Uticaj glifosata na biološke karakteristike kanadske Hudoljetnice (Erigeron canadensis L.)

From 268 weed biotypes identified as glyphosate resistant in the world, even 39 belong to the Erigeron canadensis L. species. Tests were conducted on two canadian horseweed biotypes, after application of a different glyphosate amounts. Glyphosate was applied at 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440 g a.i.ha-1. Biotypes were classified, based on the preliminary screening test, in the group of potentially sensitive. The quantities of chlorophyll a and b, in the reference and tested biotypes, have a decreasing trend with the increase of the glyphosate application amount. The lower application amount of glyphosate (90 and 180 g a.i.ha-1) resulted in the decreased production of carotenoids. Increased production of carotenoids was measured in the implementation of the duplicate and recommended amount of glyphosate (720 and 1440 g a. i. ha-1).Od utvrđenih 268 populacija korova rezistentnih na glifosat u svetu, 39 populacija pripada vrsti Erigeron canadensis L. Ispitivanja su izvedena na korovskim populacijama kanadske hudoljetnice, nakon primene niza količina glifosata. Glifosat je primenjen u količinama: 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440 g a.s.ha-1. Na osnovu preliminarnog screening testa izvršena je klasifikacija populacija u grupu potencijalno osetljivih. Utvrđene količine hlorofila a i b, u referentnoj kao i u ispitivanoj populaciji, imaju trend smanjivanja sa povećanjem količine primene glifosata. Niže količine primene glifosata (90 i 180 g a.s.ha-1) uticale su na smanjenu produkciju karotenoida. Povećana produkcija karotenoida je izmerena pri primeni preporučene i duple količine glifosata (720 i 1440 g a.s.ha-1 )

Korovi na degradiranom fudbalskom terenu

This paper presents a floristic and biological analysis of weed flora on degraded football field in the village of Konak. There was a large number of weed species present due to the cessation of the use of the playground and its maintenance. During the vegetation period in 2014, it was concluded that a total of 19 weed species. In analyzed weed flora, there are representatives from 14 families, of which the most common representatives of the family Asteraceae (15.79%). Analysis of the overall biological spectrum of the test area indicates the dominance hemikryptophytes (42.11%). The greatest number of plant species belongs to ruderal (42.11%), followed by weed (31.58%) and weed-ruderal species (26.31%).U radu je prikazana floristička i biološka analiza korovske flore na degradiranom fudbalskom terenu u naselju Konak. Utvrđena je brojnost korovskih vrsta, prisutnih usled prestanka upotrebe igrališta i njegovog održavanja. Tokom vegetacionog perioda 2014. godine, konstatovano je ukupno 19 korovskih vrsta. U analiziranoj korovskoj flori, prisutni su predstavnici iz 14 familija, od čega su najzastupljeniji predstavnici familije Asteraceae sa 15,79%. Analiza ukupnog biološkog spektra ispitivanog područja ukazuje na dominaciju hemikriptofita (42,11%). Od ukupnog broja prisutnih vrsta najveći broj pripada ruderalnim (42,11%), zatim korovskim (31,58%) i korovsko-ruderalnim (26,31%)

Suzbijanje korova u proizvodnji travnih busena

The occurrence of weeds in turfgrass production have a negative impact, they reduce yield, quality and profitability of grass mass production. During 2013, in turfgrass production JKP Gradsko zelenilo Novi Sad, the presence and abundance of weed species have been analyzed. Weed control was conducted applying the herbicide fluroxypyrmeptyl- heptyl in an amount of 1.5 l ha-1. The most common were the following weed species: Trifolium repens L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Veronica hederifolia L., Taracaxum officinale Web., Consolida regalis Gray., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. High efficiency of applied herbicides on present broadleaf weed species was estimated.Pojava korova u proizvodnji travnih busena ima negativan uticaj, jer smanjuju prinos, kvalitet travne mase i rentabilnost proizvodnje. U proizvodnji travnih busena JKP Gradsko zelenilo Novi Sad, tokom 2013.godine izvršene su analize prisutnosti i brojnosti korovskih vrsta. Suzbijanje korova je rađeno primenom herbicida fluroksipir-meptil-heptil u količini od 1,5 l ha-1. Najzastupljenije su bile sledeće korovske vrste: Trifolium repens L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Veronica hederifolia L., Taracaxum officinale Web., Consolida regalis Gray., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Ocenjena je visoka efikasnost primenjenog herbicida na prisutne širokolisne korovske vrste

Prisustvo urea herbicida u kanalskoj vodi

The LC-MS/MS analysis of canal water from Čelarevo and Vrbas was performed for the urea herbicides (chlorotoluron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, isoproturon, linuron, metabromuron and methabenzthiazuron) residue content from December 2012 to June 2013, with isoproturn-d6 as an internal standard. The herbicides extraction was done by OASIS HLB columns, with the linear coeficcients higher than 0.99 and LOQs of 0.020 μg/L. All the detected concentrations were below maximum acceptable concentrations ( MACs).Izvršena je LC-MS/MS analiza uzoraka kanalske vode, uzorkovane kod Čelareva i Vrbasa u periodu od decembra 2012. do juna 2013. godine, na sadržaj urea herbicida (hlorotoluron, dimefuron, diuron, etudimuron, izoproturon, linuron, metabromuron i metabenztiazuron) uz izoproturon-d6 kao interni standard. Ekstrakcija herbicida izvedena je na OASIS HLB kolonama, sa koeficijentom linearnosti ispitivanih herbicida višim od 0,99 i postignutim LOQ od 0,020 μg/L. Detektovane vrednosti pesticida bile su ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih koncentracija (MDK)

Implementacija direktive EU 495/2015 u praćenju kvaliteta vode Dunava

The Directive of the EU 495/2015 concerning the list of pesticides, the monitoring of which is necessary in the estimation of ecological water quality, includes neonicotinoids, as well. By the LC-MS/MS analysis of the samples from the Danube the residues of thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and imidacloprid were detected. The detection of insecticides from the neonicotinoid group points at the necessity of the implementation of the Directive in the water quality monitoring.Direktiva EU 495/2015 na listu pesticida čije praćnje je neophodno u proceni ekološkog kvalitata voda, uključuje i neonikotinoide. LC-MS/MS analizom uzoraka Dunava, detektovani su ostaci tiametoksama, acetamiprida i imidakloprida. Detektovanjem insekticida iz grupe neonikotinoida, ukazuje se na potrebu implementacije ove direktive pri praćenju kvaliteta vode

Skrining metoda ostataka pesticida u pčelama

The losses of bee colonies are of alarming proportion not only for bee-keepers and honey consumers but for agricultural production and the market itself as well. Since 2006, honey bees and other pollinators throughout the world have experienced ongoing and rapid population declines. The continuation of this crisis threatens the stability of ecosystems, the economy and our food supply, as one in three bites of food are dependent on pollinator services. The extraction and purification of bees samples were done by the QuEChERS method. The obtained extracts were analyzed by GC-MS, screening analysis of bees to the content of 927 pesticides.Gubici pčelinjih društava su alarmantni ne samo za pčelara i potrošače meda, nego za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju uopšte. Od 2006. godine, pčele i drugi oprašivači širom sveta doživnjavaju stalan i veoma brz pad populacije. Nastavak ove krize, ugrožava stabilnost ekosistema, privrede i proizvodnju hrane, usled njihove zavisnosti od polinatora. U radu su analizirani uzorci uginulih pčela ekstrahovani i prečišćeni QuEChERS metodom, dok su dobijeni ekstrakti analizirani GC-MS skrining metodom na sadržaj 927 pesticida

Whole-Farm Revenue Protection as a Factor of Economic Stability in Crop Production

Crop production is largely unprotected and exposed to a great number of production factors. On the other hand, farmers are exposed to fluctuations in the market prices of their products every year, which often has a negative impact on the profits made. There are various risk management measures in plant production, and insurance is certainly one of the most effective instruments. One of the recent insurance models is Whole-Farm Revenue Insurance (WFRP), which is an American insurance model that has been applied since 2015. The essence of WFRP is to ensure that all crops on the farm are secured against production and market risks with only one policy. The aim of the research in this paper is to present WFRP as an entirely new model of revenue insurance on the example of a typical Serbian farm specializing in crop production. The WFRP model works by determining the insured revenue before the start of the production year. If at the end of the production year, for any reason, the realized revenue falls below the level of insured revenue, the farmer is entitled to indemnification. Due to the drought that hit the region where the analyzed farm is located, the yields were reduced, and thus the expected revenue was also reduced, and the farmer was entitled to damages of $5697. On the other hand, it is the farmer's obligation to pay$373 to the insurer as a risk transfer fee. The authors proved that even such complex insurance models can be applied in countries such as Serbia, where awareness of the importance of insurance of agricultural production is still not developed

Određivanje linurona u kamilici LC-MS/MS tehnikom i QuEChERS metodom ekstrakcije

Linuron is a selective herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds. Its mode of action is the inhibition of photosynthesis. The QuEChERS method for extraction of linuron residues from chamomile was used. The LC–MS/MS method was used for determination of linuron residues. Its linearity was studied in a range of 0.025-0.50 μg/ml using matrix-matched calibration, and the determination coefficient (R2) was higher than 0.99. Blank chamomile samples were spiked with linuron solution at three concentration levels yielding recoveries of over 90%. The internal standard added in all samples was isoproturon–d6. There were no linuron residues in chamomile flowers, while the residues ranged from 0.010 to 0.040 mg/kg in the flower stalk samples.Linuron je selektivni herbicid, koji se koristi za suzbijanje širokolisnih korova. Njegov mehanizam delovanja je inhibicija fotosinteze (fotosistema II). Za ekstrakciju ostataka linurona iz uzoraka kamilice korišćena je QuEChERS metoda. Određivanje nivoa ostataka linurona vršeno je tečnom hromatografijom sa masenim spektroskopijom. Linearnost metode je ispitivana u opsegu koncentracija od 0.025 – 0.50 μg/ml, korišćenjem metode kalibracije u matriksu, pri čemu je koeficijent određivanja (R2) bio veći od 0.99. Tačnost metode je ispitivana obogaćivanjem kontrolnih uzoraka kamilice na tri koncentraciona nivoa. Prinos ekstrakcije je bio preko 90 %. Interni standard korišćen za analizu je bio izoproturon-D6. U cvetu kamilice nisu nađeni ostaci linurona, dok su u uzorcima drške bili u opsegu od 0.010-0.040 mg/kg