Guilherme Santos Collection in the Rio de Janeiro Museum of Image and Sound: A Three-Dimensional City (1908-1957)

This paper aims to present Guilherme Santos’ historical stereoscopic collection, which belongs to the Rio de Janeiro Museum of Image and Sound. As an amateur photographer, Santos widely registered the city of Rio de Janeiro between 1909 and 1957 and his stereoscopic collection is considered one of the most important in Brazil. The historical period in which he developed his work is characterised by the restructuring of Rio de Janeiro as a bourgeois metropolis. The modernised daily life and the new signs of development in the country’s former capital were intensely recorded by Santos during his photography trajectory. As an enthusiast of social life, he was constantly cataloguing the most diverse events, different touristic places and the exuberant nature of the “wonderful city”. Playing the role of a cultural representation of his time, Santos’ photographs give important clues of the shaping of a typically bourgeois lifestyle in Rio de Janeiro.   &nbsp

Whose victory?: the conflict between philosophical scepticism and belief in Conrad's Victory

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1981

New England farmers meet immigrant needs

A multi-institution agricultural collaborative is researching ways to help Massachusetts farmers grow and market local immigrants’ favorite home-country vegetables. In a related effort, immigrants are learning techniques for being successful farmers themselves.Immigrants - New England ; Agriculture - New England

O sobrenome como consequência da posse do estado de filiação na parentalidade socioafetiva

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a necessidade e a possibilidade de ser ampliado o reconhecimento pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro de todos os direitos inerentes à posse do estado de filiação, em específico, do direito à retificação do sobrenome do indivíduo para que em seu Registro conste os nomes daqueles que enxerga como pais. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método de procedimento monográfico. O método de abordagem adotado é o dedutivo e a técnica de documentação é indireta, realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. De início, apresenta-se a origem histórica do nome, bem como as teorias acercas de sua natureza jurídica e a tutela atualmente oferecida pela legislação brasileira. A seguir, vê-se alguns desafios que se apresentam à essa tutela clássica com a dinamização das relações sociais e a constitucionalização do Direito ocorrida após a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, como a questão da retificação do Registro Civil de pessoa transexual, para que lá conste o nome social por ela utilizado, e a posse do estado de filho. Na terceira etapa, são analisadas as soluções intrasistemáticas que podem ser utilizadas pelo aplicador do Direito, bem como aquelas já utilizadas pelos Tribunais de Justiça nacionais

Elastic Mothers at a Crossroad: A Qualitative and Semiotic Analysis of Motherhood in Advertising in Toronto and São Paulo

This paper presents the key findings of my doctoral research, which argued that advertising reproduces and reinforces culturally constructed maternal ideals. To do so, I investigated three research issues: first, what meanings are associated with being a mother today; second, what maternal ideals are predominant within advertising messages and imagery; and third, how mothers and pregnant women negotiate these advertising signs. My theoretical-methodological framework includes semiotic and psychoanalytic concepts and qualitative research with mothers and pregnant women. The Canadian research corpus includes advertisements, published from 2010 to 2013 in Parents Canada, Canadian Family and Today’s Parent magazines. The Brazilian research corpus includes advertisements, published from 2006 to 2013, in Pais e Filhos and Crescer magazines. I interviewed pregnant women and mothers with children up to eight years of age in Toronto and in São Paulo, to explore how they perceive themselves as mothers and what they think about these advertisements. The advertising analysis aims at identifying thematic groups of advertisements with similar characteristics (maternal representations, images, messages, sales appeals and cultural ideals). I begin this paper by highlighting contextual similarities and differences related to being a mother today in São Paulo and in Toronto. Next, I present key findings obtained from the semiotic analysis of Brazilian and Canadian advertising. To do so, I introduce main ideas from different scholars, which inspired my work. Then, I summarize the thematic groups of advertisements mapped in Brazil, followed by a more detailed analysis of the Canadian advertising. Finally, I conclude by summing up the most important findings obtained in Canada, in contrast to Brazil

Implementación de tareas en Educación Primaria en Portugal

Maria Isabel Mendonça Orega. School of Education and Communication, University of Algarve and CETAPSRecepción: 22/02/2019 | Aceptado: 30/04/2019Correspondencia a través de ORCID: María Isabel Mendonça - 0000-0001-9995-4127This paper refers to the work of the students doing the Master’s in Teaching English in Primary Education, taught at the University of Algarve. The study plan of the degree will be presented focusing on the components regarding observation in schools and the teaching practice, namely the courses Introduction to the Professional Practice, in the first year of the degree, and the Practicum in the first semester of the second year. A task-based approach is recommended in the main guiding documents, on both the teaching of English in general, and the Primary Education context, (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, 2001; Cameron, 2001; Thomas & Reinders, (eds.), 2010; Richards & Rodgers, (3rd. ed.), 2014; Bygate, M. (2015). Nevertheless, most of the textbooks used in the schools offer few suggestions of tasks and focus on more traditional language activities. As a result, the teachers have a very important role in the implementation of a task-based approach. They are responsible for deciding on how to plan the lessons and how to think of the necessary changes and adaptations, in order to be able to work from a task-based perspective.Resumen: Este artículo se refiere al trabajo de los estudiantes del Máster en Enseñanza del Inglés en Educación Primaria de la Universidad del Algarve. Se presentará el plan de estudios del grado enfocándose en los componentes relacionados con la observación en las escuelas y las prácticas, es decir, los cursos de Introducción a la Práctica Profesional, en el primer año de la licenciatura y el Prácticum en el primer semestre del segundo año. Se recomienda un enfoque basado en tareas en los principales documentos rectores, tanto en la enseñanza del inglés en general, como en el contexto de la Educación Primaria, (Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas, 2001; Cameron, 2001; Thomas & Reinders, (eds.), 2010; Richards y Rodgers, (3ª. ed.), 2014; Bygate, M. (2015). Sin embargo, la mayoría de los libros utilizados en las escuelas ofrecen algunas sugerencias de tareas y se centran en actividades más tradicionales para la enseñanza de las lenguas. Como resultado, los profesores tienen un papel muy importante en la aplicación del enfoque basado en tareas. Son responsables por decidir cómo planificar las clases y pensar en cómo hacer los cambios y adaptaciones necesarios para trabajar en una perspectiva basada en tareas

Changes in the saliva proteome of pigs with diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli

Infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli is one of the main causes of diarrhoea in pigs and currently represents a significant problem for producers. Saliva is a fluid that can be collected by non-invasive, non-stressful methods and contains analytes that change in disease. These changes can provide information on the pathophysiology of the disease and can be used as an aid to diagnosis or monitoring of therapy. The objective of the present work aims to identify potential alterations in the salivary proteome of pigs with diarrhoea caused by E. coli. For that reason, we used two groups of Large White post-weaning pigs, one control group and other infected group (E. coli group). We took samples of saliva from both groups and after we used two techniques for protein separation by isoelectric point/molecular mass and molecular mass. These are 2-DE gel electrophoresis and SDS PAGE, respectively. In addition to these techniques, a more sophisticated technique was used for protein identification called mass spectrometry. The total concentration of proteins in the infected group was three times higher than the control group. In the SDS-PAGE analysis, we have higher levels of salivary lipocalins and IgA bands and, in contrast, lower levels of odorant-binding proteins, protease inhibitor from the submandibular origin and prolactin inducible protein. In the two-dimensional profile analysis, we have higher levels of salivary lipocalins, adenosine deaminase, IgA bands and albumin peptides and, in contrast, lower levels of alpha- amylase, carbonic anhydrase, carbonate dehydratase VI and whole albumin. After this, a validation test was made in which pigs with diarrhoea by Escherichia coli had considerably greater levels of salivary adenosine deaminase activity in comparison to the control group (healthy group). Regarding this study, some of these proteins play a important role in physiological processes and in physiological/pathological conditions, it has been observed that these proteins suffer alterations at salivary proteome level. For this reason, it is possible to say that these techniques are used to identify new biomarkers in saliva which contributes for the discovery of new alternative diagnoses of diseases in the future; - Resumo: Alterações no Proteoma da Saliva de Suínos com Diarreia Causada por Escherichia coli - A infeção pela bactéria Gram-negativa Escherichia coli é uma das principais causas de diarreia em suínos e representa atualmente um problema significativo para os produtores. A saliva é um fluido que pode ser recolhido por métodos não invasivos e não stressantes e que contém analitos que se alteram em caso de doença. Estas alterações podem fornecer informações sobre a fisiopatologia da doença e podem ser utilizadas como auxiliares de diagnóstico ou na monitorização da terapêutica. O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar potenciais alterações no proteoma salivar de suínos com diarreia causada por E. coli. Para tal, utilizámos dois grupos de suínos Large White pós-desmame, um grupo de controlo e outro grupo infetado (grupo E. coli). Recolhemos amostras de saliva de ambos os grupos e depois utilizámos duas técnicas de separação de proteínas, sendo elas a SDS-PAGE e a eletroforese bidimensional. Para além destas técnicas, foi utilizada uma técnica para a identificação de proteínas, denominada espetrometria de massa. A concentração total de proteínas no grupo infetado foi três vezes superior à do grupo de controlo. Na análise de SDS-PAGE, temos níveis mais elevados de lipocalinas salivares e bandas de IgA e, em contrapartida, níveis mais baixos de proteínas ligadoras de odorantes, inibidor de protease de origem submandibular e proteína induzível por prolactina. Na análise do perfil bidimensional, temos níveis mais elevados de lipocalinas salivares, adenosina deaminase, bandas de IgA e péptidos de albumina e, em contrapartida, níveis mais baixos de alfa-amilase, anidrase carbónica, carbonato desidratase VI e albumina total. Em seguida, foi efetuado um teste de validação em que os suínos com diarreia por Escherichia coli apresentavam níveis consideravelmente mais elevados de atividade da adenosina deaminase salivar em comparação com o grupo de controlo (grupo saudável). Relativamente a este estudo, algumas destas proteínas desempenham um papel importante em processos fisiológicos e em condições fisiológicas/patológicas, foi observado que estas proteínas sofrem alterações ao nível do proteoma salivar. Por esta razão, é possível afirmar que estas técnicas são valiosas para a identificação de novos biomarcadores na saliva que contribuem para a descoberta de novos diagnósticos alternativos de doenças no futuro

Small subunit ribosomal metabarcoding reveals extraordinary trypanosomatid diversity in Brazilian bats

Background: Bats are a highly successful, globally dispersed order of mammals that occupy a wide array of ecological niches. They are also intensely parasitized and implicated in multiple viral, bacterial and parasitic zoonoses. Trypanosomes are thought to be especially abundant and diverse in bats. In this study, we used 18S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding to probe bat trypanosome diversity in unprecedented detail. Methodology/Principal Findings: Total DNA was extracted from the blood of 90 bat individuals (17 species) captured along Atlantic Forest fragments of Espírito Santo state, southeast Brazil. 18S ribosomal RNA was amplified by standard and/or nested PCR, then deep sequenced to recover and identify Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) for phylogenetic analysis. Blood samples from 34 bat individuals (13 species) tested positive for infection by 18S rRNA amplification. Amplicon sequences clustered to 14 OTUs, of which five were identified as Trypanosoma cruzi I, T. cruzi III/V, Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei, Trypanosoma rangeli, and Trypanosoma dionisii, and seven were identified as novel genotypes monophyletic to basal T. cruzi clade types of the New World. Another OTU was identified as a trypanosome like those found in reptiles. Surprisingly, the remaining OTU was identified as Bodo saltans–closest non-parasitic relative of the trypanosomatid order. While three blood samples featured just one OTU (T. dionisii), all others resolved as mixed infections of up to eight OTUs. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates the utility of next-generation barcoding methods to screen parasite diversity in mammalian reservoir hosts. We exposed high rates of local bat parasitism by multiple trypanosome species, some known to cause fatal human disease, others non-pathogenic, novel or yet little understood. Our results highlight bats as a long-standing nexus among host-parasite interactions of multiple niches, sustained in part by opportunistic and incidental infections of consequence to evolutionary theory as much as to public health. Author summary: Bats make up a mega-diverse, intensely parasitized order of volant mammals whose unique behavioural and physiological adaptations promote infection by a vast array of microorganisms. Trypanosomes stand out as ancient protozoan parasites of bats. As cryptic morphology, low parasitaemia and selective growth in culture have recurrently biased survey, we used 18S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding to resolve bat trypanosomatid diversity in Atlantic Forest fragments of southeast Brazil. Next to several unknown species, our deep sequence-based detection and assignment protocol recognized multiple known human-pathogenic trypanosomes, another linked to reptile hosts as well as a non-parasitic kinetoplastid in the blood of various phyllostomid bats. The striking permissivity exposed here, in a region where bat trypanosomes recently featured in a fatal case of Chagas disease, compels further research on bats’ role in the dispersal and spill-over of various microorganisms among humans and wildlife

Anticancer activity of lichen substances: a systematic review

Os líquenes são fonte de uma grande variedade de metabolitos secundários, frequentemente exclusivos desta associação, com actividades biológicas importantes como a antibiótica, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e anticancerígena, entre outras. A evidência científica demonstra que os efeitos anticancerígenos dos líquenes se produzem através da inibição da iniciação, crescimento e invasão de vários tipos de células cancerígenas in vitro e in vivo. Foi efectuada uma revisão sistemática da actividade anticancerígena e dos mecanismos de acção de extractos e respectivas substâncias isoladas de líquenes. Os termos “lichen”, “tumo(u)r” e “cancer” foram utilizados para pesquisar artigos científicos no PubMed e Web of Science publicados até dezembro de 2018. De um total de 368 artigos pesquisados, 142 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos. O ácido úsnico foi a substância liquénica isolada mais vezes e citada em 40 artigos. A espécie de líquene mais utilizada, citada em 9 artigos, foi Evernia prunastri (L.) Nyl. Os extractos e substâncias liquénicas têm a capacidade de interferir com todas as propriedades biológicas das células cancerígenas que conduzem ao desenvolvimento de tumores, da seguinte forma: indução da inibição do ciclo celular, inibição das vias de sinalização do crescimento celular, activação da imunidade antitumoral, bloqueio da imortalidade replicativa por inibição da actividade da telomerase, inibição da inflamação, inibição da invasão e metástase, bloqueio da angiogénese, supressão da instabilidade do genoma, induzindo morte celular por apoptose, autofagia e necrose, e modulação do metabolismo energético. Muitas substâncias liquénicas revelaram-se eficazes contra muitos tipos de linhas celulares cancerígenas, quer isoladas quer em combinação com outros agentes anticancerígenos, e constituem por isso bons candidatos ao desenvolvimento de fármacos anticancerígenos.Lichens are a source of a great variety of unique secondary metabolites with important biological activities, including antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer, among others. A large body of research has demonstrated anticancer effects of lichens by inhibition of initiation, growth and invasion of several cancer cell types in vitro and in vivo. We performed a systematic review of the anticancer activity and mechanisms of action of lichen extracts and substances isolated from lichens. The search terms “lichen”, “tumo(u)r” and “cancer” were used to retrieve articles in PubMed and Web of Science published until December 2018. From a total of 368 articles surveyed, 142 met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most commonly isolated lichen substance was usnic acid, cited in 40 research articles. The species more frequently used was Evernia prunastri (L.) Nyl., cited in 9 research articles. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen substances are able to interfere with all currently recognized biological capabilities necessary for tumour growth and progression. They do so by inducing cell cycle arrest, inhibiting growth factor signalling, activating anti-tumour immunity, disabling replicative immortality by inhibiting telomerase activity, inhibiting tumour-promoting inflammation, inhibiting invasion and metastasis, blocking angiogenesis, supressing genome instability, inducing apoptotic, autophagic and necrotic cell death, and modulating energy metabolism. Many lichen substances have proved effective against many types of cancer cell lines, either isolated or in combination with other anticancer agents, and are therefore suitable candidates for anticancer drug development