35 research outputs found

    Quelles pensĂ©e critique et mĂ©talittĂ©ratie des futur·es enseignant·es Ă  l’heure des fausses nouvelles sur le Web social ? Une Ă©tude de cas collective en francophonie

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    Thesis DOI : https://doi.org/10.31237/osf.io/3aufbCette Ă©tude de cas collective porte sur la pensĂ©e critique et les littĂ©raties (informationnelle, numĂ©rique, mĂ©diatique, etc.), apprĂ©hendĂ©es avec le concept de mĂ©talittĂ©ratie, chez des Ă©tudiant·es qui dĂ©butent des Ă©tudes supĂ©rieures et se destinent Ă  la profession d’enseignant·e au secondaire, en histoire. L’objectif est de brosser un portrait de la pensĂ©e critique et de la mĂ©talittĂ©ratie de ces futur·es enseignant·es de la francophonie Ă  l’heure du Web social. La recherche s’inscrit dans un contexte de multiplication des infox (fausses nouvelles ou fake news) et thĂ©ories du complot aux impacts sociopolitiques et sanitaires avĂ©rĂ©s en contexte Ă©lectoral ou de pandĂ©mie. Nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ© aux Ă©tudiant·es de Wallonie (Belgique), de France et du QuĂ©bec (Canada), particuliĂšrement en raison de l’approche adoptĂ©e, dans chacune de ces nations, pour former les futur·es enseignant·es (formation professionnalisante vs formation disciplinaire). Pour mener Ă  bien ce travail, plusieurs objectifs spĂ©cifiques ont Ă©tĂ© convoquĂ©s. Il s’agissait de : i) analyser la qualitĂ© mĂ©trique de versions francophones de tests de mesure de la pensĂ©e critique, sur le plan des habiletĂ©s et des dispositions, ainsi que de l’autoefficacitĂ© en mĂ©talittĂ©ratie ; ii) dĂ©crire le score des enseignant·es en formation initiale en matiĂšre de pensĂ©e critique, notamment en regard de facteurs environnementaux (type de formation, pays d’études, emploi) et personnels (autoefficacitĂ© en pensĂ©e critique et en mĂ©talittĂ©ratie, croyance en la probabilitĂ© de devenir enseignant·e) ; iii) discerner les stratĂ©gies en mĂ©talittĂ©ratie et en pensĂ©e critique de futur·es enseignant·es en Wallonie en France et au QuĂ©bec, lorsqu’ils Ă©voluent sur un mĂ©dia social (ici, Facebook) utilisĂ© en tant qu’environnement personnel d’apprentissage (EPA) numĂ©rique, en regard du type de formation et de certains facteurs environnementaux (perception de l’environnement scolaire et numĂ©rique) et personnels (autoefficacitĂ©). Un dernier objectif spĂ©cifique, transversal aux trois premiers, consistait Ă  (iv) mettre en dialogue des facteurs socioculturels et prendre en considĂ©ration le parcours scolaire dans les perceptions et pratiques reliĂ©es Ă  la mĂ©talittĂ©ratie et Ă  la pensĂ©e critique Ă  l’heure du Web social. La thĂšse suit une prĂ©sentation par articles ; chacun est liĂ© Ă  l’un des trois premiers objectifs spĂ©cifiques, le quatriĂšme Ă©tant donc abordĂ© de façon transversale. OpĂ©rĂ©e dans cinq Ă©tablissements (deux en Wallonie, un en France et deux au QuĂ©bec), cette recherche se fonde sur une mĂ©thodologie de type mixte en deux phases. La phase quantitative a permis la passation de trois tests auprĂšs de 245 futur·es enseignant·es (N = 245). Dans la seconde phase, de nature qualitative, 32 Ă©tudiant·es (n = 32, sĂ©lectionné·es parmi les 245 participant·es) ont participĂ© Ă  des entrevues, notamment pour dĂ©crire plus abondamment les stratĂ©gies connues pour Ă©valuer de l’information. Nous avons aussi observĂ© les pratiques et stratĂ©gies mobilisĂ©es par neuf d’entre eux·elles (n = 9) pour Ă©valuer des documentaires et en discuter sur un mĂ©dia social. Le premier article illustre la complexitĂ© de mesurer la pensĂ©e critique, mais tĂ©moigne de la soliditĂ© psychomĂ©trique de la version francisĂ©e du Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment, un test permettant d’établir un score d’habiletĂ©s de pensĂ©e critique. Par ailleurs, nous faisons l’hypothĂšse que l’autoefficacitĂ© en pensĂ©e critique, prĂ©dicteur significatif des habiletĂ©s, devrait ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©e comme une disposition Ă  la pensĂ©e critique. Nous avons aussi dĂ©veloppĂ© un instrument mesurant l’autoefficacitĂ© pour Ă©valuer l’information selon le concept de mĂ©talittĂ©ratie. Dans un deuxiĂšme article, nous avons tentĂ© de dĂ©finir les meilleurs prĂ©dicteurs au score d’habiletĂ©s en pensĂ©e critique. Un modĂšle linĂ©aire (incluant pays d’étude, type de formation, emploi salariĂ©, ainsi qu’autoefficacitĂ© en pensĂ©e critique et en mĂ©talittĂ©ratie) est significatif, mais la capacitĂ© prĂ©dictive est limitĂ©e. Cependant, il apparaĂźt du troisiĂšme article que les pratiques et stratĂ©gies observĂ©es en contexte rĂ©el ne permettent d’observer que des diffĂ©rences minimes : les Ă©tudiant·es en formation professionnalisante mobiliseraient davantage des stratĂ©gies mĂ©tacognitives et autocritiques quand leurs homologues en formation disciplinaire mobiliseraient plutĂŽt des stratĂ©gies critĂ©riĂ©es. La recherche fait ressortir le rĂŽle potentiellement favorable du rapport Ă  l’emploi actuel et futur d’enseignant·e dans la dĂ©finition d’habiletĂ©s et de dispositions en pensĂ©e critique, associĂ©es Ă  des stratĂ©gies particuliĂšres pour aborder l’information. Les rĂ©sultats appuient le renforcement de l’intĂ©gration de la formation initiale des enseignant·es dans la pratique Ă©ducative et suggĂšrent de soutenir le projet de carriĂšre pour dĂ©velopper des compĂ©tences de pensĂ©e critique. Les forces et limites de la recherche sont discutĂ©es et plusieurs recommandations sont Ă©mises Ă  l’intention de la recherche et du systĂšme Ă©ducatif, au niveau des politiques Ă©ducatives et pratiques scolaires.This collective case study focuses on critical thinking and literacies (informational, digital, media, etc.), understood with the concept of metaliteracy, for students beginning higher education and destined to be secondary school history teachers. The objective is to present a portrait of critical thinking and metaliteracy among these preservice teachers from the French-speaking world, in an era of social networks. The background of the research includes an increasing number of fake- news and conspiracy theories with proven socio-political and health impacts in election or pandemic contexts. We studied students from Wallonia (Belgium), France and QuĂ©bec (Canada), especially because of these nation’s approach to train preservice teachers (vocational training vs disciplinary training). To conduct this project, several specific objectives were formulated. These were: i) to analyse the metric quality of French-version tests quantifying critical thinking skills and dispositions as well as metaliteracy self-efficacy; ii) to describe preservice teacher scores in critical thinking, particularly in respect with environmental (type of training, country of study, employment) and personal (self-efficacy in critical thinking and metaliteracy, belief in the likelihood of becoming teacher) factors; iii) to discriminate between critical thinking and metaliteracy strategies used by preservice teacher in Wallonia, France and Quebec when navigating in a social media (here Facebook) used as digital personal learning environment (PLE) with respect to the type of training and some environmental (perception of the educational and digital environment) and personal (self-efficacy) factors. A last specific objective, transversal to the first three, consisted in iv) engaging socio-cultural factors and taking into account the educational path, in perceptions and practices related to metaliteracy and critical thinking, in the social web era. This thesis follows a presentation by article; each one of them is related to one of the first three objectives, the fourth objective is thus discussed in a transversal way. Carried on five establishments (two in Wallonia, one in France and two in Quebec), this research is based on a two-phase mixed methodology. The quantitative phase involved three tests conducted on 245 preservice teachers (N = 245). During the second phase, the qualitative one, 32 students (n = 32, selected among the 245 participants) were interviewed, particularly to describe known strategies to evaluate information. In addition, we observed practices and strategies mobilized by nine of them (n = 9) to evaluate information from documentaries and discuss it on a social media. The first article illustrates the complexity of critical thinking measurements but demonstrates the psychometric robustness of the French version of the Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment test, a test for scoring critical thinking skills. Furthermore, we postulate that critical thinking self- efficacy, significant predictor of skills, should be considered as a disposition to critical thinking. We have also developed an indicator measuring self-efficacy in terms of metaliteracy. In a second article, we tried to define the best predictors of critical thinking skills scores. A linear model (including country of study, type of training, employment as well as self-efficacy in critical thinking and metaliteracy) is statistically significant although with limited predictive capability. However, strategies and practices described in the third article and observed in real-life context show only minimal differences between used strategies: it seems that students following a vocational training would more likely mobilize metacognitive and self-critical strategies when their counterparts in disciplinary training use more criterion-referenced strategies. The research highlights the positive role of relationship to current and prospective employment of preservice teachers in defining critical thinking skills and dispositions, combined with specific strategies for dealing with information. The results support the increase of preservice teacher training integration into educational practice and suggests the support of career planning to develop critical thinking skills. Strength and limitations of the research are discussed and several recommendations are offered for research project and educational system, in terms of educational policy and school practices

    A transnational comparative study of preservice teachers’ critical thinking skills and metaliteracy self-efficacy

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    Purpose. While training students to new literacy and critical thinking has been recognized for several decades, it seems even more crucial today as education is presented as a lever to fight against fake news. Preservice teachers, both so-called digital natives at the cutting edge of the social web and tomorrow’s educators, represent a useful object of study. Methodology. Using a quantitative methodology, this article is part of sequential mixed design research aiming to describe the level of preservice teachers’ (n = 245) critical thinking in three French-speaking nations: Wallonia, France, and Quebec. We aimed to see to what extent critical thinking skills (measured with a translated version of the Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment; Halpern, 2016) can notably be influenced by metaliteracy self-efficacy. Metaliteracy is a concept that aims to join information, digital, and media literacy providing a comprehensive framework “for engaging with individuals and ideas in digital environments” (Mackey and Jacobson, 2011, p. 70). Findings. We establish the influence of individual determinants such as the feelings of self-efficacy in metaliteracy as well as the belief in the likelihood of becoming a teacher. We propose a model predicting the critical thinking skills based on selfefficacy in critical thinking and metaliteracy, the type of training, and the interaction between employment and the country of study. Originality. Considering contemporary information issues and infodemic phenomena, critical thinking skills should be developed among preservice teachers. There is a significant positive correlation between metaliteracy self-efficacy and critical thinking skills. Pre-service teachers’ country of study, as well as their training trajectory, seems to influence their critical thinking skills. Involvement in professional life also appears to promote critical thinking skills

    Au-delĂ  de l’utilitarisme, vers une refondation des modĂšles de compĂ©tences informationnelles

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    Version de prĂ©-publication.Depuis une quarantaine d’annĂ©es, l’extraordinaire bond technologique, mĂ©diatique et informationnel a bouleversĂ© le rapport des individus aux objets de communication. Pour y faire face, plusieurs institutions du monde anglo-saxon ont apprĂ©hendĂ© le sujet comme une nouvelle littĂ©ratie Ă  enseigner Ă  l’usager·Úre, particuliĂšrement en termes d’habiletĂ©s. Depuis les annĂ©es 1990, la recherche francophone a toutefois vu se dĂ©velopper le concept de culture informationnelle qui amĂšne Ă  interroger davantage le rapport individuel et collectif vis-Ă -vis de l’information. Quoique ces deux traditions conceptuelles mettent l’accent sur des enjeux diffĂ©rents, l’interdĂ©pendance des questions soulevĂ©es semble prise en compte dans de nouvelles modĂ©lisations. Au premier chef, la translittĂ©ratie et, surtout, la mĂ©talittĂ©ratie peuvent se prĂ©senter comme la pierre angulaire d’une refondation des compĂ©tences sur des bases qui fĂ©dĂ©reraient les littĂ©ratie et culture informationnelles

    Métalittératie et pensée critique de futurs enseignants : pratiques et perceptions en francophonie

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    La pensĂ©e critique et la capacitĂ© Ă  aborder l’information sont apparues comme Ă©tant cruciales au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, particuliĂšrement en raison du rĂŽle dĂ©lĂ©tĂšre, rĂ©el ou supposĂ©, des mĂ©dias sociaux. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  cet enjeu, le rĂŽle de l’éducation et, par consĂ©quent, des enseignants apparaĂźt central. Dans cet article, nous rapportons les observations rĂ©alisĂ©es auprĂšs de futurs enseignants en formation initiale dans une activitĂ© de visionnement et de dĂ©bat sur un groupe social Facebook. GrĂące Ă  une vidĂ©ocapture (screencasting) et un protocole de pensĂ©e Ă  voix haute, nous avons Ă©tĂ© en mesure de documenter les pratiques de pensĂ©e critique et les stratĂ©gies de mĂ©talittĂ©ratie (un concept englobant des compĂ©tences telles que la littĂ©ratie informationnelle et numĂ©rique) d’enseignants en formation en Wallonie, en France et au QuĂ©bec (n = 9). Avec une sĂ©rie d’entrevues (n = 32), nous avons pu mettre en contraste ces stratĂ©gies avec les stratĂ©gies dĂ©clarĂ©es comme Ă©tant connues. Les Ă©tudiants en formation professionnalisante mobiliseraient davantage des stratĂ©gies mĂ©tacognitives et autocritiques tandis que celles et ceux en formation disciplinaire mobiliseraient plutĂŽt des stratĂ©gies dites critĂ©riĂ©es. Quel que soit le type de formation, on recense moins de stratĂ©gies mobilisĂ©es que de stratĂ©gies connues.Critical thinking and the ability to deal with information appeared to be crucial in the last few years, especially given the deleterious role of social media, real or perceived. To address this issue, the role of education and, therefore, of teachers, appears to be central. In this article, we present observations made on preservice teachers in an activity including video viewing and debate on a Facebook social group. Using screen-casting and a protocol requesting thinking aloud, we were able to document the critical thinking practices and metaliteracy (a concept encompassing skills such as informational and digital literacies) strategies of preservice teachers in Wallonia, France and QuĂ©bec (n = 9). Through a series of interviews (n = 32), we could contrast these strategies with those reported as known. Students in vocational training would more likely mobilize metacognitive and self-critical strategies whereas those in disciplinary training would rather mobilize so-called criterion-referenced strategies. Regardless of the type of training, there are fewer mobilized strategies than known strategies

    Preservice Teachers’ Critical Thinking and Metaliteracy Skills and Strategies

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    Doctoral research conducted in Wallonia (Belgium), France and Quebec (Canada)

    Baron, G.-L. et Depover, C. (dir.). (2019). Les effets du numĂ©rique sur l’éducation : regards sur une saga contemporaine. Presses universitaires du Septentrion

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    Cet ouvrage collectif tente de retracer la « saga » de l’intĂ©gration du numĂ©rique en Ă©ducation. Pour ce faire, le livre est structurĂ© autour de deux grands axes qui en constituent les parties : 1) les effets du numĂ©rique en Ă©ducation ; 2) des « regards croisĂ©s »

    Evolution of Concepts Related to Information Literacy

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    De l’utilisation contrainte de la formation Ă  distance Ă  la « normalisation » des pratiques ? Une Ă©tude de cas Ă  l’UniversitĂ© de Moncton, campus de Shippagan

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    La formation Ă  distance (FAD) a Ă©tĂ© implantĂ©e « à marche forcĂ©e » et de façon massive dans les universitĂ©s au cours de la pandĂ©mie. Cet article montre que des perceptions sur les instruments mobilisĂ©s en FAD ont Ă©tĂ© passablement affectĂ©es. En effet, si les enseignants et enseignantes semblent se reconnaĂźtre une plus grande compĂ©tence Ă  mettre en pratique la FAD, il reste que leur acceptation des technologies et la valeur accordĂ©e Ă  leur usage, notamment, se sont affaissĂ©es Ă  l’occasion du retour en prĂ©sentiel. Si cela ne se traduit pas par un rejet pur et simple du distanciel, un rĂ©Ă©quilibrage semble toutefois demandĂ© par les enseignants et enseignantes.By necessity, distance learning (DL) was implemented broadly and rapidly in universities during the pandemic crisis. This article shows that this had a significant impact on how distance-learning tools were perceived. Although teachers now feel somewhat more competent in implementing DL, their acceptance of DL technology and the value they place on its use have subsided with the return to the classroom. While this does not mean that teachers are simply rejecting distance learning, they seem to be seeking a new balance
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