Attenuation of upstream-generated low frequency noise by gas turbines

The acoustic transfer functions of low frequency (below 3500 Hz) noise through aircraft turbines were investigated. Model test results were compared with theoretical predictions in order to assess the validity of the theory. Component tests were conducted on both high pressure and low pressure model turbines. The influence of inlet temperature and turbine speed attenuation was evaluated, while the effects of turbine pressure ratio, blade-row choking, and additional downstream stages were determined. Preliminary identification of pertinent aeroacoustic correlating parameters was made

Effect of Temperature & Concentration on Dissolution Potentials of Sodium Chloride, Bromide & Iodide

344-34

Precipitation Potentials of Sodium, Potassium & Ammonium Chlorides, Bromides & Iodides

582-58

Dissolution Potentials of Nitrates of Sodium, Potassium & Ammonium

160-16

Efcacy of sodium bicarbonate ingestion strategies for protecting blinding

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a widely researched ergogenic aid, but the optimal blinding strategy during randomised placebo-controlled trials is unknown. In this multi-study project, we aimed to determine the most efficacious ingestion strategy for blinding NaHCO3 research. During study one, 16 physically active adults tasted 0.3 g·kg-1 body mass NaHCO3 or 0.03 g·kg-1 body mass sodium chloride placebo treatments given in different flavour (orange, blackcurrant) and temperature (chilled, room temperature) solutions. They were required to guess which treatment they had received. During study two, 12 recreational athletes performed time-to-exhaustion (TTE) cycling trials (familiarisation, four experimental). Using a randomised, double-blind design, participants consumed 0.3 g·kg-1 body mass NaHCO3 or a placebo in 5 mL·kg-1 body mass chilled orange squash/water solutions or capsules and indicated what they believed they had received immediately after consumption, pre-TTE and post-TTE. In study one, NaHCO3 prepared in chilled orange squash resulted in the most unsure ratings (44%). In study two, NaHCO3 administered in capsules resulted in more unsure ratings (% here) than NaHCO3 (% here) given in solution, with differences in treatment assignment after consumption, epre-TTE, and post-TTE (all p<0.05). Administering NaHCO3 in capsules was the most efficacious blinding strategy which provides important implications for researchers conducting randomised placebo-controlled trials

Hardware prototyping and validation of a W-ΔDOR digital signal processor

Microwave tracking, usually performed by on ground processing of the signals coming from a spacecraft, represents a crucial aspect in every deep-space mission. Various noise sources, including receiver noise, affect these signals, limiting the accuracy of the radiometric measurements obtained from the radio link. There are several methods used for spacecraft tracking, including the Delta-Differential One-Way Ranging (ΔDOR) technique. In the past years, European Space Agency (ESA) missions relied on a narrowband ΔDOR system for navigation in the cruise phase. To limit the adverse effect of nonlinearities in the receiving chain, an innovative wideband approach to ΔDOR measurements has recently been proposed. This work presents the hardware implementation of a new version of the ESA X/Ka Deep Space Transponder based on the new tracking technique named Wideband ΔDOR (W-ΔDOR). The architecture of the new transponder guarantees backward compatibility with narrowband ΔDOR

A study of common aero-allergen in Mewar region, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Background: Aero-allergens are important causative factor in pathogenesis of allergic respiratory diseases (Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis). Present study aimed to identify the common aeroallergens in Mewar region, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.Methods: Intradermal allergic testing done on 1050 respiratory allergic patients in last 15 yrs (2002 to 2016) by kit containing 125 allergen extracts includes pollen, fungi, insects, dust, dander’s, fabrics, feathers and wood. In 1020 patients (after excluding 30 patients), marked positive skin reaction (3+/4+) to one or more aeroallergen noted.Results: Most common aero allergens found were pollens (62%), woods (58.5%), dander (52%), insects (45%), dust mite (44.2%) and fungi (38.4%). Among pollens most common allergens were Holoptelia integrifolia, Parthenium hysterophorn, Cynodon. Among fungi aspergillus and candida species were most common. Cockroach and fly were predominant insects.Conclusions: Role of allergen testing have important role in management of allergic respiratory diseases as allergen immunotherapy or desensitization is only disease modifying treatment

Apolipoprotein E Allelic Frequency Altered in Women with Early-onset Breast Cancer

Among women, the most prevalent type of cancer is breast cancer, affecting 1 out of every 8 women in the United States; in Puerto Rico, 70 out of every 100,000 will develop some type of breast cancer. Therefore, a better understand of the potential risk factors for breast cancer could lead to the development of early detection tools. A gene that has been proposed as a risk factor in several populations around the world is Apolipoprotein E (apoE). ApoE functions as a mechanism of transport for lipoproteins and cholesterol throughout the body, with 3 main isoforms present in humans (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4). Whether or not apoE4 is a risk factor for breast cancer remains controversial. Previous studies have either included test subjects of all ages (20–80) or have focused on late-onset (after age 50) breast cancer; none has concentrated specifically on early-onset (aged 50 and younger) breast cancer. The objectives of this study was to examine (in a Puerto Rican population) the differences in the relative frequency of occurrence of apoE4 in non-breast cancer versus breast cancer patients and to examine, as well, the potential differences of same in early- versus late-onset patients. We found an increased frequency of apoE4 (odds ratio 2.15) only in early-onset breast cancer survivors, which is similar to the findings of those studies that combined or adjusted for age as well as for an association between apoE4 and decreased tumor size. ApoE is also a potential risk factor for long-term cognitive effects after chemotherapy and affects response to hormone replacement. Our data supports the theory that knowing the apoE genotype of women who are at risk of developing breast cancer may be beneficial, as such knowledge would aid in the prediction of tumor size and the development of treatment regimens