The effect of eight weeks selected aerobic exercise on liver parenchyma and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) of fat liver patients

زمینه و هدف: بیماری کبد چرب، نوعی تجمع چربی در سلول های کبدی است که در صورت عدم کنترل، روندی بدخیم را به سمت فیبروز شدن بافت کبد و تخریب سلولی آن طی می کند. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثر بخشی هشت هفته تمرین ورزشی هوازی منتخب بر روی آنزیم های کبد و بافت کبدی در بیماری کبد چرب بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی 24 بیمار مرد مراجعه کننده به کلینیک های سونوگرافی شهرستان شوشتر، با تشخیص بیماری کبد چرب بطور در دسترس انتخاب و به دو گروه کنترل (12نفر) و آزمایش (12 نفر) تقسیم شدند. در هر دو گروه میزان آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST) و آلانین آمینوترانسفراز (ALT) سرم خون اندازه گیری و از کبد بیماران سونوگرافی به عنوان پیش آزمون به عمل آمد. سپس گروه آزمایش به مدت هشت هفته تحت تمرینات هوازی منتخب را با شدت 50 تا70 حداکثر اکسیژن مصرفی همراه با افزایش بار فزاینده تمرینی قرار گرفته و در پایان هفته هشتم بار دیگر تصویر برداری سونوگرافی و اندازه گیری میزان آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز و آلانین آمینوترانسفراز خون به عنوان پس آزمون از هر دو گروه به عمل آمد. داده ها به کمک آزمون های آماری t مستقل و همبسته و آزمون ناپارامتری من ویتنی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: بعد از 8 هفته برنامه ورزشی هوازی منتخب سطوح پارانشیم منطقه سطحی کبد گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش معنی داری را نشان داد (001/0

The Effect of Eight Weeks Elected Aerobic Exercise on the Levels of (AST, ALT) Enzymes of Men Patients with Have Fat Liver

AbstractThe purpose of present study is the effect of eight weeks elected aerobic exercise on the levels of (AST, ALT) enzymes of men patients with have fat liver, age's 20 to 45 in shooshtar city. that providing of lack of control it will have the garlic of large virulent to destroy liver fiber and cell destruction as usually hard and rough liver fiber and it density is aspired in stenography. Also the measure of cholesterol and triglyceride with liver enzymes increase in these patients. in this study the numbers of 24 patients of referred to sonography clinics of shooshtar town with the distinction of fat liver disease selected by randomly and divided to two groups of control and experimental. Measurement of (AST, ALT) diseases in two groups as pre-test were done. After eight week aerobic exercise the analysis and resolution of data were done by computer and with use of SPSS soft ware and statistical methods of deduction (t-test) and descriptive. The results of comparison between two groups showed that eight weeks aerobic exercise with a≤0.05 it cause to be the decrease of measure of (AST,ALT) of liver cells of experimental group

Comparison of the Cardiac Structure and Function of Elite Weightlifters and Swimmers

Introduction: Heart is the second major component in the cardiovascular system that is affected by training. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiac structure and function of three groups of swimmers, weightlifters and non-athletes. Methods: The study was a causal comparative research. The statistical sample consisted of three groups of 10 including swimmers, weightlifters and non-athletes. Athletes were the elite swimming and weightlifting volunteers who participated voluntarily in this study. Inclusion criteria for athletes included a history of at least 5 years of regular exercise. After selecting the statistical samples, all participants took part in the echo-heart test in which they were given Color Doppler M-Mode echocardiography with coordination of an echocardiologist. For data analysis one way ANOVA and bonferroni test post hoc tests were used. The p-value was defined as p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that LVIDs in the swimmers had a significant decrease (p = 0.01) compared to both weightlifters (p = 0.03) and non-athletes (p =0.02). However, there was no significant difference between weightlifters and non-athletes (p = 0.88).The results also revealed a significant increase in interventricular septal end diastole (IVSd) in the weightlifters compared to the swimmers (p = 0.02) and non-athletes (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd) (p= 0.23), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (p = (0.70), left atrium dimensions (LAD) (p = 0.06), aortic root dimension (ARD) (p= 0.96), left ventricular posterior wall dimensions (LVPWD) (p = 0.17), heart rate (HR) (p = 0.80) and ejection fraction (EF) (p = 0.66) in the swimmers and weightlifters. Conclusion: Different changes in the cardiac structure and function of the swimmers and weightlifters are considered as physiological adjustments, and not cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, despite the different effects of strength and endurance exercises on the structure of the heart muscle, it seems that the cardiac performance of the athletes in the two disciplines are the same

Forecasting of Reference Evapotranspiration using MLP, RBF, and SVM Neural Networks

Estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration is one of the most important elements in optimizing agricultural water consumption and in management of water resources. Forecasting the daily and weekly reference evapotranspiration can be used in predicting of crop water requirements and in short range planning irrigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three types of artificial neural networks: MLP (multilayer perceptron), RBF (radial basis function network), and SVM (support vector machine) in forecasting the daily and weekly reference evapotranspiration at Tabriz synoptic stations. For this purpose, the meteorological data of 39-year period (1971-2009) were used. To train the neural network, 80 percent of time series data was selected randomly and 20 percent of data was used to validate the different models. To create the time series of daily and weekly reference evapotranspiration in a given period, the standard Penman-Monteith FAO 56 equation was used. Different combinations of input data (different delays) were used to evaluate the models. The results of daily forecasting of reference evapotranspiration showed that SVM with RBF kernel with input set of M5, RMSE=0.51 mm/day and R2=0.92 had the best performance. Moreover, the results of weekly forecasting of reference evapotranspiration showed that SVM with polynomial kernel with inputs set of M8, RMSE=3.88 mm/week and R2=0.95 had the best performance

Barriers to support nurses as second victim of medical errors: A qualitative study

BackgroundGiven the inevitability of medical errors and their impact on health workers, providing support to those who suffer is vital for their physical and mental recovery. Identifying the barriers to obtaining support is imperative in this regard.AimsThe current study was conducted to identify the barriers regarding supporting nurses as second victims of nursing errors in clinical settings in Iran.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted with a sample, which was included 18 nurses. The subjects were selected through the purposive sampling method, and data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using methods as described by Graneheim and Lundman (citation needed). The research context included the general and specialized departments of hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during 2017.ResultsAccording to the results, mismanagement, Cultural barriers, inadequate information, and Legal barriers were the main barriers to supporting nurses.ConclusionTraining nurses about the second victim phenomenon is recommended as well as the methods to manage the effects of this phenomenon, the supportive resources, and legal issues

An Experimental Study for Swelling Effect on Repairing of Cracks in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils

Earth-dam failure starts with cracking in the clay core, and this cracking is not easy to detect and prevent. Therefore, swellable clay is a feasible solution, which helps to close the cracks automatically based on the self-healing process. The presented study utilizes experimental procedures to analyze the swelling behavior of fine-grained clayey soils to prevent structural failure regarding crack generations. In this regard, the clayey materials were modified using Kaolin and Bentonite mixed with various weight percentages (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5%) and extracted the geotechnical characteristics of the studied soils, which included 90 specimens and 85 tests, such as physical properties, consolidation, particle-size analysis, hydrometry, Atterberg limits, compaction, odometer, and pinhole. The experimental results revealed that the swelling of the Bentonite is more than Kaolin satisfied for self-healing features in clayey soils. Regarding the numerous swelling tests, Bentonite provides optimum results (attained 10%) compared to Kaolin. As a verification procedure, the pinhole test was performed on samples, which revealed that Bentonite was dominant in controlling the water flow through the samples

Teaching English to Learners with Disabilities: Investigating Effective Approaches and Accommodations for Teaching English to Learners with Physical, Sensory, or Cognitive Disabilities

In the pursuit of inclusive and equitable English Language Teaching (ELT), addressing the unique needs of learners with physical, sensory, or cognitive disabilities is of paramount importance. The current research study explores effective instructional approaches and accommodations tailored to these learners, encompassing a comprehensive literature review and contextual insights. This study employs a qualitative research design. The study included a total number of 17 EFL teachers from six different institutes In Iran. An R script was employed to randomly sample teachers. Key findings of the current study underscore the significance of customized strategies, multisensory instruction, assistive technology integration, inclusive curriculum design, professional development, inclusive assessment practices, and interdisciplinary collaboration. By embracing these principles, educators and researchers can advance inclusive ELT, fostering equitable language acquisition for all learners. This study also, has shed light on the critical importance of addressing the cognitive and sensory needs of learners with cognitive disabilities. Ultimately, commitment to equity and inclusivity in English language teaching may encourage educators and stakeholders to embrace innovative approaches. As a result of this, learners with cognitive disabilities can be successful in their language learning journey

The effect of 12 weeks of circuit resistance training course on some of the inflammatory factors in obese non-alcoholic fatty liver men

Introdution: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NFALD) is a disease associated with metabolic syndrome and lifestyle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of circuit resistance training course on interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels, 70 kDa thermal shock protein (HSP70), insulin resistance and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Method: In this clinical trial study, 30 males with NFALD were selected through targeted sampling and were randomly assigned to one of two groups of practice and control intervention. The training program included 12 weeks of resistive training and 3 training sessions per week, which was performed as periodic circuit resistance training. Before eating breakfast, blood sampling was done one day before the start of training and 3 days after the last training session. For statistical analysis, paired t-test was used to compare intra-group data. Independent t-test was used for comparison between groups. Data were used via the SPSS v 22 software. The significance was defined as P≤0.05. Results: After the training course, compared to the control group a significant decrease was observed in weight (P = 0.008), BMI (P = 0.006), body fat percentage (P <0.001), insulin resistance (P <0.001), HSP70 (P <0.001), IL-17 (P <0.001), serum levels of ALT (P <0.001) and AST (P <0.001) enzymes. Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, circuit resistance training has an effective role in improving the liver function in NFALD patients by reducing insulin resistance and levels of inflammatory cytokines, this method of resistance training can be useful in the treatment of these patients

An Investigation into Irisin Levels: Acute and Chronic Effects of Combined Training and Its Association with Anthropometric Variables in Overweight Men

Irisin, a novel myokine secreted from skeletal muscles, has an important relationship with physical activity and health. However, it has been reported as a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to measure both acute and chronic effects of combined training on serum Irisin levels and the relationship between Irisin and anthropometric variables such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage in overweight young men. İn 2016 in Gonbnad City, Golestan Privince, northern Iran, 20 overweight men aging 20-25 yr with BMI of 25-30 were randomly selected and equally divided into control and experimental groups. Fasting blood samples were collected three times, before the start of training, after the first session of training (acute), and 48 h after the end of the eight-week training (chronic). Combined training (endurance and strength) was done 3 times/week for eight weeks, as training in first session started at 50% of intensity and it was progressively increased 5% each week. Serum Irisin levels increased significantly when its levels were compared before training and after the completion of combined training (P≤0.05). However, no significant correlation was observed between the concentration of serum Irisin levels and anthropometric characteristics of the subjects both before and after the training. Eight weeks of combined training could be an efficient exercise type in increasing serum Irisin levels in overweight men. Irisin may causes metabolic and physiological changes within the body and play a protective role against overweightness and obesity associated with inactivity

Revolutionizing language learning: Unleashing the power of the engage model to supercharge writing skill in cognitively more and less active EFL learners

The ever-growing need for fluency in written English around the world, because of the role of English as the world’s international language, has given priority to finding more effective ways to its teaching. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of using the ENGAGE Model on writing performance of EFL learners through a mixed-method study. The participants of the study were 60 advanced level female EFL learners with the age range of 20 to 30 in one of the private language institutes in Isfahan, Iran. The participants were non-randomly selected from a large pool of advanced female students. The selected participants were assigned to the two groups of the ENGAGE Model (the experimental group) and TBLT (the control group), with 30 students in each. The participants were also specified in terms of their cognitive ability as cognitively more or less active based on their answers to a validated cognitive profile questionnaire. In the quantitative phase of the study, the participants went through the processes of pre-testing, intervention, and post-testing and the data collected were fed into the SPSS software version 26. The results revealed that the ENGAGE Model had a statistically significant effect on the writing development of cognitively more and less active EFL learners. The qualitative findings of the study proved that the cognitively more active learners enjoyed the ENGAGE Model class more than the cognitively less active ones. Likewise, the cognitively more active learners could benefit from the class more than their counterparts in the cognitively less active camp and assessed themselves more positively in terms of L2 writing. The finding of the study suggested that EFL teachers and stakeholders should increase interaction and higher-order thinking, and make connections to learners’ previous learning