495 research outputs found
Analysis of the Level of Development of Private Sector in Serbia during the Last Decade
In Serbia, as well as in all the countries in transition, the process of political and
economic transition is based on the development of the private sector and
entrepreneurship. This also implies creating a favourable business environment for
the development of SMEs. The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to our
understanding of the private sector and SMEs development in Serbia, as well as to
identify their weakness and improvements within the considered period of time. The
chapter includes an analysis of various aspects of private sector development as
follows: the obstacles to the development, the role of innovation in the private sector
growth and the analysis of the role of the private sector in revitalizing Serbiaās
economy during the last decade. Authors also explain some of the factors which must
be taken into account when considering policies for the development of the private
sector in Serbia and possible routes forward
Towards sustainability in the "green economy": theoretical review
The paper analyses the concept of āsustainable growthā in the context of āgreen economyā. The concept is a recent one, emerging in literature since 2008. The new concept of economic development has emerged in recent years as necessary in the conditions of the economic crisis, when the prevailing model of economic growth failed to meet the increasing demand for consumption of limited resources and also as a result of a limited capacity of the ecosystem. Since this is a genuinely new approach to economic development, it is not surprising that there is not enough literature in this area yet. Consequently, there is no unique and generally accepted definition of green economy nor of the strategy of sustainable growth. This is reflected in the variety of
economic policies concerning the green growth pursued by certain countries, ranging from those that deem it a priority goal to those that do not focus upon it at all. In answer to the lack of an integrated approach to these issues, the Green Growth Knowledge Platform (World Bank, 2012) was adopted. It is meant to serve as a starting point for research and understanding to what extent the new concept of sustainable growth within green economy has come into effect. In addition to the assessment of the results achieved, it is also to determine the guidelines for further development of the green growth concept. Shortly upon its adoption, the Platform was promoted at the
United Nations Summit, in mid-2012 (UNCSD 2012). Despite the efforts made by the international community to promote a new approach to economic development, the extent to which it will come into effect will depend on the governments of certain countries whose responsibility is to create conditions for sustainable growth on the path to a green economy. Namely,the transition to a green economy will vary considerably
from one nation to another, as it depends on the specifics of each countryās natural and human capital and on its relative level of development (UNEP,2011).
The first part of this chapter offers a short overview of the definitions of sustainable growth and green economy. This review of literature is to help understand the new
concept of economic growth, but also its importance and what it is expected to be achieved through it. The subject of the following segment will be the review of how sustainability, equity and private sector in the āgreen economyā have been developed
Obrazovni sistem i potrebe privrede u Srbiji
Srbija se suoÄava sa viÅ”egodiÅ”njim raskorakom izmeÄu ponude i potražnje za radnom snagom. Da bi se ovaj raskorak smanjio, treba usaglasiti programe obrazovanja sa potrebama na tržiÅ”tu rada. Shodno tome,u radu se postavljaju nekoliko krucijalnih pitanja, kao Å”to su: Koji modaliteti edukacije mogu da doprinesu bržem premoÅ”Äavanju ovih razlika? Koje kompetencije treba razviti kod buduÄih diplomaca, kako bi oni bili spremni da lako reÅ”avaju probleme sa kojima Äe se suoÄavati na buduÄem poslu? Kako treba kombinovati teorijska znanja i iskustvo da bi se odgovorilo zahtevima poslodavaca? SuÅ”tinu predloga koji se izlažu u radu, Äini tesno partnerstvo izmeÄu obrazovnih institucija i poslodavaca. Ono treba da igra važnu ulogu u pomaganju mladim ljudima kod prelaska iz obrazovnog procesa u proces rada. Prema miÅ”ljenju autora, ovo partnerstvo može da se ojaÄa kroz: obezbeÄivanje viÅ”e sredstava za obrazovne programe; veÄe ukljuÄivanje poslodavaca u kreiranje programa edukacije; stalnu obuku nastavnika i veÄu spregu izmeÄu studenata, nastavnika i poslodavaca. Svi ovi predlozi i preporuke autora, moraju da budu u funkciji potreba privrede i politike zapoÅ”ljavanja u Srbiji
Uticaj globalizacije na stvaranje novog modela preduzeÄa i njegovih konkurentskih prednosti
Globalizacija može da rezultira u geografskom Å”irenju ekonomskih aktivnosti van prostora jedne zemlje, ali takoÄe može da omoguÄi firmama i zemljama sa posebnim izvorima konkurentskih prednosti, da iskoriste svoje prednosti i proÅ”ire ih na Å”ira geografska podruÄja. Najvažnije karakteristike globalizacije odnose se na razvoj globalnih finansija i finansijskih tržiÅ”ta, Å”irenje znanja zahvaljujuÄi poboljÅ”anoj komunikaciji, pružanju Å”irokih moguÄnosti i upotrebi tehnologije, stalnoj ekspanziji multinacionalnih firmi i decentralizaciji ekonomskih aktivnosti unutar i izmeÄu firmi, razvoju globalnih oligopola, smanjenju barijera u trgovini i investiranju, i poveÄanom znaÄaju regionalnih organizacija kao Å”to je Evropska unija ili meÄunarodnih organizacija poput WTO i IMF. Ovaj Älanak predstavlja rezultat rada njenog autora, Äiji je cilj bio da se ispita uloga globalizacije u promeni modela organizacija i intenziviranju njihove konkurencije, sledeÄi liberalizaciju trgovine. TakoÄe, cilj je bio da se definiÅ”u konkurentske prednosti, koje firme moraju da razviju u uslovima nove ekonomije. Posle uvodnih postavki rada ,autor iznosi teoretski pristup temi. U drugom delu rada, ona ispituje konkurenciju i reorganizaciju firmi
The Limits of the Scientific Method in Economics and Business: A Critical View
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the limits of scientific method in economic research.In the paper is pointed out that despite the scientific method, which encounters a great applicability in economics and business, when forecasting future economic developments in question, its capabilities is very limited. Therefore, the modern scientific method should synthesize rationalism and empiricism In this context, the paper concludes with the assumption that knowledge of
mathematical logic, including all its abilities, is in itself highly valuable and is an important supplement to the already existing scientific methodology that cannot be ruled out in economic research
Uticaj obrazovanja na smanjenje nezaposlenosti i rast preduzetniÄkih poslova marginalizovanih grupa
Obrazovanje nesumnjivo dobija sve važniju ulogu, s obzirom da je promenjeno tržiÅ”te rada u svetu u odnosu na pre desetak i viÅ”e godina. Shodno tome, u novoj ekonomiji znanja, nedostatak veÅ”tina može dovesti joÅ” viÅ”e do marginalizacije i iskljuÄenosti. Napredak u jaÄanju ovih ciljeva treba posmatrati u okviru moguÄnosti svake zemlje ponaosob. U skladu s tim,postoje mnoge nacionalne, regionalne i globalne inicijative za poboljÅ”anje kvaliteta obrazovanja i broja obrazovnih programa i institucija. Ovaj rad je orijentisan na istraživanje usmereno u pravcu utvrÄivanja uticaja obrazovanja na moguÄnosti zapoÅ”ljavanja marginalizovanih grupa kroz pokretanje sopstvenih preduzetniÄkih biznisa ili rad u socijalnim preduzeÄima. Uzorak je obuhvatio 104 ispitanika, a istraživanje je sprovedeno u 10 nevladinih organizacija i udruženja Roma, lica sa invaliditetom i raseljenih lica sa teritorije Republike Srbije. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, autorka rada zakljuÄuje da ispitanici nisu pokazali oÄekivano interesovanje za samozapoÅ”ljavanje i pokretanje vlastitog biznisa, niti za zapoÅ”ljavanje u socijalnim preduzeÄima. Razlog tome može se naÄi u nedostatku preduzetniÄkih veÅ”tina i znanja, koje ih Äesto osujeÄuju u preduzetniÄkim namerama. Shodno tome, ova saznanja mogu da budu veoma podsticajna za obrazovne institucije da investiraju u ove programe i vrÅ”e obuku na svim nivoima obrazovanja ā u formalnoj i neformalnoj edukaciji. Osim toga, istraživanje je pokazalo da su ispitanici prednost dali zapoÅ”ljavanju u javnim preduzeÄima u odnosu na socijalno preduzetniÅ”tvo. To se objaÅ”njava Äinjenicom da nisu dovoljno informisani o moguÄnostima koje im ono pruža, ali i u njegovoj nedovoljnoj razvijenosti u Srbiji
Tranzicija i nezaposlenost žena starijih od 50 godina: smanjenje nezaposlenosti kroz nove oblike obrazovanja
Odnos obrazovanja i zapoÅ”ljavanja se nalazi u tesnoj korelacionoj vezi ,stoga im se svuda u svetu poklanja posebna pažnja ,kako medju nauÄnim radnicima tako i medju kreatorima politike obrazovanja i zapoÅ”ljavanja. Poznato je da najrazvijenije i najbogatije zemlje sveta imaju i najbolje obrazovne sisteme ,koji su u velikoj meri uskladjeni potrebama tržiÅ”ta rada. Da bi se to postiglo i u Srbiji ,potreban je Å”irok spektar meÄusobno usaglaÅ”enih ,mera i aktivnosti kojima treba istovremeno smanjivati postojeÄu nezaposlenost ,kao i direktno delovati na njegovu nepovoljnu strukturu.Tu se na prvom mestu misli na mlade izmedju 15 i 25 godina starosti koji u strukturi nezaposlenosti uÄestvuju sa 40,7% ,dok stariji od 50 godina uÄestvuju sa 20,94% . ImajuÄi to u vidu , bitno je po miÅ”ljenju autora rada,istovremeno sprovodjenje reforme obrazovanja sa uvodjenjem permanentnih programa prekvalifikacije i dokvalifikacije postojeÄe nezaposlene radne snage, kroz razliÄite modalitete prenoÅ”enja znanja i vrÅ”enja edukacije.Osim toga,prilikom realizacije obrazovnih programa ,neophodno je viÅ”e ukljuÄivati saradnike iz prakse i stvarati tesniju saradnju sa poslodavcima
Women and informal activities in transitional countries and Serbia : old and new views
In this paper,the author analyzes the growth of the informal economy in countries in transition with a focus on Serbia. The author concludes that the existence of the informal economy can no longer be considered as a temporary phenomenon. It has proven to be a major source of employment and income generation for the poor, and thus understanding the informal sector provides valuable tools in the fight against poverty. At the same time, women in the informal sector face significant obstacles: low pay; lack of access to such resources as capital, education, and training; and exclusion from the policy-making process. Because that, the author also considers the battle against discrimination in relation to women workers. The final section of this paper presents author's approach to SME development policy and integration of Serbia into European Union (EU). She concludes that Serbia will try to be integrated into EU and the global economy as soon as possible, because it is the best solution for the country to decrease the gap with developed countries
Female Entrepreneurship Opportunity: Home-Based Genealogy Business
In the last 15-20 years, the character of genealogical research has trans-formed gradually. Thus, genealogy is changing into a modern academic discipline. The modern genealogy is supported by digitization of public and genealogical rec-ords. At the same time, the new technologies are affecting the development of home-based genealogical research services. The goal of this paper is to offer more ways of encouraging entrepreneurship for genealogists, including the role of the education system and research skills that are especially critical in the field of ge-nealogy and in genealogists' success in their business
Age discrimination in employment of women in Serbia
Employment issues of persons over 55 years gaining in importance, given the aging of the population in Serbia, which will continue in the next few decades. It confirms the projection of the National Statistical Office, which estimated inā creasing the share of workers aged 55ā64 in the workforce, from 13 per cent in 2010 to 14 per cent in 2040. This is corroborated by the fact that life expectancy has increased in recently life. Also, there have been significant changes in Serbia in the structure of unemployment in the last decade just to the detriment of these categories of workers. In fact, their employment from year to year decreases, i.e. in 2010 the number of employees in the age group 55ā64 decreased by 2.3% over the previous year (or 29,000 persons), which makes this issue very current in terms of its resolution. The aim of this paper is through research conducted on a representative sample of 100 respondents in Belgrade and Nis, provides an answer to several questions asked whose answers should confirm or refute the hypotheses we tested. We explored labor force in this age group (both sexes), which most affected by job loss and searching for new employment with focus on female. Analysis among other things is showed that if it comes to employment after years of waiting, the job is usually paid less than the previous one and that women are waiting longer than men the same age cohort .Therefore, many experts call this phenomenon age discrimination in women employment. Taking into account this fact in mind, we tried to determine its causes and to propose the measures of employment policy and direct them towards resolving the issues of gender and age discrimination in Serbia
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