Don Brown and Japanese Librarianship During the Occupation Period

Japanese library policy during the post-war occupation was primarily driven by the Civil Information and Education Section (CIE) of the GHQ/SCAP. Donald B. Brown was a head of the Information Division of CIE, in charge of occupational media policy. He had experience as a journalist of The Japan Advertiser in 1930s and as an analyst in the Office of War Information (OWI) in early 1940s. He led the dissemination of democratic ideas in the media sector, publicizing the purpose of occupation to the general public, and eliminating militarism/non-democratic ideas. Branch Library Bulletin was published 45 times from 1948–1949 and conveyed a variety of cultural activities such as documentary films, exhibitions, listening to music records, debates, English conversation classes, etc. Don Brown also emphasized the role of the library for disseminating democratic ideas. He played an important role in the foundation of CIE libraries in the early occupational period and in the establishment of the Japan Library School (JLS) at Keio University in 1951. 23 CIE libraries were founded in the occupational Japan and showed democratic model for post-war Japanese public library. Open shelf and free use were not popular in Japanese public librarianship in pre-war period. In order to operate CIE libraries more effectively, it was necessary for the Japanese themselves to operate those libraries, and a new educational institution should be established to train such Japanese staff. At that time, main training method for Japanese librarians was short course and no graduate school existed specializing library economy/library science. The JLS, led by Robert L. Gitler, was a major epoch in considering the development of education and training for Japanese professional librarian

L’archipel des bibliothèques

L’histoire des bibliothèques au Japon diffère sensiblement de celles du vieux continent. Appuyé par une loi, le développement du réseau des bibliothèques publiques a épousé les vicissitudes de l’Histoire du Japon moderne, de son essor à la sortie de la guerre aux difficultés d’une triple crise économique, démographique et maintenant écologique

Les bibliothèques japonaises après le séisme et le tsunami

Un an après le choc d’un séisme, suivi d’un tsunami et d’une catastrophe nucléaire, le point sur l’état du réseau de bibliothèques de la région du grand Est du Japon : destructions, plans d’aide et de reconstruction

The Japan Library Association

The Japan Library Association (JLA) was established in 1892 following the establishment of American Library Association (ALA) in 1876, and Library Association (LA, now CILIP) in 1877 in the United Kingdom. JLA has been a leader in forming Japanese librarianship by organizing professional activities such as national conferences, local seminars, and publishing journals and books. This article describes the history and organization of JLA, and how JLA encourages Japanese librarians to develop professional skills

QCD phase diagram with 2-flavor lattice fermion formulations

We propose a new framework for investigating two-flavor lattice QCD with finite temperature and density. We consider the Karsten-Wilczek fermion formulation, in which a species-dependent imaginary chemical potential term can reduce the number of species to two without losing chiral symmetry. This lattice discretization is useful for study on finite-($T$,$\mu$) QCD since its discrete symmetries are appropriate for the case. To show its applicability, we study strong-coupling lattice QCD with temperature and chemical potential. We derive the effective potential of the scalar meson field and obtain a critical line of the chiral phase transition, which is qualitatively consistent with the phenomenologically expected phase diagram. We also discuss that $O(1/a)$ renormalization of imaginary chemical potential can be controlled by adjusting a parameter of a dimension-3 counterterm.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figure

Activities of Paul J. Burnette, the 2nd CIE Library Officer under the Allied Occupation Japan

Paul J. Burnette was appointed as the 1st librarian of Tokyo CIE Information Center in 1946 and later worked as the 2nd CIE Library Officer from October 1947 to March 1949. His duty was in line with the ALA\u27s intension, especially (1) support for US library missions and (2) development of library education. When National Diet Library was founded in 1948, he helped advisers, such as, Verner Clapp, Charles Brown, and Robert Downs. Burnette was also organized both training program for NDL staffs and IFEL library course. He was concerned with promotion of school librarianship and establishment of public library law, too. He discussed with Japanese school library leaders about editing and publication of a guide to school libraries and with influential public librarians about principle of free library use and need for Library Board. But, activity as the Library Officer was supposed to be limited by CIE organizational system

Creation of "Shojaku-kwan" : The Germ of Library Idea in the early Meiji Japan

In the Edo period, among Japanese people who went abroad there were some who were keen about the difference between Western and Japanese libraries. Okataro Morita created the word "Shojaku-kwan (or Shoseki-kwan)" in order to express huge scale of the Western library. Then Seiryu Ichikawa used the word to give expression to a new library which would be open to the public and overcome the limit of the previous Japanese governmental library, Momijiyama Bunko, whose use had been restricted to the tycoon as a rule. The idea "Open to the public" was realized in 1875 when the Tokyo Shoseki-kwan was established as a free public library

Observation of growth and structure of Kr films physisorbed on Ag(111) and Ag(100)

The structure and growth of two-dimensional crystals of Kr on Ag(111) and Ag(100) have been investigated by means of ellipsometry and eXtremely-low-current Low Energy Electron Diffraction (XLEED) under the quasi-equilibrium condition. The layering growth of a Kr film was observed up to the third layer by ellipsometry while the crystal geometry by XLEED. Kr overlayer on Ag(100) has two types of alignment. In the predominant alignment, one of the unit vectors aligns with of Ag substrate, while in the other alignment with . Kr–Kr spacing in monolayer on Ag is 10% larger than that of bulk