Systematic Antenna Design Using the Theory of Characteristic Modes

The day Faraday moved a magnet in and out of a wire loop and detected the time-varying magnetic field, the first wireless transmitter / receiver system was created and the world was changed forever. However, it took almost fifty years for Heinrich Hertz to use Maxwell's equations and Faraday's insights in his professorship at Karlsruhe to create the first electromagnetic wireless communication system using a spark gap dipole transmitter and a loop antenna-based receiver. This simple system utilized the first non-optical human designed electromagnetic antenna, and since then, businesses, researchers, doctoral candidates, and hobbyists have been trying to determine the best way to design antennas for a variety of different applications. In almost all situations, antennas are designed using either intuition, closed-form equations, or information which can be obtained from Maxwell's equations and a set of boundary conditions. This thesis combines these three design techniques into one by using the Theory of Characteristic Modes (TCM). This theory allows for physics-based electromagnetic insights of an object to be obtained and combined with closed-form equations for all real media, limiting the overall design space, and allowing an engineer's intuition to be focused on an area with greater importance to antenna performance. TCM is a unique amalgamation of many different theoretical concepts including Maxwell's equations, Sturm-liouville eigenvalue decomposition, Poynting's theorem, and in practical applications the Method of Moments (MoM). TCM was developed first by Garbacz in 1965 and then popularized by Harrington and Mautz in 1971. Many great researchers have put years of effort and hard work into advancing and popularizing TCM, and this thesis would not exist without the advances provided by these great women and men. The research that led to the initial idea of this thesis was based around the development of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas for hand held devices, as this type of design environment is challenging due to the electrical size of the device and the limited real-estate available. As TCM is uniquely suited for analyzing electrically compact systems which require orthogonal modes of radiation, it was a perfect candidate for studying how it can be better applied to this type of application.The research contained within this thesis, as well as the articles published during the time of this doctoral study, analyze the practical and theoretical applications of TCM and present a set of theoretical proofs, which explain some of the shortcomings pertaining to MoM-based TCM analysis of dielectric or magnetic objects, and provide some solutions to many of these problems. Furthermore, a unique antenna design methodology was developed which allows for electrically compact MIMO terminal antennas to be designed in a fundamentally new way. As TCM provides a unique set of excitation-free attributes, as well as a set of orthogonal surface currents and far-fields, which are determined only by the object's shape and material. These orthogonal attributes can be used to determine how the object's characteristic modes (CMs) relate to a set of closed-form equations. Using the knowledge gained from each CM, and how the CMs link to these equations, small object alterations can be defined and used to adapt and feed the object, creating single or multiple optimized antennas from the object

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT GOVERNING COMMERCIAL GAMBLING AND THE SHAPE OF THE MARKET IN THE SUPPLY AND GAME PARAMETERS OF GAMING MACHINES

This paper has three main purposes. The first sets the controls over the supply and the game parameters of gaming machines within the broader regulatory environment governing commercial gambling in Great Britain. This account notes the tensions that existed prior to the regime introduced by the Gambling Act 2005, but whose legacy continues to present both regulatory and commercial difficulties. Its second purpose is to indicate how these controls have shaped the gaming machine market and the debate around the ways in which the government could realise its policy of striking a balance between the interests of both operators and players. This paper does not address the regulation of online gambling; that is, ‘remote gambling’ by means of ‘remote communication’ (s. 4 of the Gambling Act 2005). Its third purpose is to provide a critical account of the regulatory regime governing the availability of gaming machines as the background against which the Responsible Gambling Trust’s other commissioned contextual papers may be read.The text falls into four sections:An overview of the regulation of machines under the Gaming Act 1968 and of the reasons underlying the structure of the new regimeA summary of the overall regulatory structure of the 2005 ActA descriptive account of the 2005 Act’s regulation of machinespreliminarycommon core definitional features of a ‘gaming machine’the categories of gaming machinesgaming machine licences and permitsconditions and standards for their use4.Some concluding comments on how these arrangements have shaped both the commercial availability of gaming machines and the debate about how the interests of operators and of players can be accommodate

Mice Hemizygous for a Pathogenic Mitofusin-2 Allele Exhibit Hind Limb/Foot Gait Deficits and Phenotypic Perturbations in Nerve and Muscle.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A), the most common axonal form of hereditary sensory motor neuropathy, is caused by mutations of mitofusin-2 (MFN2). Mitofusin-2 is a GTPase required for fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes, repair of damaged mitochondria, efficient mitochondrial energetics, regulation of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum calcium coupling and axonal transport of mitochondria. We knocked T105M MFN2 preceded by a loxP-flanked STOP sequence into the mouse Rosa26 locus to permit cell type-specific expression of this pathogenic allele. Crossing these mice with nestin-Cre transgenic mice elicited T105M MFN2 expression in neuroectoderm, and resulted in diminished numbers of mitochondria in peripheral nerve axons, an alteration in skeletal muscle fiber type distribution, and a gait abnormality

Relação do sangramento puerperal das primeiras 24 horas e o uso de maleato de metilergonovina via oral.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 198

Considerações terapêuticas na doença de Parkison de longa evolução.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 198

Towards High-Throughput, Simultaneous Characterization of Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties

The extension of thermoelectric generators to more general markets requires tha