13,889 research outputs found
The Electronic Ground State Energy Problem: a New Reduced Density Matrix Approach
We present here a formulation of the electronic ground-state energy in terms
of the second order reduced density matrix, using a duality argument. It is
shown that the computation of the ground-state energy reduces to the search of
the projection of some two-electron reduced Hamiltonian on the dual cone of
-representability conditions. Some numerical results validate the approach,
both for equilibrium geometries and for the dissociation curve of N
Variational methods in relativistic quantum mechanics
This review is devoted to the study of stationary solutions of linear and
nonlinear equations from relativistic quantum mechanics, involving the Dirac
operator. The solutions are found as critical points of an energy functional.
Contrary to the Laplacian appearing in the equations of nonrelativistic quantum
mechanics, the Dirac operator has a negative continuous spectrum which is not
bounded from below. This has two main consequences. First, the energy
functional is strongly indefinite. Second, the Euler-Lagrange equations are
linear or nonlinear eigenvalue problems with eigenvalues lying in a spectral
gap (between the negative and positive continuous spectra). Moreover, since we
work in the space domain R^3, the Palais-Smale condition is not satisfied. For
these reasons, the problems discussed in this review pose a challenge in the
Calculus of Variations. The existence proofs involve sophisticated tools from
nonlinear analysis and have required new variational methods which are now
applied to other problems
A cooperative Pd-Cu system for direct C-H bond arylation
The authors are grateful to the Royal Society (University Research Fellowship to CSJC) for financial support.A novel and efficient method for C-H arylation using well-defined Pd- and Cu-NHC systems has been developed. This process promotes the challenging construction of C-C bonds from arenes or heteroarenes using aryl bromides and chlorides. Mechanistic studies show that [Cu(OH)(NHC)] plays a key role in the C-H activation and is involved in the transmetallation with the Pd-NHC co-catalyst.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Semantic processing of highly repeated concepts presented in single-word trials: Electrophysiological and behavioral correlates
Characters of graded parafermion conformal field theory
The graded parafermion conformal field theory at level k is a close cousin of
the much-studied Z_k parafermion model. Three character formulas for the graded
parafermion theory are presented, one bosonic, one fermionic (both previously
known) and one of spinon type (which is new). The main result of this paper is
a proof of the equivalence of these three forms using q-series methods combined
with the combinatorics of lattice paths. The pivotal step in our approach is
the observation that the graded parafermion theory -- which is equivalent to
the coset osp(1,2)_k/ u(1) -- can be factored as (osp(1,2)_k/ su(2)_k) x
(su(2)_k/ u(1)), with the two cosets on the right equivalent to the minimal
model M(k+2,2k+3) and the Z_k parafermion model, respectively. This
factorisation allows for a new combinatorial description of the graded
parafermion characters in terms of the one-dimensional configuration sums of
the (k+1)-state Andrews--Baxter--Forrester model.Comment: 36 page
From RE-211 to RE-123. How to control the final microstructure of superconducting single-domains
This paper reviews the usual techniques for producing YBCO-type
single-domains and the microstructure of the as-obtained samples. The problems
of seed dissolution and parasite nucleations are discussed in details.
Formation of microstructural defects, such as pores and cracks, are examined.
An important part of this review is devoted to the study of the influence of
RE-211 particles [RE2BaCuO5 where RE denotes Y, Yb, Nd, Sm, Dy, Gd, Eu or a
mixture of them. Generally Nd4Ba2Cu2O10 is preferred to Nd2BaCuO5] on the
microstructure and properties of RE-Ba-Cu-O single-domains. Trapping/Pushing
theory is described in order to explain the spatial distribution of RE-211
particles in the RE-123 [(RE)Ba2Cu3O7-d] monoliths. Formation of RE-211-free
regions is discussed. Different ways to limit the RE-211 coarsening are
reviewed. Microstructural defects in the RE-123 matrix caused by the RE-211
particles are presented. It is also shown that RE-211 particles play a
significant role on the mechanical properties of single-domain samples. We
finish this review by discussing the Infiltration and Growth process as a good
technique to control the microstructure.Comment: review paper to be published in Supercond. Sci. Technol.; 19 figures;
137 references; 37 page
DASCH 100-yr light curves of high-mass X-ray binaries
We analyzed the 100-yr light curves of Galactic high-mass X-ray binaries
using the Harvard photographic plate collection, made accessible through the
DASCH project (Digital Access to a Sky Century at Harvard). As scanning is
still in progress, we focus on the four objects that are currently well
covered: the supergiant X-ray binary Cyg X-1 (V1357 Cyg), and the Be X-ray
binaries 1H 1936+541 (BD+53 2262), RX J1744.7-2713 (HD 161103), and RX
J2030.5+4751 (SAO 49725), the latter two objects being similar to gamma Cas.
The star associated with Cyg X-1 does not show evidence for variability with an
amplitude higher than 0.3 magnitude over a hundred years. We found significant
variability of one magnitude with timescales of more than 10 years for SAO
49725, as well as a possible period of 500-600 days and an amplitude of 0.05
magnitude that might be the orbital, or super-orbital period of the system. The
data is insufficient to conclude for HD 161103 but suggests a similar long-term
variability. We thus observe an additional characteristic of gamma Cas-like
objects: their long-term variability. This variability seems to be due to the
slow evolution of a decretion disk around the Be star, but may be triggered by
the presence of a compact object in the system, possibly a white dwarf. This
characteristic could be used to identify further similar objects otherwise
difficult to detect.Comment: Accepted for publication in Proceedings of Science (INTEGRAL 2012),
Eds. A. Goldwurm, F. Lebrun and C. Winkler, based on a presentation at the
9th INTEGRAL Workshop "An INTEGRAL view of the high-energy sky (the first 10
years)", October 15-19, 2012, Paris, Franc
SM(2,4k) fermionic characters and restricted jagged partitions
A derivation of the basis of states for the superconformal minimal
models is presented. It relies on a general hypothesis concerning the role of
the null field of dimension . The basis is expressed solely in terms of
modes and it takes the form of simple exclusion conditions (being thus a
quasi-particle-type basis). Its elements are in correspondence with
-restricted jagged partitions. The generating functions of the latter
provide novel fermionic forms for the characters of the irreducible
representations in both Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz sectors.Comment: 12 page
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