VANILLA YERSINIANA (ORCHIDACEAE), A NEW RECORD FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

ESA, M. I. M., NORDIN, F. A., GO, R. & RAFFI, A. 2021. Vanilla yersiniana (Orchidaceae), a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 20(2): 49 − 53. — The genus Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. from Peninsular Malaysia is now enriched with the discovery of a newly recorded species, Vanilla yersiniana that made up its regional diversity to eight taxa. This species was documented from two adjacent secondary lowland forests in Perak; further south to the southern tail of Thailand. This paper describes the first record of V. yersiniana in Peninsular Malaysia with some high-lights of its morphology and ecology. The data presented will add to the present state of knowledge on the species botanical profile

Environmental influences on fish assemblages of the Upper Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia

This study evaluates the current environmental influences on fish assemblages of the upper Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Fish samplings and habitat characterizations were conducted at three significant different months, which were on dry (June 2014), wet (August 2014) and moderately wet seasons (April 2015). A total of 510 individual fish were collected from the study, which consist of four orders, nine families, 20 genus and 21 species of fishes. Cyprinidae was the biggest family, followed by Bagridae, Balitoridae and Sisoridae. Neolissochilus hexagonolepis was the only species documented under the nearly threatened list, even their individual number and occurrences were the highest recorded. The readings of environmental variables, such as water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and total suspended solids were regarded as normal for upper river area. However, the water turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were quite high, which we believed was due to seasonal variation and current anthropogenic activities of the nearby river area. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the water conductivity, river width, COD and water velocity were the main factors in influencing the fish assemblages of this upper Sungai Pelus. The findings can be utilized as a guideline to manage, protect and conserve this upper river area in the near future

Environmental influences on fish assemblages of the upper Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia

This study evaluates the current environmental influences on fish assemblages of the upper Sungai Pelus, Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Fish samplings and habitat characterizations were conducted at three significant different months, which were on dry (June 2014), wet (August 2014) and moderately wet seasons (April 2015). A total of 510 individual fish were collected from the study, which consist of four orders, nine families, 20 genus and 21 species of fishes. Cyprinidae was the biggest family, followed by Bagridae, Balitoridae and Sisoridae. Neolissochilus hexagonolepis was the only species documented under the nearly threatened list, even their individual number and occurrences were the highest recorded. The readings of environmental variables, such as water temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand and total suspended solids were regarded as normal for upper river area. However, the water turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were quite high, which we believed was due to seasonal variation and current anthropogenic activities of the nearby river area. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the water conductivity, river width, COD and water velocity were the main factors in influencing the fish assemblages of this upper Sungai Pelus. The findings can be utilized as a guideline to manage, protect and conserve this upper river area in the near future

Corrigenda: Ikhwanuddin MEM, Amal MNA, Aziz A, Sepet J, Talib A, Ismail MS, Jamil NR (2017) Inventory of fishes in the upper Pelus River (Perak river basin, Perak, Malaysia). Check List 13 (4): 315-325. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.315

The upper Pelus River is located in the remote area of the Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia. Recently, the forest along the upper portion of the Pelus River has come under threat due to extensive lumbering and land clearing for plantations. Sampling at 3 localities in the upper Pelus River at 457, 156 and 89 m above mean sea level yielded 521 specimens representing 4 orders, 11 families, 23 genera and 26 species. The most abundant species was Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, followed by Homalopteroides tweediei and Glyptothorax major. The fish community structure indices was observed to increase from the upper to lower portion of the river, which might reflect differences in water velocity

Lengthweight relationships of seven fish species from the upper Pelus River, Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia

Length–weight relationships (LWR) are reported for seven fish species from the upper Pelus River, Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia. This river is located in a remote area and supplies fishes for the aboriginal peoples. Fish samplings were conducted in three different seasons, the dry (June 2014), wet (August 2014), and moderately wet (April 2015). All samples were collected using fish electro–shocker and scoop nets with a 1 cm mesh size. A total of seven LWRs were unknown to FishBase, and four new maximum fish lengths were identified in the study

THE SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF LEAF EPIDERMAL MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TEN NEPENTHES SPECIES (NEPENTHACEAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

GHAZALLI, M. N., TAMIZI, A. A., ESA, M. I. M., BESI, E. E., NIKONG, D., NORDIN, A. R. M. & ZAINI, A. Z. 2019. The systematic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphology of ten Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 18(2): 81−96. — The pitcher plants of Malaysia belong to the genus Nepenthes and can be found thriving in swampy areas, along the roadside, on hillslopes and in mountainous terrains depending on species and their ecological preferences. In this study, cuticle micromorphology of ten species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) collected from Peninsular Malaysia was intensively studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterise and investigate diagnostic characters of cuticle micromorphology that can be useful in Nepenthes classification. A total of eleven characters from the inner and outer cuticles were enumerated in details and these characters have a value either for infrageneric classification or for diagnostic identification of the species. Characters observed and analysed were related to the epidermal cells, subsidiary cells, stomatal complex i.e type of waxes on both epidermal surfaces, abaxial and adaxial cuticular ornamentation, stomata characteristics, stomata formation, stomata frequency, cuticular ornamentation on stomata, shape of the stomata, stomata size, trichome existence and type of trichomes. Nepenthes ampullaria is clearly distinguished from the other species by markedly different types of tufted and multicellular trichomes of the epidermal cells on both leaf epidermal surfaces. For N. alba, its cuticular feature showed groovy cuticular pattern on the abaxial and adaxial surface, hence, can serve as a diagnostic cuticular pattern for this species. From these findings, the species delimitation based on cuticular features show a clear resolution, however some species might be individually distinct based on the combination of characters examined.

Corrigenda: Ikhwanuddin MEM, Amal MNA, Aziz A, Sepet J, Talib A, Ismail MS, Jamil NR (2017) Inventory of fishes in the upper Pelus River (Perak river basin, Perak, Malaysia). Check List 13 (4): 315-325. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.315

The upper Pelus River is located in the remote area of the Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia. Recently, the forest along the upper portion of the Pelus River has come under threat due to extensive lumbering and land clearing for plantations. Sampling at 3 localities in the upper Pelus River at 457, 156 and 89 m above mean sea level yielded 521 specimens representing 4 orders, 11 families, 23 genera and 26 species. The most abundant species was Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, followed by Homalopteroides tweediei and Glyptothorax major. The fish community structure indices was observed to increase from the upper to lower portion of the river, which might reflect differences in water velocity

Corrigenda: Ikhwanuddin MEM, Amal MNA, Aziz A, Sepet J, Talib A, Ismail MS, Jamil NR (2017) Inventory of fishes in the upper Pelus River (Perak river basin, Perak, Malaysia). Check List 13 (4): 315-325. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.315

The upper Pelus River is located in the remote area of the Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia. Recently, the forest along the upper portion of the Pelus River has come under threat due to extensive lumbering and land clearing for plantations. Sampling at 3 localities in the upper Pelus River at 457, 156 and 89 m above mean sea level yielded 521 specimens representing 4 orders, 11 families, 23 genera and 26 species. The most abundant species was Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, followed by Homalopteroides tweediei and Glyptothorax major. The fish community structure indices was observed to increase from the upper to lower portion of the river, which might reflect differences in water velocity

Inventory of fishes in the upper Pelus River (Perak river basin, Perak, Malaysia)

The upper Pelus River is located in the remote area of the Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia. Recently, the forest along the upper portion of the Pelus River has come under threat due to extensive lumbering and land clearing for plantations. Sampling at 3 localities in the upper Pelus River at 457, 156 and 89 m above mean sea level yielded 521 specimens representing 4 orders, 11 families, 23 genera and 26 species. The most abundant species was Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, followed by Homalopteroides tweediei and Glyptothorax major. The fish community structure indices was observed to increase from the upper to lower portion of the river, which might reflect differences in water velocity

A species checklist of wild orchids in selected sites in Kadamaian, Kota Belud, Sabah

A brief orchid diversity study was conducted from 14th to 19th October 2019 in Kadamaian, located northwest of Kinabalu area, through a scientific geographic expedition. A convenience sampling method was employed with only the flowering individuals collected and preserved as herbarium specimens. A total of 58 species and 32 genera were identified during the field visits to the Mount Nopungguk, Melangkap Noriou, Ulu Sungai Melawa, and basecamp site. The finding comprises of 43 epiphytes, 13 terrestrials, and two mycoheterotrophs. Appendicula congesta, Bulbophyllum disjunctum, Dendrobium kiauense, and Goodyera rostellata are species endemic to Borneo found during the expedition along with Crepidium multiflorum, a hyper-endemic species to Kinabalu area. Several rare species which narrowly distributed to primary forest habitat were discovered, including jewel orchids; Cystorchis variegata var. variegata and Anoectochilus geniculatus, and two mycoheterotrophs; Aphyllorchis pallida and Lecanorchis multiflora var. multiflora