The effect of 5-HT3 receptor agonist of the ventral hippocampus on amnesia induced by ethanol in mice

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-HT3 receptor agonist in the CA1 hippocampus area on demolition of ethanol-induced memory. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 96 NMRI mice. Ethanol was injected intraperitoneally, while 5-HT3 receptor agonist (MCHL) was injected intra-CA1. To assess the memory, a single-trial step-down passive avoidance apparatus was used. Results: Results showed that pre-training injection of ethanol (1mg/kg), and MCHL (0.5 ng/mouse) decreased a passive avoidance memory in the adult mice. Also, a non- effective dose of MCHL (0.005 ng/mouse) with a non- effective dose of ethanol (0.01mg/kg) induced amnesia. Also, the results showed that injection of different doses of MCHL (0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 ng/mouse) combined with an effective dose of ethanol (1mg/kg) could retrieve damaged memory by ethanol. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the CA1 region of the hippocampus has an important role in amnesia induced by serotonin and serotonin CA1 5-HT3 receptor agonists have interaction with ethanol

Germination and the Biochemical Response of Pumpkin Seeds to Different Concentrations of Humic Acid under Cadmium Stress

The poisoning of heavy metals and their accumulation in food chains are major environmental and health risks. There have been several reports that determined that pumpkins tend to collect small amounts of nitrate or heavy metals. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of organic matter (humic acid) on the germination and activity of antioxidant enzymes, glycosylate cycle enzymes, and utilization of lipid and protein reserves of pumpkin seeds under cadmium stress conditions. An experiment was conducted to quantify the germination response and biochemical change of pumpkin seeds to the use of humic acid under cadmium stress conditions. The treatments were cadmium at three levels (0 (control), 100, and 200 mg.L-1) and humic acid at five levels (0 (control), 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg.L-1). Linear and sigmoidal models were used to investigate the trend of trait changes. The results show that changes in the germination percentage and seed vigor were affected by applying humic acid and cadmium stress. The highest germination percentage for pumpkins was observed without stress and cadmium stress at a concentration of 200 mg.L-1. The results of quantification for the germination and seed vigor also showed that the model of germination changes by the use of humic acid was sigmoidal in non-stress and cadmium stress conditions of 100 mg.L-1, but it was linear for seed vigor in the stress conditions of 200 mg.L-1. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, isocitrate lyase, and malate synthase was also affected by the simultaneous use of humic acid and cadmium stress, and the trend of their changes was linear

Evaluation and Assessment of Capability of Hydrograph Model of Instantaneous Geomorphology Unit in Simulating Flood Hydrograph of Minab River Basin

Accurate prediction of floods is especially important in arid areas with more irregularities and intensities. Lack of hydrometric stations in these areas of our country, along with the important advantage of the GIUH model, which allows the simulation of precipitation-runoff of a basin with the least information data, led the researchers to evaluate the above model in the basin. Consider the catchment of Minab as their goal. The quantitative values ​​of each of the geomorphological parameters of the GIUH model, the most important of which are the bifurcation ratio, length ratio and area ratio, have been calculated using GIS technology and with the help of  HECGeoHMS add-on. In ranking waterways, the Strahler method was used as a basis. The hydrograph model of the geomorphology unit in the study basin has had acceptable results according to the calculated average error equivalent to 17.22% for the peak discharge of 4 selected events. However, in estimating the peak occurrence time, the amount of error is higher and in all events, the peak discharge time is less than the real time. In addition, the results of this model in the same basin under study also provided acceptable results with an average error rate of about 30% in calculating the peak discharge. The GIUH in Minab catchment has had acceptable results according to the mean error calculated for the peak discharge of 4 selected events. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the desired results from this model in similar conditions and by applying changes

Stipagrostis pennata (Trin.) De Winter Artificial Seed Production and Seedlings Multiplication in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

This study was conducted to develop the protocol for artificial seed production of Stipagrostis pennata (Trin.) De Winter via somatic embryo encapsulation as well as test a temporary bioreactor system for germination and seedling growth. Embryogenic calli were encapsulated using sodium alginate and calcium chloride and then sowed in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) germination medium in in vitro cultures. The experiments were conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments include three concentrations of sodium alginate (1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5%), two ion exchange times (20 and 30 min), and two artificial seed germination media (hormone-free MS and MS supplemented with zeatin riboside and L-proline). Germination percentage and number of days needed until the beginning of germination were studied. The highest percentage of artificial seed germination was obtained when 2.5% sodium alginate was used for 30 min (ion exchange time) and when the seeds were placed on the MS germination medium supplemented with zeatin riboside and L-proline. The results of the analysis of variance in the temporary immersion bioreactor system showed that the main effects observed on the seedling growth were associated with different growth hormones in culture media and the number of feeding cycles. Experimental results also indicated that the total protein analyses of zygotic seedlings and seedlings originating from the synthetic seeds showed no statistically significant differences between these samples

Investigation of damage caused by sharp instruments and needle sticks exposure in operation room’s staff in hospitals in the Ahvaz city in 2013

مزمینه و هدف: فرورفتن سوزن در بدن از جمله مشکلاتی است که افراد شاغل در اتاق عمل با آن مواجه هستند که بیشترین احتمال HIV و هپاتیت های C و B منتقله از راه خون، جهت پرسنل در آن وجود دارد. لذا هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فراوانی و علل آسیب های ناشی از وسایل نوک تیز آلوده به خون بیمار در کارکنان اتاق عمل بیمارستان های دولتی اهواز است. روش بررسی: این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی است که بر روی کلیه پرسنل اتاق عمل بیمارستان های امام خمینی، رازی، گلستان و طالقانی اهواز به تعداد 400 نفر انجام گرفت. جهت جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته، استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای اسکور و تی، در نرم افزار 19spss صورت گرفت. یافته ها: از بین 385 نفر مورد مطالعه تعداد 92 نفر(9/23) هرگز سابقه نیدل استیک شدن را نداشتند، اما 293 نفر(10/76 )1 تا بیش از 5 بار نیدل استیک شده بودند. از دیدگاه کارکنان، عوامل مؤثر در نیدل استیک شدن عجله کردن(5/61)، بی احتیاطی همکار(0/39) و شلوغی بخش (6/35) می باشد. بیشترین وسیله ای که باعث ایجاد نیدل استیک می شود بترتیب سوزن بخیه(4/51)، نیدل سرنگ(4/37)، تیغ بیستوری(6/30) است. آزمون های آماری کای اسکوور ارتباط معنی داری بین جنسیت، بیماری روحی، لرزش دست، مشکلات بینایی، سابقه، تعداد شیفت در ماه، تعداد ساعت کار در هفته، مدرک تحصیلی، شغل، فعالیت در یک مرکز درمانی دیگر و تعداد نیدل استیک شدن را نشان داد(05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که بیش از نیمی از کارکنان اتاق عمل با نیدل استیک مواجه هستند. لذا با توجه به عوارض و احتمال ابتلا به بیماری های منتقله از راه خون و بالا بودن میزان صدمات در اتاق عمل، به نظر می رسد تدوین و برگزاری کلاس های آموزشی جهت پیشگیری از این مشکلات، ضرورت دارد

The Role of Empowering Leadership Dimensions of School Principals in the Psychological Ownership of Teachers

Introduction:In the last two decades, empowerment practices have gained recognition as effective approaches for organizations to enhance positive work outcomes by fostering employees' sense of competence, self-determination, meaningfulness, and influence (Maynard et al., 2014). Empowerment theory suggests that leaders play a crucial role in empowering employees (Maynard et al., 2012). Leaders have the ability to create an environment conducive to employees taking ownership of their tasks and surroundings (Stander & Coxen, 2017). Consequently, organizations must establish environments that enable individuals to maximize their potential and contribute value to the organization (Stander & Rothmann, 2009). Employees require leaders, who understand the importance of ownership and empowerment for their emotional and intellectual growth (Bhatnagar, 2005). Several studies have highlighted the significant role of work in psychological ownership, including research by Kim & Beehr (2018) and Knapp et al. (2014). Studies by Su & Ng (2019) and Yıldız et al. (2015) have explored the impact of participation in decision-making on psychological ownership. Additionally, Olckers & Enslin (2016) have demonstrated the role of trust in fostering psychological ownership, while Cheng et al. (2021) and Yıldız et al. (2015) have examined the influence of providing independence on psychological ownership. These studies indicate that empowering leadership behaviors are associated with followers' psychological ownership. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the role of empowering leadership dimensions exhibited by school principals in teachers' psychological ownership. Specifically, we sought to determine whether the empowering leadership dimensions of school principals significantly impacted teachers' psychological ownership and identify which dimensions had the greatest and least significant effects on psychological ownership.  Materials & MethodsThe present study adopted a quantitative research approach, aligning with the research philosophy and the applied nature of the study. In terms of data collection and analysis, a descriptive method was employed, specifically utilizing correlation studies and structural equation modeling. The research population comprised all primary school teachers in Qorve City, totaling 548 individuals (350 women and 198 men). A sample of 225 participants (144 women and 81 men) was selected by using proportional stratified random sampling based on Morgan's table. The research methodology employed was correlation analysis.Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe findings of the current study indicated that the dimensions of empowering leadership exhibited by the school principals had a significant and positive impact on the teachers' psychological ownership. The effects of these dimensions ranged from 0.13 to 0.24, with participation in decision-making and significance having the greatest and least effects, respectively. Collectively, the 4 dimensions of empowering leadership could explain 33% of the variance in the teachers' psychological ownership. The Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) conducted to determine the relative importance of the structures in the structural model revealed that all the four dimensions of empowering leadership exhibited high importance and high performance, falling within the consolidation area. Based on these findings, several suggestions were proposed to strengthen the effects of the empowering leadership dimensions of school principals on teachers' psychological ownership:1) Clarifying the role of teachers in societal growth and development, emphasizing their impact on the society2) Providing necessary support and resources to enhance teachers' professional development3) Fostering a safe and supportive environment in schools that encourages teachers to express their opinions on school-related matters4) Empowering teachers with collaborative decision-making skills5) Encouraging participation through the establishment of quality circles within the school6) Analyzing the fit between teachers and their assigned tasks7) Clearly defining the levels of independence and authority teachers have in their assigned tasks8) Gradually delegating authority to teachers in solving school problems9) Promoting transparency and honesty in the speech and actions of school principals10) Institutionalizing a culture of positive and developmental responsibility within the schoolIt could be concluded that the creation, growth, and strengthening of teachers' psychological ownership were influenced by the school principals and their leadership. Therefore, the active application of empowering leadership with a focus on its dimensions could have positive effects on teachers' psychological ownership. To collect data, the researchers utilized the enabling leadership questionnaires developed by Ahearne et al. (2005) and the psychological ownership questionnaire developed by Olckers (2011). The descriptive analysis involved the use of frequency distribution tables, mean, and standard deviation. To test the research hypotheses, statistical techniques, such as the Pearson correlation matrix and structural equation modeling, were employed using the statistical software of SPSSv.25 and LISRELv.10.30. Additionally, the relative importance of the structures in the model was determined through the use of an IPMA

A survey on quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction, referred to Shahrekord Hagar hospital in 2005

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: سکته های قلبی از جمله شایع ترین و خطرناک ترین اختلالاتی هستند که زندگی انسانها را تهدید می کنند و در دراز مدت با ماهیت ناتوان کننده خود محدودیت های فراوان در ابعاد مختلف زندگی فرد مبتلا بوجود می آورد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی کیفیت زندگی بیماران مبتلا به سکته قلبی مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان آموزشی درمانی هاجر شهرکرد انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی 150 بیمار مبتلا به سکته قلبی که در بخش مراقبت های ویژه بیمارستان آموزشی درمانی هاجر(س) شهرکرد بستری بودند، به صورت نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه دو قسمتی شامل ویژگی های دموگرافیک و بررسی ابعاد کیقیت زندگی (پرسشنامه استاندارد SF36) از طریق مصاحبه و مراجعه به پرونده بیمار گردآوری و با استفاده از آزمون کای اسکور تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: میانگین سن بیماران 5/10±7/55 سال و کیفیت زندگی اکثریت واحدهای مورد پژوهش (53) نسبتاً مطلوب بود. اکثریت واحد های مورد پژوهش دارای کیفیت زندگی نسبتاً مطلوب در بعد وضعیت عمومی (62) و بعد وضعیت اجتمایی - عملکرد شغلی (65) بودند. وضعیت خواب 61 واحدهای مورد پژوهش مطلوب و فعالیت جسمی 62 واحدهای مورد پژوهش نامطلوب بود. بین طول مدت بیماری با کیفیت زندگی ارتباط آماری معنی دار وجود داشت (05/0

Seasonal pattern in admissions and mortality from acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients in Isfahan, Iran

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A comparison of life style with body mass index (BMI) of loss and more than 25 in individuals between 20-65 years in Shahrekord city

Background and aim: The present study aimed to compare the habits and features of obese (BMI>25) and normal (BM25 kg/m2 then it was designated in the case group (obese). Samples with BMI between 20-25 kg/m2 were assigned into the control (normal) group. The Miller-Smith life style questionnaires were used for both groups. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-tests. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups tested in terms of the mean age, gender, level of education, marital status insurance, the length of sleep during 24 h, cigarette smoking and losing job or spouse. However, a significant relation was found in using vegetables, sausage, fried potatoes, enriched breads, low fat milk, low salt, candies and chocolates (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests that one way to control obesity and prevent diseases is to ameliorate the life styles with education to people

Sulfur dioxide reduces hippocampal cells death and improves learning and memory deficits in rat model of transient global ischemia/reperfusion

Objective(s): According to recent the findings, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced by the cardiovascular system, influencing some major biological processes. Based on previous research, SO2 exhibits antioxidant effects and inhibits apoptosis following cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the neuroprotective impact of SO2 following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats that weighed 260–300 g, were randomly allocated into 4 groups: sham group (n=12), I/R group (n=12), and I/R+SO2 groups (NaHSO3 and Na2SO3; 1:3 ratio; 5 and 10 µg/kg, respectively; for 3 days, n=12). Cerebral ischemia model was prepared by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 20 min. Saline as a vehicle and SO2 donor at doses 5 µg/kg (intraperitoneally) were injected for 3 days after reperfusion. Four days after ischemia, the passive avoidance memory test was carried out in four groups, and after behavioral assessment, necrosis, apoptosis, and antioxidant enzyme analysis were carried out.Results: SO2 treatment could significantly improve memory impairments in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) (