La fotografía como método de aprendizaje autónoma: Creación de imágenes didácticas

Alumnos de diferentes asignaturas y grados impartidos en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad de Granada participaron en un sistema de prácticas innovador. Tuvieron que crear un Dossier de imágenes (obtenidas a través de fotografías realizadas por ellos) donde representaban los principales conceptos de la asignatura. De esta forma, los estudiantes podrían aplicar los conocimientos teóricos a la práctica mediante la identificación de los mismos en su realidad más cercana. Los dossiers creados fueron los materiales utilizados para discutir y conversar en clase acerca de los distintos conceptos. Los estudiantes mostraron un alto nivel de entendimiento de los conceptos tras la realización de las prácticas. Así mismo, reportaron altos niveles de diversión y motivación. Los alumnos vieron desarrolladas algunas competencias importantes como las de escucha, trabajo en equipo, desarrollo de la creatividad, desarrollo de la imaginación y el tomar la iniciativa. En último lugar, los alumnos mostraron una preferencia clara hacia este sistema de prácticas más cercano, visual y dinámico.Students of different subjects and degrees at the Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences of the University of Granada, participated in an innovative internship system. They had to create a Dossier of images (obtained through photographs taken by them) where they represented the main concepts of the subject. In this way, students could apply theoretical knowledge to practice by identifying them in their closest reality. The dossiers created were the materials used to discuss and talk in class about the different concepts. The students showed a high level of understanding of the concepts after carrying out the practices. Likewise, they reported high levels of fun and motivation. The students saw some important skills developed such as listening, teamwork, developing creativity, developing imagination and taking initiative. Lastly, the students showed a clear preference towards this closer, visual and dynamic practice system.Unidad de calidad, innovación docente y prospectiva (Proyectos de Innovación Docente BÁSICOS I, dentro de la Convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovación Docente y Buenas Prácticas del Plan FIDO UGR 2020-2022)

Ventajas e inconvenientes del uso de muestras de estudiantes en cuestionarios online

The use of student samples in consumer research has been widely used since the beginning of the discipline, although this practice has not been without criticism from the academy. In this paper we use the results of two studies conducted on a sample of college students and another obtained from the general population which answered the same questionnaire online. The results show that while the samples of students can provide better response rates, they present a problem because they do not get results similar to those that provide individuals with samples with greater diversity in age and educational level. Thus, while student samples are shown useful in the study of consumer behavior, researchers who use them should be cautious when extrapolating the results to larger populations.  La utilización de muestras de estudiantes en la investigación del consumidor ha estado presente desde prácticamente  los comienzos de la disciplina. No obstante dicha práctica no ha estado exenta de críticas por parte de la academia. En el presente trabajo se utilizan los resultados de dos estudios realizados a una muestra de estudiantes universitarios y a otra obtenida de la población general las cuales contestaron al mismo cuestionario online. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que, si bien las muestras de estudiantes pueden proporcionar mejores ratios de respuesta, pueden representar un problema al no obtener resultados similares a los que proporcionan muestras con individuos con mayor diversidad en edad y en nivel educativo. Por tanto, si bien las muestras de estudiantes son de utilidad en el estudio del comportamiento del consumidor, los investigadores que las utilicen deberían ser cautelosos a la hora de extrapolar los resultados obtenidos a poblaciones más amplias. ABSTRACT The use of student samples in consumer research has been widely used since the beginning of the discipline, although this practice has not been without criticism from the academy. In this paper we use the results of two studies conducted on a sample of college students and another obtained from the general population which answered the same questionnaire online. The results show that while the samples of students can provide better response rates, they present a problem because they do not get results similar to those that provide individuals with samples with greater diversity in age and educational level. Thus, while student samples are shown useful in the study of consumer behavior, researchers who use them should be cautious when extrapolating the results to larger populations. &nbsp

El papel de la motivación auto-determinada en el entendimiento de actitudes e intenciones hacia la compra de productos ecológicos

This paper analyzes the degree to which environmental self-determined motivation of individuals contributes to the formation of attitudes towards sustainable behavior. To this end, a theoretical model in which self-determined influences attitudes, and these attitudes influence the behavioral intention to purchase products that are environmentally friendly has been developed. Through an online survey, a sample of 715 individuals was obtained. Structural equation analysis concludes that the self-determined motivation positively and directly influences the attitude towards behaviors that mitigate the effects of climate change, and determines positively and indirectly the frequency with which individuals intend to behave.El presente trabajo analiza el grado en el que la motivación medioambiental auto-determinada del individuo contribuye a la formación de la actitud hacia el comportamiento ecológico. Con tal finalidad, se desarrolla un modelo teórico en el que la auto-determinación influye sobre las actitudes, y éstas sobre la intención de comportamiento de compra de productos respetuosos con el medio ambiente. Mediante una encuesta online, se obtuvo una muestra de 715. A través del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales se concluye que la motivación auto-determinada influye positiva y directamente en la actitud hacia comportamientos que mitigan los efectos del cambio climático, y positiva e indirectamente en el grado de frecuencia con el que se tiene la intención de realizar dichos comportamientos.ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the degree to which environmental self-determined motivation of individuals contributes to the formation of attitudes towards sustainable behavior. To this end, a theoretical model in which self-determined influences attitudes, and these attitudes influence the behavioral intention to purchase products that are environmentally friendly has been developed. Through an online survey, a sample of 715 individuals was obtained. Structural equation analysis concludes that the self-determined motivation positively and directly influences the attitude towards behaviors that mitigate the effects of climate change, and determines positively and indirectly the frequency with which individuals intend to behave

Gender as a moderating element of customer satisfaction with electronic banking? An empirical study

The importance of Electronic Banking as an alternative channel for marketing products and services, along with the associated cost savings, has brought about significant changes in the financial sector in recent years. Electronic Banking has become a differentiator among financial institutions, which has led to an attempt to increase customer satisfaction level by fulfilling their expectations. Accordingly, the goal of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the satisfaction level of Electronic Banking users in Spain, following a proposed behavioural model, in addition to determining the influence of the gender variable on our analysis, as a moderator in such relationships. The usefulness of this type of research for financial institutions lies in the support they provide in defining customer profiles. When compared to other similar online satisfaction survey studies, this paper is a pioneer in using empirical analysis to study the effects of gender on customer satisfaction in online banking

Riesgo percibido en la construcción en España y Perú: un estudio exploratorio

Introducción: El sector de la construcción es uno de los más peligrosos. Se midió la percepcióndel riesgo que poseen los trabajadores de la construcción. La cultura puede afectar la percepción riesgo. Objetivos: Dar a conocer el riesgo que perciben los trabajadores de la construcción en Españay Perú, comparar y discutir las similitudes y diferencias entre países. Materiales y métodos: Estudiode carácter exploratorio transversal. Se utilizaron dos muestras de trabajadores: Españoles (N=204) yPeruanos (N=210) obtenidas en obras de edificación, obras civiles y centros de formación. El métodode cuantificación es el paradigma psicométrico y su adaptación a la seguridad ocupacional de Portell Solé en la NTP 578 del INSHT de España. Se utilizaron 9 atributos cualitativos del riesgo y un atributocuantitativo global. Estos atributos se miden mediante escalas Likert de 1 a 7 puntos, mientras que elatributo cuantitativo global se mide mediante una escala de 1 a 100. Resultados: Los trabajadores ambientes con riesgos potenciales o con maquinaria pesada tienen una percepción alta del riesgo. trabajadores de ambos países consideran que poseen suficiente conocimiento sobre la seguridad en trabajo. Los trabajadores españoles consideran que sus responsables de seguridad y salud no poseensuficiente conocimiento, siendo mejor puntuados en Perú. La probabilidad de ocurrencia obtuvo baja puntuación. La medida cuantitativa global del riesgo no obtuvo diferencia estadísticamente significativaentre ambos países. Conclusiones: se debe estudiar el riesgo percibido en la construcción para mejorarlas condiciones de salud de sus trabajadores.Palabras clave: riesgo ocupacional, psicometría, industria de la construcción, salud laboral, cultura.Forma de citar: Rodríguez-Garzón I, Castilla-Rodríguez B, Martínez-Fiestas M. Riesgo percibido en la construcciónen España y Perú: un estudio exploratorio. rev.univ.ind.santander.salud 2014; 46 (3): 277-285.Perceived risk in construction companies in Spain and Peru: an exploratory studyIntroduction: The building sector is one of the most dangerous. It was measured the risk perception possessed by construction workers. Culture can affect risk perception. Objectives: Show the risk perceived by construction workers in Spain and Peru, compare and discuss the similarities and differences between countries. Materials and methods: An exploratory, cross sectional study. Two samples of workers were used: Spanish (N=204) and Peruvian (N=210), obtained in building works, civil works and training centers. The quantification method used is the psychometric paradigm and its adaptation to the Portell & Solé´s occupational safety in the NPT of INSHT from Spain. Were used 9 qualitative attributes of risk and a global quantitative attribute. These attributes are measured by Likert scale from 1 to 7 points, while the global quantitative attribute is measured on a scale of 1 to 100. Results: Workers in environments with potential hazards or heavy machinery have a high perception of risk. Workers in both countries considered that have knowledge enough about safety at work. Spanish workers consider their health and safety managers do not have enough knowledge, being better rated in Peru. The probability of incident obtained low score. The global quantitative measure of risk did not obtain statistically significant difference between the two countries. Conclusions: perceived risk in construction should be studied to improve the health of their workers.Key words: Occupational risk, psychometrics, construction industry, occupational health, culture.

The perceived risk and safety management

Introducción: El personal de emergencia convive habitualmente con riesgos inherentes a su profesión.Objetivos: Profundizar acerca del concepto del riesgo percibido como herramienta para gestionar el riesgo ocupacional. Materiales y métodos: El modelo utilizado para la cuantificación del riesgo ha sido el paradigma psicométrico. De esta forma, se realizaron encuestas anónimas en las diferentes estaciones de bomberos. El cuestionario contenía preguntas sociodemográficas, nueve preguntas acerca de distintos atributos del riesgo y una pregunta acerca de la percepción del riesgo en general del sujeto. Resultados: El análisis estadístico muestra dos grupos claramente diferenciados en cuanto a su percepción del riesgo, siendo uno de ellos caracterizado por tener sus integrantes una alta percepción del riesgo y el otro por tener una baja percepción del riesgo. Por último, se muestra que solamente el nivel educacional era una variable significativa en la explicación del riesgo percibido. Conclusiones: Los resultados son discutidos en función de la literatura existente concluyendo que se debe formar a los trabajadores para elevar su percepción del riesgo. Introduction: Firefighters are workers who usually live with risks inherent with their profession. Objectives: To delve about the concept of perceived risk as a tool for managing occupational risk. Materials and methods: The model used for risk quantification was the psychometric paradigm. Thus, anonymous surveys were conducted at different fire stations. The questionnaire contained demographic questions, nine questions on various attributes of risk and a question about risk perception of the subject in general. Results: Statistical analysis showed two distinct groups in terms of their perception of risk. The first group is represented by members with a high perception of risk and the second one with low risk  perception. Finally, it is showed that educational level was only a significant variable for perceived risk explaining. Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of existing literature concluding that training workers is necessary to raise their perception of risk

The perceived risk and safety management

Introducción: El personal de emergencia convive habitualmente con riesgos inherentes a su profesión.Objetivos: Profundizar acerca del concepto del riesgo percibido como herramienta para gestionar el riesgo ocupacional. Materiales y métodos: El modelo utilizado para la cuantificación del riesgo ha sido el paradigma psicométrico. De esta forma, se realizaron encuestas anónimas en las diferentes estaciones de bomberos. El cuestionario contenía preguntas sociodemográficas, nueve preguntas acerca de distintos atributos del riesgo y una pregunta acerca de la percepción del riesgo en general del sujeto. Resultados: El análisis estadístico muestra dos grupos claramente diferenciados en cuanto a su percepción del riesgo, siendo uno de ellos caracterizado por tener sus integrantes una alta percepción del riesgo y el otro por tener una baja percepción del riesgo. Por último, se muestra que solamente el nivel educacional era una variable significativa en la explicación del riesgo percibido. Conclusiones: Los resultados son discutidos en función de la literatura existente concluyendo que se debe formar a los trabajadores para elevar su percepción del riesgo. Introduction: Firefighters are workers who usually live with risks inherent with their profession. Objectives: To delve about the concept of perceived risk as a tool for managing occupational risk. Materials and methods: The model used for risk quantification was the psychometric paradigm. Thus, anonymous surveys were conducted at different fire stations. The questionnaire contained demographic questions, nine questions on various attributes of risk and a question about risk perception of the subject in general. Results: Statistical analysis showed two distinct groups in terms of their perception of risk. The first group is represented by members with a high perception of risk and the second one with low risk  perception. Finally, it is showed that educational level was only a significant variable for perceived risk explaining. Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of existing literature concluding that training workers is necessary to raise their perception of risk

Factores conformantes del riesgo percibido en los trabajadores de la construcción

This article is an exploratory study of perceived risk in the construction sector. We used a sample of 514 workers in Spain, Peru and Nicaragua. The method used was the psychometric paradigm and, under its assumptions we have studied nine factors or qualitative attributes of risk. The main statistical analysis was carried out using a classification tree. As a result is obtained that four of the nine attributes studied predict significantly the perceived risk of the sample. The attribute on the delay of the consequences has been the most important predictor in the model, followed by the attribute that explores the potential catastrophic risk and the attribute that explores the serious consequences. Finally the attribute related to the personal vulnerability has emerged. The implications of the results are exposed.Este artículo es un estudio exploratorio acerca del riesgo percibido en el sector de la construcción. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 514 trabajadores de España, Perú y Nicaragua. El método utilizado ha sido el paradigma psicométrico y bajo sus premisas se han estudiado nueve factores o atributos cualitativos del riesgo. El análisis estadístico principal se ha desarrollado mediante un Árbol de clasificación. Como resultado se ha obtenido que cuatro de los nueve atributos estudiados predicen de manera significativa el riesgo percibido de la muestra. El atributo relativo a la demora de las consecuencias ha resultado ser el más importante en dicho modelo de predicción, seguido por el atributo que explora el potencial catastrófico del riesgo y el atributo que explora la gravedad de las consecuencias. Por último ha emergido el atributo relacionado con la vulnerabilidad personal. Las implicaciones de los resultados son expuestas

Adolescent emotions toward sweet food cues as a function of obesity and risky dieting practices

This study examined whether poor health habits – those associated with a higher risk of developing eating disorders or obesity – modified adolescents’ emotions toward sweet food cues. We aimed to answer the following questions: Is adolescent obesity accompanied by excessive enjoyment of sweets? Or is any risk habit, regardless its stronger association with obesity or disordered eating, associated with less food enjoyment? 552 Spanish adolescents (279 females) viewed pictures of sweets interspersed with emotional images as controls. Participants recorded their feelings of pleasure, activation, control, and food craving while looking at each picture; then answered questions on their general health, food intake, and physical activity; finally, their body mass index was estimated. We performed MANCOVAs on feelings during sweets, including individual risk habits as factors, and sex, age, and hunger as covariates. We performed the same analysis on emotional and neutral images. Results revealed that among risk habits, obesity and unhealthy dieting practices were accompanied by less enjoyment of sweets (mostly less pleasure and less food craving). On the contrary, risk habits had no effect on adolescents’ feelings during emotional stimuli, unrelated to food. Thus, the presence of habits linked to obesity and disordered eating was associated with reduced reward value of sweet food cues, supporting the need to approach both disorders from an integrative perspective. Consistent with recent prevention strategies, the results suggest the potential role of food enjoyment as a protective factor

EL PAPEL DE LA MOTIVACIÓN AUTO-DETERMINADA EN EL ENTENDIMIENTO DE ACTITUDES E INTENCIONES HACIA LA COMPRA DE PRODUCTOS ECOLÓGICOS

This paper analyzes the degree to which environmental self-determined motivation of individuals contributes to the formation of attitudes towards sustainable behavior. To this end, a theoretical model in which self-determined influences attitudes, and these attitudes influence the behavioral intention to purchase products that are environmentally friendly has been developed. Through an online survey, a sample of 715 individuals was obtained. Structural equation analysis concludes that the self-determined motivation positively and directly influences the attitude towards behaviors that mitigate the effects of climate change, and determines positively and indirectly the frequency with which individuals intend to behave