen Morbidität mittels Ankete und ihre bewertung

U okviru međunarodnog projekta Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije »Korištenje zdravstvene službe i zdravstvene zaštite«, kao jedna od viiše metodoloških studija izvršena je i provjera vrijednosti ankete i valjanosti podataka o dentalnom morbiditetu. Autori su, nakon analize medicinsko-statističkih podataka utvrđenih po liječniku-stomatologu te izjave anketiranih osoba, dokazati da je postotak slaganja zadovoljavao i bio u skladu s postojećim standardima za takvu vrst \u27ispitivanja. S obzirom na reprezentativnost uzorka, autori zaključuju, da se dobiveni rezultati ispitivanja o stopama morbiditeta zubiju mogu proširiti sa anketiranog uzorka na cjelokupnu populaciju područja Istre i Hrvatskog primorja.An investigation of the condition of the oral cavity with regard to dental morbidity by means of epidemiologic methods apart from other advantages offers an insight into the distribution of diseases of a population living in certain areas or again of individual segments of the population.Within the scope of the international project of the World Health Organisation »International Collaborative Study of Medical Care Utilization« — in the further text WHO/ICS/MCU, one of the several methodologic studies in the project was the evaluation of the inquiry and the accuracy of the data on dental morbidity. The region of Istra and the Croatian Littoral, comprised by the project mentioned, numbered 440.000 inhabitants (46% belonging to the urban and 54% to the rural population). A representative sample was used, obtained by the geographical method of choice selection and the results of the investigation may thus be applied to the entire population living in that region. The problem of the study of validity was to establish to what extent we may rely on the accuracy of the data compiled be means of questionnaire forms given to subjects to complete. The actual sta\u27te of the teeth was taken as a criterium for the determination of the validity and this was established by means of a stomatological examination after the inquiry had been completed. After analysing the medical and statistical data compiled by a specialist in stomatology and the statements made by the subjects taking part in the inquirv, the percentage of agreement proved to be satisfactory. Thus the percentage of agreement in the replies given by the test subjects to questions about the number of extracted teeth as established by the inquiry and the actual number of teeth missing, as established by the examination amounted to 86,3%, dissent was recorded in 12,6% whereas no data were available for 1.2%. In the replies given by test subjects about the existence of dental-prosthetic replacements and the actual presence of dental prostheses, the percentage of agreement was 84.6% and there was dissent in 12.1% while no data were available for 2.6%. Accordingly we may rightly conclude that the data which we obtained from the questionnaires, respectively the WHO/ICS/MCU study are in accordance with the existing standards and that they represent a relatively precise indicator of the actual dental morbidity of the population investigated. With regard to the representativeness of the sample, the conclusions about the rates of morbidity of the teeth in the investigated sample may be enlarged to include the entire population of the region of Istra and the Croat Littoral.Die Prüfung des Gesundheitszustandes der Mundhöhle inbezug auf die dentale Morbidität mittels epidemiologischer Methoden, ergibt Einsicht in die Verteilung der Erkrankung bei der Menschengrupe eines bestimmten Gebietes, oder gewisser Segmente der Bevölkerung. Im Rahmen des internationalen Projekts der Weltgesundheitsorganisation »Die Auswertung des Gesundheitsdienstes und des Gesundheitschutzes« (World Health Organization; International Collaborative Study of Medical Care Utilization; — WHO/ICS/MCU), eine von mehreren Studien aus dem Projekt war Gegenstand der Feststellung des Anketenwertes und der Richtigkeit der Angaben über die dentale Morbidität. Das Gebiet von Istrien und des kroatischen Küstenlandes, welches mit dem genannten Projekt erfasst war, hat 440.000 Einwohner, davon sind 46% Stadt- und 54% Landbevölkerung). Das Muster war representativ und zugerichtet nach der geographischen Methode der zufälligen Auswahl, demnach kann man die Resultate der Untersuchung auf die Gesamtbevölkerung dieses Gebietes beziehen. Das Problem der Studie über die Validatät der Untersuchung liegt in der Feststellung, inwiefern man sich auf die Angaben der Ankete verlassen kann. Als Kriterium für die Feststellung der Validität werde der reale Zahnstatus der nach der Ankete bei der stomatologischen Untersuchung angetroffen wurde, bestimmt Die Analyse der medizinisch-statistischen Angaben, aufgenommen vom Zahnrazt, zeigt eine zufriedenstellende Übereinstimmung mit den Aussagen der anketierten Personen. Der Perzenstatz der übereinstimmenden Antworten der Probanden auf die Frage über die Anzahl der extrahierten Zähne nach Angaben der Ankete und der tatsächliche Zustand der fehlenden Zähne, festgestellt während der Untersuchung, beträgt 86,3%, während 12,6% nicht übereinstimmen bei 1,2% fehlenden Angaben.Inbezug auf zahnprothetische Arbeiten betrugen die übereinstimmenden Antworten der Probanden mit den tatsächlich vorhandenen Zahnprothesen 84,6%, 12,1% gingen auseinander bei 2,6% fehlenden Angaben Demnach kann man mit Recht schliessen, dass die Angaben der Ankete, bzw. Studien WHO/lCS/ /MCU mit den bestehenden Standarten übereinstimmen und dass sie einen ziemlich genauen Anzeiger der realen dentalen Morbidität der anketierten Bevölikerungsschichte darstellen