Principios de accesibilidad audiovisual en el cine. El cine para todos como vehículo de aprendizaje

El Real Patronato sobre Discapacidad publica, con la colaboración del Centro Español del Subtitulado y la Audiodescripción (CESyA), este trabajo dedicado a la accesibilidad en el mundo del cine. Partiendo de las características del mundo del cine así como de los nuevos marcos que se están produciendo en el mundo audiovisual tras la revolución de las nuevas tecnologías, el trabajo presenta los principios y prácticas necesarias para garantizar la accesibilidad audiovisual (subtitulado, audiodescripción, lengua de signos, menú accesible, etc.), así como buenas prácticas y ejemplos para la realización de cine para todos, mediante la certificación de accesibilidad audiovisual implementada con el Sello CESyA. El trabajo lo completa un apéndice con una “Guía metodológica básica para el subtitulado de vídeos” que describe detalladamente cómo poder realizar el subtitulado de las obras audiovisuales

School for all : experiences of municipal public schools with inclusion of students with disabilities, ASD, GDD and high ability/giftedness

The study set out to identify and analyse the practices of municipal public-school networks in Brazil concerning the educational inclusion of students with disabilities, ASD and GDD, as well as gifted/talented students. The initiative arose out of a will to subsidise and strengthen processes for the formulation and implementation of policies, programmes and projects aligned with the principles of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006; Brazil, 2009) and the National Special Education Policy in the Perspective of Inclusive Education (Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva) (Brasil. MEC/SEESP, 2008c). It is important to point out that those normative frameworks bring principles and presuppositions that have been reaffirmed in more recent documents such as the Incheon eclaration (World Education Forum, UNESCO, 2015) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) (United Nations, 2015). It will become apparent in the results of the study that there are considerable challenges to face throughout the country to ensure the right to education of students that are the focus of Special Education. Amid the many difficulties and challenges, various Brazilian municipalities are outstanding regarding their development and implementation of Inclusive Education in alignment with the principles and premises of the respective legal reference frameworks and the more recent national and international guidelines. Knowing and disseminating the experiences of municipal authorities represents a key step towards making the national inclusive education effort effective, which is essential to extend the right to education to all Brazilians

Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO3- leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO3 inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO3 solutions (4.2% and 8.4%). METHODS:An experimental, prospective, open-label, pilot, clinical study was conducted with 12 CF volunteer participants over 18 years of age with bronchiectasis and pulmonary functions classified as mildly to severely depressed. Sputum rheology, pH, and microbiology were examined as well as spirometry, exercise performance, quality-of-life assessments, dyspnea, blood count, and venous blood gas levels. RESULTS:Sputum pH increased immediately after inhalation of NaHCO3 at each clinical visit and was inversely correlated with rheology when all parameters were evaluated: [G' (elasticity of the mucus) = - 0.241; G″ (viscosity of the mucus) = - 0.287; G* (viscoelasticity of the mucus) = - 0.275]. G* and G' were slightly correlated with peak flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and quality of life; G″ was correlated with quality of life; sputum pH was correlated with oxygen consumption (VO2) and vitality score in quality of life. No changes were observed in blood count, venous blood gas, respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature, or incidence of dyspnea. No adverse events associated with the study were observed. CONCLUSION:Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation appears to be a safe and well tolerated potential therapeutic agent in the management of CF. Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation temporarily elevates airway liquid pH and reduces sputum viscosity and viscoelasticity

Principios de accesibilidad audiovisual en el cine. El cine para todos como vehículo de aprendizaje

El Real Patronato sobre Discapacidad publica, con la colaboración del Centro Español del Subtitulado y la Audiodescripción (CESyA), este trabajo dedicado a la accesibilidad en el mundo del cine. Partiendo de las características del mundo del cine así como de los nuevos marcos que se están produciendo en el mundo audiovisual tras la revolución de las nuevas tecnologías, el trabajo presenta los principios y prácticas necesarias para garantizar la accesibilidad audiovisual (subtitulado, audiodescripción, lengua de signos, menú accesible, etc.), así como buenas prácticas y ejemplos para la realización de cine para todos, mediante la certificación de accesibilidad audiovisual implementada con el Sello CESyA. El trabajo lo completa un apéndice con una “Guía metodológica básica para el subtitulado de vídeos” que describe detalladamente cómo poder realizar el subtitulado de las obras audiovisuales

O IMPACTO DA CRISE ECONÔMICA AMERICANA NO BIOMA PAMPA

A economia do RS, historicamente, evoluiu, tendo por base a pecuária, agricultura, a exploração florestal, em especial da araucária, e seus subprodutos; as principais culturas são arroz, soja, milho, fumo, trigo e frutas. Com a expansão da economia, em especial do mercado de exportação, ocorreu também uma expansão da fronteira agrícola, avançando em muitas regiões sobre locais de grande fragilidade ambiental, colocando em risco a biodiversidade e a sobrevivência das populações locais. Essa situação é, claramente, devida à falta de valorização dos recursos naturais, em geral, e da biodiversidade, em particular.economia, biodiversidade, recursos naturais

Responses of Oat Grains to Fusarium poae and F. langsethiae Infections and Mycotoxin Contaminations

Recent increases of Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease caused by infections with F. poae (FP) and F. langsethiae (FL) have been observed in oats. These pathogens are producers of nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2 toxin (T-2/HT-2), respectively, which are now considered major issues for cereal food and feed safety. To date, the impact of FP and FL on oat grains has not yet been identified, and little is known about oat resistance elements against these pathogens. In the present study, the impact of FL and FP on oat grains was assessed under different environmental conditions in field experiments with artificial inoculations. The severity of FP and FL infection on grains were compared across three field sites, and the resistance against NIV and T-2/HT2 accumulation was assessed for seven oat genotypes. Grain weight, β-glucan content, and protein content were compared between infected and non-infected grains. Analyses of grain infection showed that FL was able to cause infection on the grain only in the field site with the highest relative humidity, whereas FP infected grains in all field sites. The FP infection of grains resulted in NIV contamination (between 30–500 μg/kg). The concentration of NIV in grains was not conditioned by environmental conditions. FL provoked an average contamination of grains with T-2/HT-2 (between 15–132 μg/kg). None of the genotypes was able to fully avoid toxin accumulation. The general resistance of oat grains against toxin accumulation was weak, and resistance against NIV accumulation was strongly impacted by the interaction between the genotype and the environment. Only the genotype with hull-less grains showed partial resistance to both NIV and T-2/HT-2 contamination. FP and FL infections could change the β-glucan content in grains, depending on the genotypes and environmental conditions. FP and FL did not have a significant impact on the thousand kernel weight (TKW) and protein content. Hence, resistance against toxin accumulation remains the only indicator of FHB resistance in oat. Our results highlight the need for new oat genotypes with enhanced resistance against both NIV and T-2/HT-2 to ensure food and feed safety

Use of remote control in the intraoperative telemetry of cochlear implant: multicentric study

A avaliação convencional da telemetria neural e de impedâncias implica o uso do computador acoplado a uma interface, o software fornece o estímulo e a visualização das respostas. Recentemente, foi lançado um controle remoto (CR220®), que possibilita testes intraoperatórios com instrumental mínimo.Avaliar a concordância dos valores das impedâncias e dos limiares da telemetria neural e o tempo de execução no procedimento convencional e pelo controle remoto. Estudo prospectivo transversal multicêntrico. Foram incluídas as avaliações intraoperatórias de implante coclear compatível com o uso do CR220®. Os testes foram realizados nos 22 eletrodos para comparar os tempos de execução nas duas situações. Foi analisada a concordância dos valores do limiar da telemetria neural obtidos em cinco eletrodos e a concordância das impedâncias foi avaliada pelo número de eletrodos com valores alterados em cada procedimento. Não houve diferença significante entre as impedâncias. Obteve-se moderada a forte correlação entre os limiares do potencial de ação composto eletricamente evocado. O tempo médio para os procedimentos com o CR220 foi significativamente menor do que com o procedimento convencional. O uso do CR220 proporcionou registros bem-sucedidos para a telemetria de impedância e a telemetria automática de respostas neurais85450250The conventional evaluation of neural telemetry and impedance requires the use of the computer coupled to an interface, with software that provides visualization of the stimulus and response. Recently, a remote control (CR220®) was launched in the market, that allows the performance of intraoperative tests with minimal instrumentation. To evaluate the agreement of the impedance values and neural telemetry thresholds, and the time of performance in the conventional procedure and by the remote control. Multicentric prospective cross-sectional study. Intraoperative evaluations of cochlear implants compatible with the use of CR220® were included. The tests were carried out in the 22 electrodes to compare the time of performance in the two situations. The agreement of the neural telemetry threshold values obtained from five electrodes was analyzed, and the agreement of impedance was evaluated by the number of electrodes with altered values in each procedure. There were no significant difference between the impedance values. There was a moderate to strong correlation between the electrically-evoked compound action potential thresholds. The mean time to perform the procedures using the CR220 was significantly lower than that with the conventional procedure. The use of the CR220 provided successful records for impedance telemetry and automatic neural response telemetr