ALGORITHM FOR GENERALIZED GARMAN EQUATION IN OPTION PRICING OF A FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES WITH STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODELS

In our paper we build a reccurence from generalized Garman equation and discretization of 3-dimensional domain. From reccurence we build an algorithm for computing values of an option based on time, momentan volatility of support and value of support on afinancial derivatives, Black-Scholes PDE, Garman PDE, reccurence, algorithm

TEACHING TRIP AND EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE

The teaching trip, as organizational form of teaching, is situated at the border between formal and non-formal education. An adequate teaching scenario for a teaching trip can place this activity in the field of formal education definitely. In educational terms, non-formal educational trip makes from itself, an attractive, dynamic and consistent activity, strongly influenced by technical memo elements, which combines intuitive scientific argument, rigorously and systematically. The paper aims to implement in an unitary teaching scenario, the attractive and spectacular elements specific to the educational trip, with the ones of formal teaching, leading to a logical project of educational software, which constitutes a turning point in the designing learning programs. The teaching scenario of the learning program allows to the student, to approach scientific context of the lesson, intuitive initially, afterwards using traditional teaching methods and procedures, as exposure, demonstration, explanation and also, to be presented the scientific content to the student, systematically and organized. The learning program creates a virtual scientific space and allows the student to explore and discover new content elements in a logical and intuitive context. Prospective manner places the student at the center of cognitive context, maintaining and feeding its interest for scientific content. The logical sequence of content elements generates a succession of visual frames for the virtual scientific space of the lesson. This script element of didactic scenario is inspired from the trip didactic. The teacher, who intervenes with rigorous explanations supported with audio, video or text format arguments, is the guide of the student in the virtual space of lesson. A return in similar contextual frame offers the possibility of implementation, a sequential feedback and formative assessment, in the learning program. The new manner of designing the learning programs, presented in the paper, allows an easy removal from the paradigm of instruction centered on student and an approach to the paradigm of learning based on resources

TRANSDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL SPACES

We define an opened educational space, as a context of scientific content, that can be associated with different approaches, at several disciplines. The opened educational space is used as an integrative and unifier auxiliary teaching, for various disciplines in the curriculum and it allows increasing and accelerating the formation of transversal skills. The opened educational space is a digital auxiliary teaching, with educational valences specific to learning programs. It implements in different and unitary teaching scenarios, the elements of scientific content specific to a discipline, in a real situational context, intuitive, common to several disciplines. This manner of design outlines the characteristics of a transdisciplinary educational software. The teaching scenario for the learning program, afferent to each discipline, allows the student to approach the scientific context of the lesson in an interdisciplinary context, without affecting the rigor and consistency of approach monodisciplinary. In this way, it creates a scientific context that allows students to explore and discover new elements of scientific content in an interdisciplinary context, logical and intuitive. The student is placed in the center of the cognitive context. The manner of approach maintains and supplies its interest to the approached scientific content. In this way, it outlines skills that enable the student to adapt to the dynamics and complexity of reality, in the diversity of contexts in which the reality is manifested. There are also targeted, professional or extra-professional skills, scholar or extracurricular skills, formal or non-formal, local or global, familiar or unfamiliar skills. The knowledge system, the abilities, the habits, the formed and attitudes skills, "cross" the professional or different disciplinary fields, being present in each of them, but being specific to neither of them. These are the defining characteristics for transversal skills. This manner of designing the training process allows the teacher a concentration of resources in the direction of raising the formation, internal and external components of the involved skills. It is noticed a sensitive and visible nearness by the resource-based learning paradigm, through the integrating and unifying character of their exploitation

ALGORITHM FOR GENERALIZED GARMAN EQUATION IN OPTION PRICING OF A FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES WITH STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODELS

In our paper we build a reccurence from generalized Garman equation and discretization of 3-dimensional domain. From reccurence we build an algorithm for computing values of an option based on time, momentan volatility of support and value of support on

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STABLE AGGREGATES OF THE SOIL SPECIFIC TO THE NORTHERN PLATEAU OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

The importance of the aggregates studies could be presented from the following perspectives: elaboration of the soil studies to substantiate the projects of arrangement, organization and exploitation of the meadows; elaboration of (naturalistic) soil studies prior to the preparation of forestry arrangements; elaboration of the soil studies necessary to substantiate the projects of complex arrangement of the slopes in order to prevent and control erosion on agricultural land in non-irrigated regime; elaboration of the soil studies in order to recover the lands degraded by social-economic activities. The researches consists in highlighting the influence of the shelterbelts on the evolution of the soil in the immediate area of it, compared with the soil developed inside the shelterbelts, starting from the premise: degraded lands, recovered through shelterbelts, in order to ensure full protection of agricultural crops, it must also have a high degree of soil amelioration, a low risk of erosion and erosivity

Technical features of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy 3D full hd: davinci versus einstein vision

Spitalul Clinic Municipal, secţia Urologie, Cluj-Napoca, România, Institutul Oncologic, secţia Urologie, Cluj-Napoca, România, UMF "luliu Haţieganu" Cluj-Napoca, România, USMF "Nicolae Testemiţanu" Republica Moldova, Al VI-lea Congres de Urologie, Dializă şi Transplant Renal din Republica Moldova cu participare internaţională (21-23 octombrie 2015)Summary The development of the new imagistic methods - multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, has increased the number of prostate cancer cases detected in localized and locally-advanced stage, which allows curative treatment - radical prostatectomy. At the moment, there are 3 options for carrying out the radical prostatectomy: 2D Laparoscopy, 3D laparoscopy (PRL) and robotics (RALP). The aim of the study was to evaluate the technical features of 3D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy compared to that achieved by robotic approach. The study included 35 patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy 3D intervention in the period March to August 2015, in "Endoplus" Clinic. Also, a second study group consisted of first 207 patients that had been operated robotic in the Center for Robotic Surgery Hospital Municipal Cluj-Napoca. 3D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy can be considered an alternative to robotic approach in centers that do not benefit from this technique, with similar results in terms of operative time, blood loss and postoperative patient recovery

Carbon carrying capacity in primary forests shows potential for mitigation achieving the European Green Deal 2030 target

13 Pág.Carbon accounting in the land sector requires a reference level from which to calculate past losses of carbon and potential for gains using a stock-based target. Carbon carrying capacity represented by the carbon stock in primary forests is an ecologically-based reference level that allows estimation of the mitigation potential derived from protecting and restoring forests to increase their carbon stocks. Here we measured and collated tree inventory data at primary forest sites including from research studies, literature and forest inventories (7982 sites, 288,262 trees, 27 countries) across boreal, temperate, and subtropical Global Ecological Zones within Europe. We calculated total biomass carbon stock per hectare (above- and below-ground, dead biomass) and found it was 1.6 times larger on average than modelled global maps for primary forests and 2.3 times for all forests. Large trees (diameter greater than 60 cm) accounted for 50% of biomass and are important carbon reservoirs. Carbon stock foregone by harvesting of 12–52% demonstrated the mitigation potential. Estimated carbon gain by protecting, restoring and ongoing growth of existing forests equated to 309 megatons carbon dioxide equivalents per year, additional to, and higher than, the current forest sink, and comparable to the Green Deal 2030 target for carbon dioxide removals.We thank the many people involved with the collection and provision of the site data and recognise the significant resources, people and time required to collect this invaluable data. The research for the synthesis, analysis and writing (H.K., Z.K., S.H., B.M.) was supported by a grant from a charitable organisation which neither seeks nor permits publicity for its efforts. The funder had no involvement in the study design, results or publication of the paper. Site data from Spain was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [AGL2016-76769-C2-2-R]. C.P.C. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [RYC2018-024939-I]. J.A.M.V. was supported by the Ramón Areces Foundation Grants for Postdoctoral Studies. Contribution of D.A., K.K. and P.S. as well as data collection and processing from Czech natural forests was supported by Czech Science Foundation, project no. 24-11119S. D.M.-B. was funded by projects AGL2015-73190-JIN, PID2019-110273RB-I00 and contract RYC-2017-23389 by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI. V.B. and I.D. were supported by the FORCLIMIT project funded in the frame of the ERA-NET FACCE ERA-GAS and with national support from Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CCCDI \u2013 UEFISCDI [grant number 82/2017]. FACCE ERA-GAS has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [grant agreement 696356. T.Z. was funded by The WWF Bulgaria through the project IKEA \u2116 9E0710.05 and by The National Roadmap for Research Infrastructure (2020-2027), Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Bulgaria, through agreements No DO1-405/18.12.2020 and DO1-163/28.07.2022 (LTER-BG). L.D. was funded by the project of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office NKFIH K 131837. T.N. received support from the Slovenian Research Agency (Project No. J4-1765). For additional assistance with site data, we thank Dr. Ra\u00FAl Sanchez-Salguero and Dr. Andrea Hevia for evaluating the age in the dendrochronological samples in Spain, and Nesibe K\u00F6se, Mehmet Do\u011Fan, Daniel Bishop, Marco Mina, Timothy Thrippleton, Neil Pederson, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo and Macarena F\u00E9rriz for their help during fieldwork, and Cengiz Cihan and the Turkish General Directorate of Forestry (OGM) in Bor\u00E7ka (Artvin) for their assistance in the field in Turkey.Peer reviewe