An Unnecessary Consternation: An Analysis of the Future of EU Arbitration in the Wake of the \u3cem\u3eWest Tankers\u3c/em\u3e Decision

This article proposes that, despite the West Tankers decision, parties are still not free to breach the terms of an arbitration agreement. On the contrary, there has been a strong trend by English courts to find ways of preventing parties from breaching such agreements. In short, this article serves to quell the panic and elucidate that the West Tankers decision is not a nail in the coffin, but rather a mechanism to reiterate European courts\u27 dedication to ensuring that arbitration provisions remain a potent force against economic infidelity. Part II of this article will provide a brief background of anti-suit injunctions and the West Tankers decision in the context of EU Arbitration. Part III will outline reactions to this decision and pay particular attention to commentary that illustrates trepidation regarding the future of arbitration agreements in Europe. Part IV will reveal why these fears are overplayed by analyzing two relevant English court decisions, their implications on both micro and macro levels, and why the present system of EU arbitration will remain unchanged. Though such measures are likely premature, Part V discusses some proposals aimed at bypassing a system where anti-suit injunctions are nonexistent. Part VI advocates a fresh perspective reframing West Tankers as a catalyst to understanding the bright future of EU arbitration. Finally, Part VII offers a conclusion reiterating the reality of this supposed crisis

Visual attention and action: How cueing, direct mapping, and social interactions drive orienting

Despite considerable interest in both action perception and social attention over the last 2 decades, there has been surprisingly little investigation concerning how the manual actions of other humans orient visual attention. The present review draws together studies that have measured the orienting of attention, following observation of another’s goal-directed action. Our review proposes that, in line with the literature on eye gaze, action is a particularly strong orienting cue for the visual system. However, we additionally suggest that action may orient visual attention using mechanisms, which gaze direction does not (i.e., neural direct mapping and corepresentation). Finally, we review the implications of these gaze-independent mechanisms for the study of attention to action. We suggest that our understanding of attention to action may benefit from being studied in the context of joint action paradigms, where the role of higher level action goals and social factors can be investigated

Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments of Cu-71,Cu-73,Cu-75: Inversion of pi 2p(3/2) and pi 1f(5/2) Levels in Cu-75

We report the first confirmation of the predicted inversion between the pi 2p(3/2) and pi 1f(5/2) nuclear states in the nu g(9/2) midshell. This was achieved at the ISOLDE facility, by using a combination of in-source laser spectroscopy and collinear laser spectroscopy on the ground states of Cu-71,Cu-73,Cu-75, which measured the nuclear spin and magnetic moments. The obtained values are mu(Cu-71)=+2.2747(8)mu(N), mu(Cu-73)=+1.7426(8)mu(N), and mu(Cu-75)=+1.0062(13)mu(N) corresponding to spins I=3/2 for Cu-71,Cu-73 and I=5/2 for Cu-75. The results are in fair agreement with large-scale shell-model calculations.status: publishe

Copy Number Variant Analysis and Genome-wide Association Study Identify Loci with Large Effect for Vesicoureteral Reflux

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common, familial genitourinary disorder, and a major cause of pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) and kidney failure. The genetic basis of VUR is not well understood. METHODS: A diagnostic analysis sought rare, pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) disorders among 1737 patients with VUR. A GWAS was performed in 1395 patients and 5366 controls, of European ancestry. RESULTS: Altogether, 3% of VUR patients harbored an undiagnosed rare CNV disorder, such as the 1q21.1, 16p11.2, 22q11.21, and triple X syndromes ((OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.10 to 4.54; P=6.35×10(−8)) The GWAS identified three study-wide significant and five suggestive loci with large effects (ORs, 1.41–6.9), containing canonical developmental genes expressed in the developing urinary tract (WDPCP, OTX1, BMP5, VANGL1, and WNT5A). In particular, 3.3% of VUR patients were homozygous for an intronic variant in WDPCP (rs13013890; OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.39 to 5.56; P=1.86×10(–9)). This locus was associated with multiple genitourinary phenotypes in the UK Biobank and eMERGE studies. Analysis of Wnt5a mutant mice confirmed the role of Wnt5a signaling in bladder and ureteric morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the genetic heterogeneity of VUR. Altogether, 6% of patients with VUR harbored a rare CNV or a common variant genotype conferring an OR >3. Identification of these genetic risk factors has multiple implications for clinical care and for analysis of outcomes in VUR

The copy number variation landscape of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a major cause of pediatric kidney failure. We performed a genome-wide analysis of copy number variants (CNVs) in 2,824 cases and 21,498 controls. Affected individuals carried a significant burden of rare exonic (that is, affecting coding regions) CNVs and were enriched for known genomic disorders (GD). Kidney anomaly (KA) cases were most enriched for exonic CNVs, encompassing GD-CNVs and novel deletions; obstructive uropathy (OU) had a lower CNV burden and an intermediate prevalence of GD-CNVs; and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) had the fewest GD-CNVs but was enriched for novel exonic CNVs, particularly duplications. Six loci (1q21, 4p16.1-p16.3, 16p11.2, 16p13.11, 17q12 and 22q11.2) accounted for 65% of patients with GD-CNVs. Deletions at 17q12, 4p16.1-p16.3 and 22q11.2 were specific for KA; the 16p11.2 locus showed extensive pleiotropy. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we identified TBX6 as a driver for the CAKUT subphenotypes in the 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome

Author Correction: The copy number variation landscape of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.

In the version of this article initially published, affiliation 38 incorrectly read ICNU-Nephrology and Urology Department, Barcelona, Spain ; Renal Division, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain is the correct affiliation. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article

Author Correction: The copy number variation landscape of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (Nature Genetics, (2019), 51, 1, (117-127), 10.1038/s41588-018-0281-y)

In the version of this article initially published, affiliation 38 incorrectly read “ICNU-Nephrology and Urology Department, Barcelona, Spain”; “Renal Division, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain” is the correct affiliation. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article