Classification of Peer Conflict in Elementary School and Efficacy of Mediation as Resolution Strategy

子どものいざこざは一般的には起こらないほうがよいと考えられている。他方で，子どもの社会性の発達を促すポジティブな面も指摘されている。本研究では小学校におけるいざこざの実態を調べ，有効な教師の介入解決方略を明らかにすることを目的とした。研究1では，教育実習を終えた大学生126名に質問紙調査を実施し，いざこざの内容を分類した結果，7種が見出された。研究2では，小学校の学級担任93名に，7種のいざこざ場面のシナリオを提示し，どのような介入解決方略をとるか尋ねた結果，ミディエーション（双方の子どもから話を聴き，子どもから解決策を引き出す方略）が，7つのうち5つの場面で最も多くとられていた。研究3では，経験豊富な管理職39名に，より解決が難しい3場面での介入解決方略について尋ねたところ，全ての場面でミディエーションが最も多かった。以上の結果から，小学校における教師のミディエーションの有効性について論じた

Cold activation of serum complement in patients with chronic hepatitis C: study on activating pathway and involvement of IgG.

It has been documented that the serum complement activities measured by hemolytic assay (CH50) are decreased after storage of sera at a low temperature in some patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been identified yet. Here, we tried to elucidate factors involved in the cold activation of complement (CAC). To clarify what pathway is activated in CAC, we measured complement cleavage products after cold storage of sera. C4d increased significantly after 12 h-storage at cold temperatures in 5 CAC (+) sera compared with 5 CAC (-) (P &#60; 0.01) and 3 control sera (P &#60; 0.05), while Bb did not increase in any of the groups. In order to determine whether IgG or IgG complex is necessary for CAC, 8 CAC (+) sera were incubated with Protein G Sepharose gel beads, and all of them retained hemolytic activities to some extent after cold storage. Column chromatography through Superose 6HR of CAC-positive serum identified the fractions containing molecules that induced CAC in normal serum, which were depleted by treatment with protein G Sepharose. In conclusion, CAC in hepatitis C seems to occur via a classical or lectin pathway, and the IgG complex produced in hepatitis C virus infection may be an important factor in inducing CAC, a common extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C.</p

Risk stratification for the prognosis of patients with chemoresistant urothelial cancer treated with pembrolizumab

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat urothelial carcinoma (UC) is increasing rapidly without clear guidance for validated risk stratification. This multicenter retrospective study collected clinicopathological information on 463 patients, and 11 predefined variables were analyzed to develop a multivariate model predicting overall survival (OS). The model was validated using an independent dataset of 292 patients. Patient characteristics and outcomes were well balanced between the discovery and validation cohorts, which had median OS times of 10.2 and 12.5 mo, respectively. The final validated multivariate model was defined by risk scores based on the hazard ratios (HRs) of independent prognostic factors including performance status, site of metastasis, hemoglobin levels, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The median OS times (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups (discovery cohort) were not yet reached (NYR) (NYR–19.1), 6.8 mo (5.8-8.9), and 2.3 mo (1.2-2.6), respectively. The HRs (95% CI) for OS in the low- and intermediate-risk groups vs the high-risk group were 0.07 (0.04-0.11) and 0.23 (0.15-0.37), respectively. The objective response rates for in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 48.3%, 28.8%, and 10.5%, respectively. These differential outcomes were well reproduced in the validation cohort and in patients who received pembrolizumab after perioperative or first-line chemotherapy (N = 584). In conclusion, the present study developed and validated a simple prognostic model predicting the oncological outcomes of pembrolizumab-treated patients with chemoresistant UC. The model provides useful information for external validation, patient counseling, and clinical trial design

OMAE2006-92233 FULL-SCALE MEASUREMENTS ON HULL RESPONSE OF A LARGE-CONTAINER SHIP IN SERVICE

ABSTRACT In order to investigate hull responses of post-Panamax container ships in the actual sea, full-scale measurements on hull responses of a post-Panamax container ship in service were conducted. In linear wave domain, the probability density distributions of hull responses obtained by full-scale measurements were compared with the Rayleigh distributions to check on the range of the applicability, and comparisons with the long-term distributions of the longitudinal stress obtained by full-scale measurements and the direct structural analyses based on the wave loads analyzed by using the linear 3D Rankine source method were made to verify the accuracy. In non-linear wave domain, the measured longitudinal stresses showed the asymmetry of vertical bending moment. The longterm distributions of hull responses, which have the high harmonic components, obtained by full-scale measurements were compared with the numerical results analyzed by using non-linear methods to investigate the non-linearity on hull responses of container ship

Integrated radiation monitoring and interlock system for the LHD deuterium experiments

The Large Helical Device (LHD) successfully started the deuterium experiment in March 2017, in which further plasma performance improvement is envisaged to provide a firm basis for the helical reactor design. Some major upgrades of facilities have been made for safe and productive deuterium experiments. For radiation safety, the tritium removal system, the integrated radiation monitoring system, and the access control system have been newly installed. Each system has new interlock signals that will prevent any unsafe plasma operation or plant condition. Major interlock extensions have been implemented as a part of the integrated radiation monitoring system, which also has an inter-connection to the LHD central operation and control system. The radiation monitoring system RMSAFE (Radiation Monitoring System Applicable to Fusion Experiments) is already operating for monitoring γ(X)-rays in LHD. Some neutron measurements have been additionally applied for the deuterium experiments. The LHD data acquisition system LABCOM can acquire and process 24 h every day continuous data streams. Since γ(X)-ray and neutron measurements require higher availability, the sensors, controllers, data acquisition computers, network connections, and visualization servers have been designed to be duplicated or multiplexed for redundancy. The radiation monitoring displays in the LHD control room have been carefully designed to have excellent visual recognition, and to make users immediately aware of several alerts regarding the dose limits. The radiation safety web pages have been also upgraded to always show both dose rates of γ(X)-rays and neutrons in real time

A dehydrated space-weathered skin cloaking the hydrated interior of Ryugu

Without a protective atmosphere, space-exposed surfaces of airless Solar System bodies gradually experience an alteration in composition, structure and optical properties through a collective process called space weathering. The return of samples from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2 provides the first opportunity for laboratory study of space-weathering signatures on the most abundant type of inner solar system body: a C-type asteroid, composed of materials largely unchanged since the formation of the Solar System. Weathered Ryugu grains show areas of surface amorphization and partial melting of phyllosilicates, in which reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and dehydration developed. Space weathering probably contributed to dehydration by dehydroxylation of Ryugu surface phyllosilicates that had already lost interlayer water molecules and to weakening of the 2.7 µm hydroxyl (–OH) band in reflectance spectra. For C-type asteroids in general, this indicates that a weak 2.7 µm band can signify space-weathering-induced surface dehydration, rather than bulk volatile loss

Long-term prognosis of the chronic hepatitis C patients with interferon: Comparison among virological responders, biochemical responders and non-responders

To evaluate the prognosis of the sustained biochemical responder after interferon (IFN) therapy, we retrospectively studied 252 chronic hepatitis C patients who were treated with IFN. Patients were divided into four groups: group A, sustained virological responders (n=84); group B,sustained biochemical but not virological responders (n=43); group C, incomplete responders (n=64); group D, non responders (n=61). The levels of several liver function tests were evaluated at the end of the observation period (4.2±1.6 years, mean±SD) compared with those at just before IFN therapy. The levels of cholinesterase, albumin, γ-globulin, zinc sufate turbidity test, platelet count and clearance rate of indocyanine green test improved in group A (p<0.05), became worse in group D (p<0.05) and did not change in group B. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher in group D than in group B (p<0.01);Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test). The hazard ratio for hapatocarcinogenesis of the patients in group A and B was significantly lower than that in group C and D (hazard ratio: 0.27, range of 0.08-0.98; p=0.046) adjusted for age, gender, stage and total alcohol consumption. These results suggest that the progress of liver disease and liver carcinogenesis was more suppressed in sustained biochemical responders than in non reponders

The Effects of Peer Mediation Program Compact on Elementary Students : From the point of view of self-efficacy and school adjustment

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a class-wide conflict resolution program on fifth-grade students in a primary school, focusing on changes in selfefficacy and school adjustment. The conflict resolution program comprised five 45-minute sessions. We believed compact program is suitable for school education in Japan. The results showed that (1) the program enhanced participants' self-efficacy, especially in those with lower initial levels of self-efficacy, and (2) the program improved only one factor of school adjustment, "greeting." In addition, the hypothesis that the program's enhancement of self-efficacy would promote improvement in school adjustment was examined using regression analysis. we also found more factors of school adjustment were affected by selfefficacy at the post-test compared to the pre-test. These results shows hypothesis was partially supported. We discussed not only the effects of peer mediation program compact but further research would be needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these effects

高温超伝導ナノワイヤー作製法の研究

[Abstract]A fabrication technique for high temperature superconducting (HTS) nanowires has been developed to realize photon detectors operating at high temperatures. HTS nanowires based on YBa_2Cu_3O_y (YBCO) were fabricated by electron beam (EB) lithography and Ar ion milling. During the Ar ion milling. Duuribg the Ar iron milling process, the samples were cooles by liquid N_2 to suppress degradation of YBCO due to increasing temperature. The acceleration voltage of the samples were cooled by liquid N_2 to suppress degradation of YBCO due to increasing temperature. The acceleration voltage of the Ar ions was optimized to decrease the energy of ion bombardment. To reduce the degradation from the side edge of the YBCO nanowire, a dry process using oxygen ions was employed to remove the EB resist instead of a wet process with remover and rinse solutions. A YBCO nanowire 150 nm wide and 5.4 mm long was successfully fabricated by minimizing the degradation of the YBCO film quality during the fabrication process. [要旨]液体窒素温度以上の高温領域で動作する単一光子検出器の実現を目的として, 酸化物高温超伝導ナノワイヤーの作製方法について検討を行った. 電子ビームリソグラフィーでナノパターンを形成し, Arイオンエッチングを用いて酸化物高温超伝導薄膜のYBa_2Cu_3O_yに微細加工を施すことでナノワイヤーを作製した. Arプラズマのイオン衝撃による温度上昇は超伝導特性の劣化をもたらすため, これを防ぐ目的でArイオンエッチングを行う際に液体窒素で試料の冷却を行った. これと同時に, イオソ衝撃のエネルギーを抑えるため Arイオンの加速電圧の最適化も行った. 電子ビームレジストを除去する際のリムバーやリンスなどの液体を用いたウエットプロセスによっても, YBa_2Cu_3O_yナノワイヤーの側壁部に劣化を生じるため、その対策としてOイオンを用いたドライプロセスにより電子ビームレジストの除去を行う条件を見出した. その結果, 超伝導特性に殆ど劣化のない, ワイヤー幅150nm, ワイヤー長5.4mm の酸化物高温超伝導ナノワイヤーの実現に成功した