Psychological factors and consequences of psychosocial stress during the pandemic

The aim: Study of psychological factors and consequences of psychosocial stress which is formed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: In the research, we used methods: developed a common, assessment of psychosocial stress L. Reeder scale, assessment of distress R.Kessler, assessment of the presence of manifestations of anxiety-depressive response GAD-7, depression self-assessment scale PHQ-9, method of assessing neuropsychological adaptation I. Gurvich, assessment of psychosocial support D. Ziemet, the scale of assessment of family anxiety E. Eidemiller, W. Justickis, strategies for stress-coping behavior E. Heim, methods of assessing the quality of life A.A. Pushkarev, N.G. Arinchina (2000). The current factors of the impact of coronavirus on the mental state of the population have been investigated. The study involved 823 citizens of Ukraine, who filled out the developed Google form. Results:Threats of coronavirus disease, violation of the usual life stereotype, restriction of leisure activity, harmful interest in news about the pandemic, usage of tobacco plays an important role in the mechanisms of distress formation. These conditions raise the risk of increased stress, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: The investigations carried out suggested that the quarantine restrictions could be predisposing factors for mental health impairments. Under these conditions, risks of increased stress pressure, anxiety, and depression are rising. Measures on psycho-prevention should be performed on the base of the regularities identified

CLINICAL-PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION OF NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

The aim: to determine the features of the clinical-psychopathological structure and severity of negative and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia to improve diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Materials and methods. 252 patients with negative symptoms (NS) in schizophrenia and 79 patients with positive symptoms (PS) in schizophrenia were examined. The research used a comprehensive approach, which consisted in the use of clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (PANSS scale) and statistical research methods. Results. Manifestations of positive symptoms in patients with NS in schizophrenia were mainly delineated by delusions of a minimal and weak level; minimal manifestations of delirium, unusual behavior and thought disorders; the predominance of patients with no disorders, minimal disorders and a weak level of disorders of hallucinatory behavior, excitement, ideas of grandeur, suspiciousness, and hostility. Manifestations of negative symptoms in patients with NS in schizophrenia were characterized by a predominance of medium and severe levels of blunted affect; moderate and average levels of emotional alienation; violation of abstract thinking of a weak and moderate level; average level of impaired fluency and spontaneity of speech; moderate communication impairment; passive-apathetic social detachment of the average level. Among patients with PS in schizophrenia, the manifestations of positive symptoms were mainly delineated by delusions of medium and strong levels of severity; moderate and pronounced manifestations of delirium; a moderate level of severity of thinking disorders and unusual behavior; predominance of moderate, medium and strong levels of expression of hallucinatory behavior, excitement, ideas of grandeur, suspicion and hostility. Manifestations of negative symptoms in patients with PS in schizophrenia were characterized by a predominance of a minimal level of expression of dulled affect, social exclusion and impaired fluency and spontaneity of speech; minimal and weak levels of emotional alienation; average level of communication disorders and abstract thinking. Conclusions. Features of the clinical-psychopathological structure and severity of negative and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia were established. The obtained data can serve as diagnostic criteria for conducting differential diagnosis and choosing treatment strategies for patients with schizophrenia

Psycho-Emotional Burnout of the Personality in the Conditions of War

A common cause of health disorders in war is psychotraumatic situations that lead to psycho-emotional burnout of military personnel. The purpose of the article is to conduct an empirical study of the psycho-emotional burnout of military personnel. Tasks are set: to determine the emotional reactions and states of military personnel; to assess the level of manifestation of emotional burnout of military personnel. Research Methods: The study used valid methods, "Diagnosis of the level of emotional burnout", "Determination of mental "burnout", and «Burnout Syndrome» in the professions of the «man-man» system, for the non-parametric data correlation variables, the Spearman coefficient. Results: The study revealed the military personnel's inability to manage their emotions, which leads to depersonalization, personal alienation, and distance. The inadequate selective emotional response has 94.0%, which is an indisputable "sign of burnout". The peculiarities of emotion management of military personnel and their role in the genesis of emotional response in professional activity are revealed. It is established that the "economic manifestation of emotions" of military personnel can be manifested both in an excessively cheerful mood and aggression, which is frustrating behavior. Conclusion: In order to prevent psycho-emotional burnout, it is necessary to develop anti-stress skills, skills of controlling the manifestation of emotions based on critical analysis of the situation, and the ability not to throw out negative emotions on other people. To work with the military, it is necessary to substantiate the content of psychosocial counseling within the framework of a comprehensive system of psychological rehabilitation of servicemen

Analysis of the Role of Viral Encephalitis in the Development of Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsy

The aim – to determine the role of viral lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) in the development of epileptic seizures and epilepsy.Materials and methods: analysis of scientific literature data. The review discusses the role of non-epidemic viral encephalitis and human immunodeficiency virus in the development of acute epileptic seizures and epilepsy; epidemiological data and risk factors.Results. Viral infections are often complicated by acute (early) epileptic seizures and causes the risk of further epilepsy. The mechanisms of development of early and late seizures differ. Except herpetic encephalitis, in which risk of epilepsy in early seizures is up to 60 %, the risk of late seizures in other viral encephalitis hasn't been determined. Timely treatment of viral infections and early seizures reduces the risk of epilepsy. Treatment of epilepsy with infectious lesions of the central nervous system and other types of symptomatic epilepsy is similar, and the antiepileptic drug is determined by the semiology of seizures. The interaction between it and anti-infective drugs can change the concentration in the blood of each of them, which will lead to reduced effectiveness or toxicity. This is especially important for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection in whom antiretroviral drugs have significant interactions with antiepileptic drugs. Since epileptic activity of the brain is associated with the severity and complications of the underlying infection, early aggressive therapy prevents the development of late seizures and epilepsy.Conclusions. CNS infections account for 15 % of all newly diagnosed symptomatic epileptic seizures. The 20-year risk of unprovoked seizures and epilepsy after CNS infections ranges from 2.4 % to 22 %. The risk depends on the etiology, location of the lesion and the severity; it is high in herpes-associated encephaliti

Influence of Electrophoresis of Antler Mass on Restorative Processes in Young Athletes during the Preparatory Period of a One-Year Training Cycle

We investigated the influence of electrophoresis of antler mass (according to Vermel’s method) on the peripheral blood and indicators of cardiac function in elite athletes during intensive exercise during the preparatory period. This study included 27 male athletes, aged 16-17 years old. Application of electrophoresis of antler mass led to improvement of hemoglobin level and hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), normalization of hormonal status and myocardial metabolism, and promoted increased fitness and adaptability to physical stress