MRI New Landsurface Model HAL

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回気水圏シンポジウム 11月15日（火） 統計数理研究所 3階リフレッシュフロ

Iridium complex, a phosphorescent light-emitting diode material, serves as a novel chemical probe for imaging hypoxic tumor tissues

Iridium complex, a promising organic light-emitting diode for next generation television displays, emits phosphorescence. Phosphorescence is quenched by oxygen. We used this oxygen-quenching feature for imaging tumor hypoxia. Red light-emitting iridium complex Ir(btp)~2~(acac) (BTP) presented hypoxia-dependent light emission in culture cell lines, whose intensity was in parallel with HIF-1[alpha] expression. BTP was further applied to imaging five tumors (four from human origin and one from mouse origin) transplanted in athymic mice. All tumors presented a bright BTP-emitting image even 5 min after the injection. The BTP-dependent tumor image peaked at 1 to 2 h after the injection, and was then cleared from tumors within 24 h. The minimal BTP image recognition size was 3 to 4 mm in diameter. Compared with ^18^F-FDG/PET images, BTP delineated a clearer image for a tumor profile. We suggest that iridium complex has a vast potential for imaging hypoxic lesions such as tumor tissues

6-(Methylsulfinyl) Hexyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits IL-6 and CXCL10 Production in TNF-α-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells

6-(Methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a bioactive substance found in wasabi (Wasabia japonica) and has been reported to have some bioactive effects including anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, there are no reports on its effects on periodontal resident cells, and many points remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether 6-MSITC exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human oral epithelial cells, including effects on signal transduction pathway activation. 6-MSITC inhibited interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) production in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells, which are a human oral epithelial cell line. Moreover, we found that 6-MSITC could suppress signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K)-S6 ribosomal protein (S6) pathways activation in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 and NF-κB inhibitors could suppress IL-6 and CXCL10 production in TNF-α-treated TR146 cells. In summary, 6-MSITC could decrease IL-6 and CXCL10 production in human oral epithelial cell by inhibiting STAT3 and NF-κB activation

The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Iberin on TNF-α-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells : In Vitro Research

Iberin is a bioactive chemical found in cruciferous plants that has been demonstrated to have anticancer properties. However, there have been no reports on its effects on periodontal resident cells, and many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this study was to examine whether iberin had anti-inflammatory effects on human oral epithelial cells, including influences on signal transduction pathway activation in TNF-α-στιμυλατεd χελλσ. Iberin inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), as well as the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated TR146 cells, a human oral epithelial cell line. Moreover, iberin administration increased the expression of antioxidant signaling pathways, such as Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). Furthermore, we found that iberin could inhibit the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K)-S6 ribosomal protein (S6) pathways in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. In conclusion, iberin reduced inflammatory mediator expression in human oral epithelial cells by preventing the activation of particular signal transduction pathways

3D imaging of proximal caries in posterior teeth using optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can create cross-sectional images of tooth without X-ray exposure. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D imaging of OCT for proximal caries in posterior teeth. Thirty-six human molar teeth with 51 proximal surfaces visibly 6 intact, 16 slightly demineralized, and 29 distinct carious changes were mounted to take digital radiographs and 3D OCT images. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of enamel caries and dentin caries were calculated to quantify the diagnostic ability of 3D OCT in comparison with digital radiography. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by the agreement with histology using weighted Kappa. OCT showed significantly higher sensitivity, AUC and Kappa values than radiography. OCT can be a safer option for the diagnosis of proximal caries in posterior teeth that can be applied to the patients without X-ray exposure

極域の雪氷アルベド変更実験

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Evaluation of Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process (SMAP) model in Greenland

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回気水圏シンポジウム 11月15日（火） 統計数理研究所 セミナー室

Chirality Emergence in Thin Solid Films of Amino Acids by Polarized Light from Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Laser

One of the most attractive hypothesis for the origin of homochirality in terrestrial bioorganic compounds is that a kind of “chiral impulse” as an asymmetric excitation source induced asymmetric reactions on the surfaces of such materials such as meteorites or interstellar dusts prior to the existence of terrestrial life (Cosmic Scenario). To experimentally introduce chiral structure into racemic films of amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, isovaline, etc.), we irradiated them with linearly polarized light (LPL) from synchrotron radiation and circularly polarized light (CPL) from a free electron laser. After the irradiation, we evaluated optical anisotropy by measuring the circular dichroism (CD) spectra and verified that new Cotton peaks appeared at almost the same peak position as those of the corresponding non-racemic amino acid films. With LPL irradiation, two-dimensional anisotropic structure expressed as linear dichroism and/or linear birefringence was introduced into the racemic films. With CPL irradiation, the signs of the Cotton peaks exhibit symmetrical structure corresponding to the direction of CPL rotation. This indicates that some kinds of chiral structure were introduced into the racemic film. The CD spectra after CPL irradiation suggest the chiral structure should be derived from not only preferential photolysis but also from photolysis-induced molecular structural change. These results suggest that circularly polarized light sources in space could be associated with the origin of terrestrial homochirality; that is, they would be effective asymmetric exciting sources introducing chiral structures into bio-organic molecules or complex organic compounds

ヒガシニホンダイシンサイ ニ オケル ヒサイシャ シエン ノ カダイ ト コンゴ ノ テンカイ ジリツシエン オ メザス チイキ シエン ノ シテン カラ

目的：本稿は，仮設期と復興期の重複期を「復興複合期」ととらえてその被災者支援のあり方を検討するため，仮設期におけるこれまでの特に地域支援の到達点を調べるとともに，「復興複合期」に求められる自立支援の方法上の課題を整理し，地域支え合いや地域コミュニティづくりへの支援を中心に論ずる．方法：仮設期から復興期の連続性に注目する上で地域支援に焦点を置き，被災3県の「サポートセンター」を全数調査して得られた地域支援の成果と課題について比較と分析を行なった．また，宮城県独自の支援システムである「宮城県サポートセンター支援事務所」と補完機能を担う中間支援NPOが行う人材育成支援，住民主体で生まれてきた今後につながる地域支え合い活動，「サポートセンター」機能の今後の展開への示唆として制度外対応拠点の機能分析についても，調査を行なった．結果とまとめ：「サポートセンター」調査からは，個別支援のみならず多様な地域支援機能の成果が見られた．一方，コミュニティの変化に対応し得るためのコミュニティづくりのマネジャー的な人材の育成，3県を横断するようなネットワークの必要性などの課題も明らかとなった．宮城県では，「宮城県サポートセンター支援事務所」や中間支援NPOであるCLCにより地域支援の人材育成の研修プログラムが開発され，「制度の横断化」が可能となることで，様々な形態で雇用されている被災者支援従事者の互いの理解の促進や，県下の被災者支援の質の底上げにもつながっている．復興複合期における地域支援では，「自立支援の視点からの地域支援」が求められるようになる．専門職中心のシステム化や新たなシステムの導入よりも，支え合いや支援の圏域や拠点に関してエリアを確定しつつ，これまで生まれてきた多様な機能・資源をエリア内でネットワーク化し「地域としての支え合いの力」を高めることが有効であると考える．また，コミュニティの変化や被災者の居住地の拡散が進む中で，より広域的なネットワークの必要性があり，マネジメント人材の育成や横断的に活動できる中間支援組織の必要性が求められている