More than a Match: The Role of Football in Britain’s Deaf Community

The University of Central Lancashire has undertaken a major research project into the role of football within the deaf community in Britain. As well as reconstructing the long history of deaf involvement in football for the first time, the project has also focused on the way in which football has provided deaf people with a means of developing and maintaining social contacts within the community, and of expressing the community’s cultural values. This article will draw on primary data gathered from interviews conducted with people involved in deaf football in a variety of capacities. During the course of these interviews, a number of themes and issues emerged relating to the values and benefits those involved with deaf football place on the game, and it is these which are explored here

The EC Water Framework Directive and its implications for the Environment Agency

The bulk of the European Community's water policy legislation was developed between the mid 1970s and the early 1990s. These directives addressed specific substances, sources, uses or processes but caused problems with differing methods definitions and aims. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to resolve the piecemeal approach. The Environemnt Agency (EA) welcomes and supported the overall objective of establishing a coherent legislative framework. The EA has been discussing the implications of the WFD with European partners and has developed a timetable for the implementation and a special team will commission necessary research

Alternating Least-Squares for Low-Rank Matrix Reconstruction

For reconstruction of low-rank matrices from undersampled measurements, we develop an iterative algorithm based on least-squares estimation. While the algorithm can be used for any low-rank matrix, it is also capable of exploiting a-priori knowledge of matrix structure. In particular, we consider linearly structured matrices, such as Hankel and Toeplitz, as well as positive semidefinite matrices. The performance of the algorithm, referred to as alternating least-squares (ALS), is evaluated by simulations and compared to the Cram\'er-Rao bounds.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Multiphase modeling of melting : solidification with high density variations using XFEM

La modélisation de la cryolite, utilisée dans la fabrication de l’aluminium, implique plusieurs défis, notament la présence de discontinuités dans la solution et l’inclusion de la difference de densité entre les phases solide et liquide. Pour surmonter ces défis, plusieurs éléments novateurs ont été développés dans cette thèse. En premier lieu, le problème du changement de phase, communément appelé problème de Stefan, a été résolu en deux dimensions en utilisant la méthode des éléments finis étendue. Une formulation utilisant un multiplicateur de Lagrange stable spécialement développée et une interpolation enrichie a été utilisée pour imposer la température de fusion à l’interface. La vitesse de l’interface est déterminée par le saut dans le flux de chaleur à travers l’interface et a été calculée en utilisant la solution du multiplicateur de Lagrange. En second lieu, les effets convectifs ont été inclus par la résolution des équations de Stokes dans la phase liquide en utilisant la méthode des éléments finis étendue aussi. Troisièmement, le changement de densité entre les phases solide et liquide, généralement négligé dans la littérature, a été pris en compte par l’ajout d’une condition aux limites de vitesse non nulle à l’interface solide-liquide pour respecter la conservation de la masse dans le système. Des problèmes analytiques et numériques ont été résolus pour valider les divers composants du modèle et le système d’équations couplés. Les solutions aux problèmes numériques ont été comparées aux solutions obtenues avec l’algorithme de déplacement de maillage de Comsol. Ces comparaisons démontrent que le modèle par éléments finis étendue reproduit correctement le problème de changement phase avec densités variables.The modelling of the cryolite bath, used in the smelting of aluminum, offers multiple challenges, particularly the presence of discontinuities in the solution and a difference in density between the solid and liquid phases. To over come these challenges, several novel elements were developed in this thesis. First of all, the phase change problem, commonly named the Stefan problem, was solved in two dimensions using the extended finite element method. A specially designed Lagrange multiplier formulation, using an enriched Lagrange multiplier solution, was implemented to impose the melting temperature on the interface. The interface velocity is determined by the jump in the heat flux across the interface and was calculated using the Lagrange multiplier values. Secondly, convection was included by solving the Stokes equations in the liquid phase using the extended finite element method as well. Thirdly, the density change between solid and liquid phases, usually neglected in the literature, was taken into account by the addition of a non-zero velocity boundary condition at the solid-liquid interface to maintain mass conservation in the system. Benchmark analytical and numerical problems were solved to validated the various components of the model and the coupled system of equations. The solutions to the numerical problems were compared to the solutions obtained using Comsol’s moving mesh algorithm. Theses comparisons show that the extended finite element method correctly solves the phase change problem with non-constant densities

Complexity in Designing Energy Efficient Buildings: Towards Understanding Decision Networks in Design

Most important decisions for designing energy efficient buildings are made in the early stages of design. Designing is a complex interdisciplinary task, and energy efficiency requirements are pushing boundaries even further. This study analyzes the level of complexity for energy efficient building design and possible remedies for managing or reducing the complexity. Methodologically, we used the design structure matrix for mapping the current design tasks and hierarchical decomposition of lifecycle analysis for visualizing the interdependency of the design tasks and design disciplines and how changes propagate throughout the system, tasks and disciplines. We have visualized the interdependency of design tasks and design disciplines and how changes propagate throughout the system. Current design of energy efficiency building is a linear and one-shot approach without iterations planned into the process. Broken management techniques do not help to reduce the complexit

Critical re-assessment of conventional wisdom on the topic of Englishness is overdue

Is Englishness a contemporary invention or a resurgent sensibility? What is the shape and character of a re-awakened sense of English nationhood? The complexity and difficulties inherent in answering these and other questions means there is a growing imperative for political scientists to reflect more self-consciously upon questions of evidence, methodology and interpretation in this area, writes Michael Kenny

‘Things were better in the past’: Brexit and the Westminster fallacy of democratic nostalgia

Dave Richards and Martin Smith examine why Brexiteers want to ‘take back control’ and how this desire is not only paradoxical but part of a ‘democratic nostalgia’ which could further exacerbate political disengagement

Brexit, Whitehall, and the demise of Haldane: the need for a new minister-civil servant relationship?

Brexit poses significant challenges to Whitehall, and raises questions about whether the Civil Service is up to the task of negotiating a new settlement for Britain’s place in the world, write Dave Richards and Martin Smith. Outlining the development of Whitehall reforms, they explain why a very different ministerial-civil service relationship is needed, as well as an overhaul of the Westminster Mode

The strange resurrection of the British Political Tradition

There is an urgent need to move beyond a nineteenth century set of ideas about democracy and governance – the so-called British Political Tradition – that should by now have long been consigned to history, write Dave Richards and Martin Smith. The Conservatives, however, may use their slim majority and narrow electoral base to veto any real changes