Internal ratings, the business cycle, and capital requirements: some evidence from an emerging market economy

The concept of risk-based capital requirements enjoys widespread support. Effective implementation, however, requires that risk be measured accurately both across borrowers and across time. Under the New Capital Accord, the cornerstone of this risk measurement process is the rating of the borrower. In this paper we use the ratings assigned by individual Mexican banks to examine how measured credit risk for these banks has changed since the financial crisis in the mid 1990s. We then examine the implications of these changes for regulatory capital under the proposed changes to the Basel Capital Accord. We find that measured risk increased after the crisis and then fell as the recovery took hold. In turn, despite the limitations of the data, we find that the proposed internal ratings approach would have generated large swings in regulatory capital requirements over the second half of the 1990s, with required capital increasing significantly in the aftermath of the crisis, and then falling as the economy recovered. Looking forward, if movements in actual bank capital were to show this same cyclical variation, then business cycle fluctuations may be amplified by developments in the banking industry.Risk management ; Banks and banking

Basel II and developing countries: diversification and portfolio effects

No abstract availabl

Basel II: developing countries and portfolio diversification

Includes bibliograph

Basilea II: los países en desarrollo y la diversificación de la cartera

Incluye Bibliografí

Basilea II y los países en desarrollo: diversificación y efectos en la cartera

Incluye Bibliografí

Variables que influyen en el desarrollo de las competencias centrales, al requerir software en la empresa.

In this paper, we present a study in a business context, identifying the variables that influence the core competencies development and help to generate a competitive advantage. The literature review identifies variables that, in principle, help a company to innovate, sustainability, survival, and compete in the market. We propose a research model and then perform field work and analysis of results by pointing out the variables that are best represented in the research and make their respective discussion

La repercusión en las cuotas obrero patronales del manejo de personal por outsourcing en una empresa prestadora de servicios

Seminario: Auditoria: Dictamen IMSS e INFONAVI

Dietary patterns and their relationship with the perceptions of healthy eating in European adolescents : the HELENA study

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns (DPs) in European adolescents and to examine the association between perceptions of healthy eating and the obtained DPs. Method: A multinational cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents aged 12.5 to 17.5?years and 2,027 (44.9% males) were considered for analysis. A self-reported questionnaire with information on food choices and preferences, including perceptions of healthy eating, and two 24-hour dietary recalls were used. Principal component analysis was used to obtain sex-specific DPs, and linear analyses of covariance were used to compare DPs according to perceptions of healthy eating. Results: Three and four DPs for boys and girls were obtained. In boys and girls, there were significant associations between some perceptions about healthy food and the Breakfast-DP (p?<?0.05). In boys, Breakfast-DP and Healthy Beverage-DP were associated with the perception of the own diet as healthy (p?<?0.05). Healthy Beverage-DP was associated with those disliking fruits and vegetables (p?<?0.05). Girls considering the own diet as healthy were associated with Mediterranean-DP, Breakfast-DP, and Unhealthy Beverage and Meat-DP (p?<?0.05). The perception of snacking as a necessary part of a healthy diet was associated with Breakfast-DP in both genders (p?<?0.05). Conclusions: In European adolescents, perceptions of healthy eating were mainly associated with a DP characterized by foods consumed at breakfast. Future studies should further explore these findings in order to implement health promotion programs to improve healthy eating habits in adolescents