POSSIBILITIES, LIMITATIONS AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS IN HEALTCARE

The increasing importance of achieving sustainable development is largely positively influenced the emergence and increasing the level of application of artificial intelligence in different spheres of human activity, but especially in the field of health care. It is this trend and initiated that in work devote special attention to precisely to the analysis of potential opportunities, and economic effects of the use of artificial intelligence in the direction of improving efficiency, but the economic effects of health car

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION "Y" AND "Z" GENERATION

The growth of world population, market globalization, unethical business practices of large companies, irresponsible consumer behavior threatening to completely degrade the health of the planet. Consumerist society requires the purchase and possession of things as imperatives to a good life, which in turn leads to the creation of large quantities of waste. The concept of sustainable development and the circular economy have long been present in academic literature, but the question is how much they are represented in practice. Planet needs "green" consumers whose consumption will not affect the health of the environment. From the young generations, Y and Z, much is expected. Are they ready to initiate change and make the planet a healthier place to live for both existing and future generations? There are a number of studies on this topic and opinions are of course divided. One group of authors consider them agents of change, while others point out that their behavior is not very different from their predecessors and that it is necessary to provide them with education on all current environmental issues and problems

Importance of microsatellite instability determination as genetic marker in colorectal cancer

UVOD: Nastanak i klinički tok kolorektalnog karcinoma (CRC) rezultat je mnogobrojnih genetskih faktora i faktora sredine, i njihovih interakcija. Mikrosatelitna nestabilnost (MSI) je genetski marker koji se koristi u dijagnostici Lynch sindroma. U sporadičnim formama CRC proučava se prognostički značaj ovog molekularnog fenomena. CILJ: Ispitivanje prognostičkog značaja mikrosatelitne nestabilnosti kao genetskog markera u CRC, kliničkih i patohistoloških parametara koji ukazuju na MSI u CRC. METOD: U istraživanje je uključeno 150 pacijenata muškog i ženskog pola sa kolorektalnim karcinomom koji su hospitalizovani radi operativnog lečenja na Klinici za digestivnu hirurgiju, Kliničkog Centra Srbije od 2006. do 2010. godine. U operativnom uzorku testirana je MSI, Pentaplex PCR metodom sa pet obeleženih mononukleotidnih markera (BAT25, BAT26, NR-21, NR-22 i NR-24). Grupu je podeljena na osnovu MSI statusa: MSI-H grupa (nestabilnost u više od tri markera) i MSS/L grupa (nestabilnost u manje od tri markera). Klinički i patohistološki parametri korelisani su između grupa. Pacijenti su praćeni u smislu pojave lokalnog ili udaljenog recidiva ili do smrtnog ishoda do septembra 2012. godine. REZULTATI: U MSI-H grupi bilo je 18 pacijenata, dok je u MSS/L grupi bilo 132 pacijenta. Uni i multivarijanti logistički regresioni modeli su pokazali da tumori lokalizovani u desnom kolonu sa izraženijom mucinskom produkcijom, slaba diferentovanost i ispunjenost bar jednog revidiranog Bethesda kriterijuma predstavljaju najznačajnije prediktivne parametre za MSI. Postoji značajna statistička razlika u DFS (period bez znakova recidiva bolesti; engl. disease free survival) između MSI-H i MSS/L grupa (Kaplan Meir test; p=0,048, log rank). Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u celokupnom i bolest-specifičnom preživljavanju između grupa. ZAKLJUČAK: Mikrosatelitna nestabilnost je detektovana u 12% bolesnika sa kolorektalnim karcinomom. Kliničke i patohistološke karakteristike tumora koje ukazuju na MSI-H fenotip su lokalizacija u desnom kolonu, mucinska produkcija, slabija diferentovanost. Mikrosatelitna nestabilnost predstavlja prognostički faktor koji je povezan sa manjom stopom pojave recidiva (lokalnih ili udaljenih metastaza) kod pacijenata sa kolorektalnih karcinoma u I, II i III stadijumu bolesti, ali ne utiče na bolest-specifično i celokupno preživljavanje pacijenata sa CRC.INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the result of interaction between numerous genetic and environmental factors. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a genetic marker that can be useful in the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome and may have a prognostic significance in sporadic colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study was to test the prognostic significance of microsatellite instability as genetic marker in CRC, to examine the clinical and histological parameters that indicate on MSI in CRC. METHOD: The study included 150 patients with colorectal cancer, who were hospitalized for surgical treatment at the Department of Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia since 2006. to 2010. CRC samples were tested for MSI by Pentaplex PCR with five mononucleotide, microsatellite markers (BAT25, BAT26, NR-21, NR-22 and NR-24). The group was divided acording to the MSI status: MSI-H group (instability in more than three markers) and MSS/L group (instability in less than three markers). Clinical and histopathological parameters were correlated between the groups. Patients were followed up for possible local or distant disease recurrence or up to death to September 2012. RESULTS: 18 patients had MSI-H CRC, and they represented MSI-H group while in the MSS/L group comprised of the remaining 132 patients. Uni and multivariate logistic regression models showed that primary lesions located in the right colon with prominent mucin production, poor differentiation, and the fulfillment of at least one of the revised Bethesda criteria were the most important predictive parameters for MSI. There was a statistically significant difference in DFS (period without any recurrence; Disease Free Survival) between MSI-H and MSS/L group (Kaplan Meir test, p = 0.048, log rank). There was no statistically significant difference in overall and disease-specific survival between groups. CONCLUSION: Microsatellite instability was detected in 12% of patients with colorectal cancer. Clinical and pathological characteristics of CRC that show MSI-H phenotype are localization the right colon, prominent mucin production and poor differentiation. MSI represents a prognostic factor associated with a lower rate of recurrence (local or distant metastases) in patients with colorectal cancer in the first, second and third stage of the disease, but does not affect the disease-specific and overall survival in patients with CRC

Procena zadovoljstva poslom i motivacija kao menadžerska sredstva za unapređenje kvaliteta rada zdravstvenih ustanova

Introduction: Contemporary turbulent environment, influenced by the rapid development of technologies and techniques, economic changes in the world, as well as changes in the labor market are influencing change in organizations, companies, and institutions. Human resources have been given a key role in a successful business, and are the focus of today's management. Having satisfied employees is one of the preconditions for the organization success and the study of the links between their satisfaction and productivity, which some writers have identified as a search „for the Holy Grail." Because of this, many studies confirm the crucial influence of employee satisfaction and motivation in the quality of health care institutions. The main objective of the research: Assessing the degree of health workers’ satisfaction in health facilities of Nisava District, various aspects of the work (the components of satisfaction) conditions, opportunities to be educated, support of the superiors, the possibilities for promotion, available equipment. The specific objectives are: a) Consideration of the health workers degree of satisfaction in primary health care, the secondary and tertiary health care b) Comparison of job satisfaction through certain components, as well as overall satisfaction among health professionals at different positions and professions (doctors, other health care professionals); c) Comparison of job satisfaction through certain satisfaction components, as well as overall satisfaction among health workers in relation to gender, seniority and other relevant characteristics; e) The impact of employee satisfaction on quality of work. The ultimate goal is: Defining a new questionnaire that will address disadvantages of the existing one, in order to gain better insight of employee satisfaction. Proposal of methodological guidelines for managers (management of health institutions), in order to improve motivation and employee satisfaction. Method: This is across sectional study, conducted in medical facilities at primary, secondary, and tertiary level of health care as well in institutions covering multiple levels of health, conducted in Nisava district in year 2010.. Data is collected in 8 institutions at the primary level, 4 facilities at secondary level, 2 tertiary institutions (including the Clinical Center with 27 clinics) and 1 institution covering multiple levels of health care. Out of 5.425 employees who were present on the day of the survey, the questionnaire was taken by 4.707 employees, whereas 3.899 employees completed and returned the questionnaire (response rate 82.8%). The study used an anonymous questionnaire defined by the Republic Committee for Quality, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. Results and significance of the dissertation: The job satisfaction of the examinees is on the upper level of the category „neither satisfied, nor dissatisfied“. The most satisfied employees are working at the primary health care level, then the tertiary, secondary and institutions on various levels. Health professionals are less satisfied than other employees. Health professionals in institutions at primary health care are the most satisfied and are the least psychologically and physically burdened. Medical doctors are more satisfied in relation to other health professionals. The biggest emotional and physical exhaustion is with employees at the tertiary level of health care. The least emotionally exhausted are employees at the primary health care level, the least physically exhausted are employees in the facility at multiple levels of health care. Comparing job satisfaction five years ago and today, the highest percentage believes that there is "no difference" in satisfaction. More than half of employees, plans to remain in the public sector, more than a third of employees does not think about changing jobs, and only one-tenth would like to go to the private health sector or to do jobs outside the health sector. Employees in management positions are more satisfied, compared to other employees, but they are significantly more emotionally and physically exhausted. Looking at the scores of grouped factors of satisfaction, communication indicator has the highest value. The second is organizational indicator, then motivational indicator. Structural indicator has the lowest value among all tested parameters and is a segment that will require further study and range of activities for future improvement. Health care professionals’ satisfaction significantly affects the quality of health care institutions and health care institutions at the primary level, in this research, where their employees, were the most satisfied, are highly ranked by the quality of work. Contribution of this thesis is the proposal of a new questionnaire for the assessment of employee satisfaction in health care facilities, proposal of measures for the research methodology improvement and proposal of measures managers in the context of employee satisfaction improvement

Wind towers - design of flange ring connection

Today, wind power is second largest available renewable resource of energy, with 870 TW (terawatts). Large wind farms, with hundreds of wind towers are big opportunity for steel production industry. Designers and manufacturers of wind towers pay special attention on every single detail, always looking for some new solutions, trying to reduce price of wind towers. Some of the most interesting design and manufacturing details are connections used to assemble sections of tubular steel towers supporting wind turbins. There is traditional and actually more used flange ring connection and on the other side, as a new proposal which is used more and more, friction connection. In this paper theoretic basis of design of flange ring connection of wind towers is give

Procena ekološkog rizika u funkciji zaštite životne sredine

This paper proposes an appropriate methodology for ecological risk assessment. The methodology has been applied in the region of Boka Kotorska Bay (Bay), Montenegro. The emphasis of the research is on the analysis of the impact of various stressors on the ecological components of Bay. The consequences of that impact can be seen in an increased level of eutrophication of water environment, mostly through the influence of nitrogen and its compounds. The actual research at/about the region of Boka Kotorska Bay was performed in the period of 2008. The study emphasized the importance of the acquisition, processing and analysis of various ecologically related data for more efficient monitoring and management of the environment. The suggested methodology of the ecological risk assessment is, therefore, a remarkable scientific and expert contribution in the area of environmental protection in our country and in general.U radu je predstavljena primena metodologije procene ekološkog rizika. Metodologija je primenjena na primeru Bokokotorskog zaliva (Zaliv). Istraživanjem je razmatrana procena uticaja većeg broja stresora na ekološke komponente Zaliva. Posledice ovih uticaja ispoljene su kroz povećan stepen eutrofikacije vodene sredine i dovode se u vezu sa koncentracijom azotnih jedinjenja (nitrata i nitrita) Konkretna merenja vršena su u 2008. godini. Istraživanjem je posebno ukazano na značaj razvoja sistema prikupljanja i obrade ekoloških i drugih informacija radi efikasnijeg upravljanja životnom sredinom datog prostora. Primenjena metodologija procene ekološkog rizika trebalo bi da u naučnom i stručnom pogledu predstavlja doprinos u oblasti zaštite životne sredine,kako kod nas, tako i u svetu

Design of class 4 cross section in axial compression according to EUROCODE 3

In this paper theoretic basis of design of class 4 cross section in axial compression according to EN1993-1-5 is given. Design procedure is given as an flow chart and ilustrated with an worked example. Plate buckling is treated localy and globaly through the concept of effective cross sections. Interaction between plate-like and column-like behaviour of panels is carried out thought buckling reduction factors and final effective area of cross section

Book Reviews

Kalervo Rankama, Isotope Geology, (S. Miholić) F. Todt: Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (T. Marković