3,578 research outputs found
Description of the inelastic collision of two solitary waves for the BBM equation
We prove that the collision of two solitary waves of the BBM equation is
inelastic but almost elastic in the case where one solitary wave is small in
the energy space. We show precise estimates of the nonzero residue due to the
collision. Moreover, we give a precise description of the collision phenomenon
(change of size of the solitary waves).Comment: submitted for publication. Corrected typo in Theorem 1.
Anisotropic Galactic Outflows and Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium. I: Monte Carlo Simulations
We have developed an analytical model to describe the evolution of
anisotropic galactic outflows. With it, we investigate the impact of varying
opening angle on galaxy formation and the evolution of the IGM. We have
implemented this model in a Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate galaxy formation
and outflows in a cosmological context. Using this algorithm, we have simulated
the evolution of a comoving volume of size [12h^(-1)Mpc]^3 in the LCDM
universe. Starting from a Gaussian density field at redshift z=24, we follow
the formation of ~20,000 galaxies, and simulate the galactic outflows produced
by these galaxies. When these outflows collide with density peaks, ram pressure
stripping of the gas inside the peak may result. This occurs in around half the
cases and prevents the formation of galaxies. Anisotropic outflows follow the
path of least resistance, and thus travel preferentially into low-density
regions, away from cosmological structures (filaments and pancakes) where
galaxies form. As a result, the number of collisions is reduced, leading to the
formation of a larger number of galaxies. Anisotropic outflows can
significantly enrich low-density systems with metals. Conversely, the
cross-pollution in metals of objects located in a common cosmological
structure, like a filament, is significantly reduced. Highly anisotropic
outflows can travel across cosmological voids and deposit metals in other,
unrelated cosmological structures.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures (2 color). Revised version accepted in Ap
Microfluidic-SANS: flow processing of complex fluids
Understanding and engineering the flow-response of complex and non-Newtonian fluids at a molecular level is a key challenge for their practical utilisation. Here we demonstrate the coupling of microfluidics with small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Microdevices with high neutron transmission (up to 98%), low scattering background ([Image: see text]), broad solvent compatibility and high pressure tolerance (≈3–15 bar) are rapidly prototyped via frontal photo polymerisation. Scattering from single microchannels of widths down to 60 μm, with beam footprint of 500 μm diameter, was successfully obtained in the scattering vector range 0.01–0.3 Å(−1), corresponding to real space dimensions of [Image: see text]. We demonstrate our approach by investigating the molecular re-orientation and alignment underpinning the flow response of two model complex fluids, namely cetyl trimethylammonium chloride/pentanol/D(2)O and sodium lauryl sulfate/octanol/brine lamellar systems. Finally, we assess the applicability and outlook of microfluidic-SANS for high-throughput and flow processing studies, with emphasis of soft matter
Stable self-similar blow-up dynamics for slightly -supercritical generalized KdV equations
In this paper we consider the slightly -supercritical gKdV equations
, with the nonlinearity
and . We will prove the existence and
stability of a blow-up dynamic with self-similar blow-up rate in the energy
space and give a specific description of the formation of the singularity
near the blow-up time.Comment: 38 page
Giacobini-Zinner comet: Polarimetric and physical observations
The results of observations of the Giacobini-Zinner comet on 25 and 31 October 1959 are presented. The magnitude of the comet was measured photoelectrically in two spectral regions. The radius is on the order of one kilometer. The photoelectric measurements of comets 1959b and 1957c were used to measure the abundances of the CN and C2 radicals and of solid particles in the heads
Understanding the Equilibrium Structure of CDM Halos
N-body simulations find a universal structure for the halos which result from
the nonlinear growth of Gaussian-random-noise density fluctuations in the CDM
universe. This talk summarized our attempts to derive and explain this
universal structure by analytical approximation and simplified models. As an
example, we show here that a 1D spherical infall model involving a fluid
approximation derived from the Boltzmann equation can explain not only the halo
density profile but its phase-space density profile, as well.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of 21st IAP colloquium, "Mass Profiles
and Shapes of Comological Structures
Light Propagation in Inhomogeneous Universes. IV. Strong Lensing and Environmental Effects
We study the gravitational lensing of high-redshift sources in a LCDM
universe. We have performed a series of ray-tracing experiments, and selected a
subsample of cases of strong lensing (multiple images, arcs, and Einstein
rings). For each case, we identify a massive galaxy that is primarily
responsible for lensing, and studied how the various density inhomogeneities
along the line of sight (other galaxies, background matter) affect the
properties of the image. The matter located near the lensing galaxy, and
physically associated with it, has a small effect. The background matter
increases the magnification by a few percents at most, while nearby galaxies
can increase it by up to about 10 percent. The effect on the image separation
is even smaller. The only significant effect results from the random alignment
of physically unassociated galaxies, which can increase the magnification by
factors of several, create additional images, and turn arcs into rings. We
conclude that the effect of environment on strong lensing in negligible in
general, and might be important only in rare cases. We show that our conclusion
does not depend on the radial density profile of the galaxies responsible for
lensing.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures (one in color). Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journal. Minor typos correcte
Comparaison performance-taille des fonds mutuels par une analyse multicritère
L’objet de cette étude est de vérifier si certaines caractéristiques de « risque et de rendement » des fonds mutuels sont clairement reliées à la taille de ces fonds. On se place donc dans un contexte multidimensionnel, où l’on cherche à prendre simultanément en compte les diverses caractéristiques d’un tel placement. Cette vérification est effectuée à l’aide d’une analyse multicritère s’inspirant de la méthode PROMETHEE, laquelle se fonde sur des relations de surclassement.Ce type d’analyse permet également d’expliciter l’impact que peut avoir l’importance relative accordée aux critères, sur la performance des fonds.The purpose of this paper is to verify if some risk-return characteristics of mutual funds are clearly related to their size. Assuming a multidimensional setting where various funds characteristics can be explicitly and simultaneously considered. The paper applies PROMETHEE methodology, based on outranking relations, to make this verification.Such a multicriterion analysis also allows an explicit measure of the impact of the weight given to each criterion on the performance of the funds
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