The evolution of a thermocline effected by a turbulent stream

International audienceThe process of thermocline evolution under the action of turbulent stream in the upper layer is investigated in laboratory experiment in thermally stratified tank, the initial temperature profile with pronounced thermocline being similar to that observed in tropic seas. The mean velocity and turbulent energy spatial distributions have been shaped to model the hydrological conditions in strong oceanic currents or wind-induced drag currents. The experiment demonstrates the gradual deepening and transformation of thermocline in a case where no global instability took place (i.e., with Richardson numbers always exceeding 0.3-0.4). The process of thermocline evolution resulted also in recurring "bursts" of microstructure. A numerical experiment based on equations of semi-empirical theory of turbulence shows quantitative agreement with experimental data. Moreover, simple analytical solutions and numerical results show that a layer with marginal stability is formed with Richardson numbers being very close to the stability threshold, so that quite small disturbances in thermocline can result in appearance of internal waves and bursts of turbulence

Bariatric operation in treatment of morbidian obesity and metabolic syndrome (revier of literature)

Morbid obesity, associated with various metabolic disorders leading to a decrease in the quality of life and its duration. Conservative treatment of morbid obesity is often ineffective, and therefore bariatric surgery is becoming more common. The review analyzed clinical recommendations and our experience in selecting patients for bariatric surgery, assessed the effectiveness and safety of various types of operations, and outlined the main problems of these operational benefits.Морбидное ожирение, ассоциировано с различными метаболическими нарушениями приводящими к снижению качества жизни и ее продолжительности. консервативные методы лечения морбидного ожирения нередко оказываются неэффективными, в связи с чем, бариатрическая хирургия получила широкое распространение. В обзоре проанализированы клинические рекомендации и наш опыт по отбору пациентов на бариатрические операции, проведена оценка эффективности и безопасности различных видов операций и обозначены основные проблемы данных оперативных пособий

Framing Young Children’s Humour and Practitioner Responses to it Using a Bakhtinian Carnivalesque Lens

This article presents findings from a pilot study offering an alternative framing of children's humour and laughter in an early childhood education setting. It employs a Bakhtinian carnivalesque lens to explore the nature of children's humour in an urban nursery, and investigate the framing of children's humour and laughter outside the popular paradigm of developmental psychology. In addition, it addresses the challenge that children's humour can present for early childhood practitioners, turning to Bakhtin's analysis of carnival to frame children's humour as carnivalesque. This conception is then offered as a part of a potential explanation for practitioners' occasional resistance to children's humour, proposing that dominating, authoritative discourses within early childhood education play a significant role in this. The article draws on a number of theorists, including Bakhtin more widely, to address reasons why humour is not valued pedagogically within the UK early childhood field, and suggests that further research in the area is imperative, in order that we gain a better understanding of the place and significance of children's humour within early childhood practice