Espardenyers i musics?. Una aproximació als oficis dels músics montblanquins (1844-1936)

Aproximació a la relació entre els músics montblanquins del segle XIX i inicis del XX i els seus oficis, bàsicament menestrals, i se'n estudia l'evolució. Així, i a mesura que avança el segle, es comprova com la proporció de músics artesans va decreixent i augmenten els músics amb altres oficis dins els sectors industrials i altres serveis. Comprovarem que les ocupacions més nombroses són, en primer lloc, la de sabater i ,en segon lloc, la d'espardenyer. També s'explica la forta cohesió social interna que es buscaba tant dins de l'agrupació instrumental com dins del mateix gremi, fet que afavoria la fortalesa dels nuclis familiars dins de les orquestres

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective