Theoretical interpretation of the HEAO-3 observations of Cygnus X-3 under the HEAO-3 Guest Investigator Program

A model of the galactic X-ray source Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3) is presented which deviates from previous models by positing that the X-rays originate in a jet rather than a binary system consiting of an ordinary star and a collapsed object. In the new model, the 4.8 hour period of Cyg X-3 is caused by variable absorption which occurs as the jet precesses. The primary role of the accretion disk corona (ADC) in modulating Cyg X-3 radiation is to make the observed intensity of a blob of material in a jet appear dimmer by absorption. The needed derivation of the positional dependence of the density of the ADC is freed of some complications by assuming that only the inner regions of the disk are precessing, with a period shorter than 4.8 hours. This model permits the secondary star to be a supergiant, as indicated by the luminosity of the system. The model is especially helpful in interpreting production of radio outbursts and very high energy gamma rays

Multi-waveband Emission Maps of Blazars

We are leading a comprehensive multi-waveband monitoring program of 34 gamma-ray bright blazars designed to locate the emission regions of blazars from radio to gamma-ray frequencies. The "maps" are anchored by sequences of images in both total and polarized intensity obtained with the VLBA at an angular resolution of ~ 0.1 milliarcseconds. The time-variable linear polarization at radio to optical wavelengths and radio to gamma-ray light curves allow us to specify the locations of flares relative to bright stationary features seen in the images and to infer the geometry of the magnetic field in different regions of the jet. Our data reveal that some flares occur simultaneously at different wavebands and others are only seen at some of the frequencies. The flares are often triggered by a superluminal knot passing through the stationary "core" on the VLBA images. Other flares occur upstream or even parsecs downstream of the core.Comment: 5 pages, including 2 figures; to be published in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, as part of proceedings of the meeting "Multiwavelength Variability of Blazars" held in Guangzhou, China, in September 201

On the nature of an ejection event in the jet of 3C111

We present a possible scenario for the ejection of a superluminal component in the jet of the Broad Line Radio Galaxy 3C111 in early 1996. VLBI observations at 15 GHz discovered the presence of two jet features on scales smaller than one parsec. The first component evolves downstream, whereas the second one fades out after 1 parsec. We propose the injection of a perturbation of dense material followed by a decrease in the injection rate of material in the jet as a plausible explanation. This scenario is supported by 1D relativistic hydrodynamics and emission simulations. The perturbation is modeled as an increase in the jet density, without modifying the original Lorentz factor in the initial conditions. We show that an increase of the Lorentz factor in the material of the perturbation fails to reproduce the observed evolution of this flare. We are able to estimate the lifetime of the ejection event in 3C111 to be 36\pm7 days.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letter

Faraday Conversion in Turbulent Blazar Jets

Low ($\lesssim 1\%$) levels of circular polarization (CP) detected at radio frequencies in the relativistic jets of some blazars can provide insight into the underlying nature of the jet plasma. CP can be produced through linear birefringence, in which initially linearly polarized emission produced in one region of the jet is altered by Faraday rotation as it propagates through other regions of the jet with varying magnetic field orientation. Marscher has begun a study of jets with such magnetic geometries using the Turbulent Extreme Multi-Zone (TEMZ) model, in which turbulent plasma crossing a standing shock in the jet is represented by a collection of thousands of individual plasma cells, each with distinct magnetic field orientations. Here we develop a radiative transfer scheme that allows the numerical TEMZ code to produce simulated images of the time-dependent linearly and circularly polarized intensity at different radio frequencies. In this initial study, we produce synthetic polarized emission maps that highlight the linear and circular polarization expected within the model.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

High-resolution polarization imaging of the Fermi blazar 3C 279

Ever since the discovery by the Fermi mission that active galactic nuclei (AGN) produce copious amounts of high-energy emission, its origin has remained elusive. Using high-frequency radio interferometry (VLBI) polarization imaging, we could probe the magnetic field topology of the compact high-energy emission regions in blazars. A case study for the blazar 3C 279 reveals the presence of multiple g -ray emission regions. Pass 8 Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) data are used to investigate the flux variations in the GeV regime; six g -ray flares were observed in the source during November 2013 to August 2014. We use the 43 GHz VLBI data to study the morphological changes in the jet. Ejection of a new component (NC2) during the first three g -ray flares suggests the VLBI core as the possible site of the high-energy emission. A delay between the last three flares and the ejection of a new component (NC3) indicates that highenergy emission in this case is located upstream of the 43 GHz core (closer to the black hole).Accepted manuscrip

Expected level of self-Compton scattering in radio loud quasars

Radio-loud quasars usually contain parsec-scale nonthermal jets. The most compact emission region ('the core'), and perhaps some of the moving 'knots', are expected to be efficient producers of inverse Compton scattered X-rays and gamma-rays since many of the synchrotron photons will upscatter before escaping. Through multifrequency flux density observations and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) measurements of angular sizes, one can predict the flux density of this self-Compton high-energy emission. It is not always the case that the brightest synchrotron sources are also the brightest X-ray and gamma-ray sources. Perhaps a better predictor of high-energy brightness is the ratio of hard X-ray to high-frequency radio emission. Using the synchrotron self-Compton relations, we predict the gamma-ray fluxes of several sources we expect to be detected by the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET). More accurate predictions will be made when we complete a program of contemporaneous radio-submillimeter and X-ray observations during the course of the EGRET all-sky survey