Taurine: A Potential Ergogenic Aid for Preventing Muscle Damage and Protein Catabolism and Decreasing Oxidative Stress Produced by Endurance Exercise

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine and chocolate milk supplementation on oxidative stress and protein metabolism markers, and aerobic parameters in triathletes. Methods: A double-blind, crossover study was conducted with 10 male triathletes, aged 30.9 ± 1.3 year, height 1.79 ± 0.01 m and body weight 77.45 ± 2.4 kg. Three grams of taurine and 400 ml of chocolate milk (TAUchoc), or a placebo (chocolate milk) (CHOC) was ingested post exercise for 8 weeks. Oxidative stress marker levels, and 24 h urinary nitrogen, creatinine, and urea excretion were measured before and after 8 weeks of training and supplementation with TAUchoc or CHOC. A maximal incremental running test on a treadmill was performed in order to evaluate aerobic parameters: Vmax, heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: TAUchoc treatment during the 8 weeks resulted in increased taurine plasma levels (PRE 201.32 ± 29.03 μmol/L and POST 234.36 ± 35.51 μmol/L, p = 0.01), decreased malondialdehyde levels (19.4%, p = 0.03) and urinary nitrogen excretion (−33%, p = 0.03), and promoted positive nitrogen balance (p = 0.01). There were no changes in reduced glutathione (TAUchoc PRE 0.72 ± 0.08 mmol/L and POST 0.83 ± 0.08 mmol/L; CHOC PRE 0.69 ± 0.08 mmol/L and POST 0.81 ± 0.06 mmol/L), vitamin E plasma levels (TAUchoc PRE 33.99 ± 2.52 μmol/L and 35.95 ± 2.80 μmol/L and CHOC PRE 31.48 ± 2.12 μmol/L and POST 33.77 ± 3.64 μmol/L), or aerobic parameters, which were obtained in the last phase of the maximal incremental running test (Vmax TAUchoc PRE 13 ± 1.4 km/h and POST 13.22 ± 1.34 km/h; CHOC PRE 13.11 ± 2.34 km/h and POST 13.11 ± 2.72 km/h), the heart rate values were TAUchoc PRE 181.89 ± 24.18 bpm and POST 168.89 ± 46.56 bpm; CHOC PRE 181.56 ± 2.14 bpm and POST 179.78 ± 3.4 bpm, and the RPE were TAUchoc PRE 8.33 ± 2.4 AU and POST 9.1 ± 2.1 AU; CHOC PRE 8.11 ± 4.94 AU and POST 8.78 ± 2.78 AU). Conclusion: Taurine supplementation did not improve aerobic parameters, but was effective in increasing taurine plasma levels and decreasing oxidative stress markers, which suggests that taurine may prevent oxidative stress in triathletes

A importância do uso de filtros, durante a infusão de nutrições parenterais adicionadas de emulsões lipídicas

Nutrições parenterais com adicionamento de emulsões lipídicas podem apresentar alterações físico-químicas, caracterizadas pela formação de precipitados amorfos ou cristalinos, bem como pelo aumento do tamanho das gotículas de gordura que se agregam. A verificação macroscópica dessas alterações nem sempre é possível, tendo em vista o aspecto opaco das emulsões. Utilizando-se estudo in vitro, este trabalho teve como objetivo evidenciar a presença de precipitados de fosfato de cálcio, de gotículas de gordura da emulsão lipídica com diâmetros superiores aos de hemácias, em nutrições parenterais, e a importância do uso de filtros na retenção dos mesmos. Esses eventos foram demonstrados por meio de inspeção macroscópica e microscópica, em nutrições parenterais contendo fosfato dibásico de potássio e de gluconato de cálcio, como fonte de fósforo e de cálcio, respectivamente, adicionados à mistura de soluções de aminoácidos a 10% p/v, com glicose a 50% p/v, emulsão lipídica a 20% p/v e minerais em diferentes proporções. Os resultados mostraram presença de precipitado de cálcio e de gotículas de gordura aumentadas e/ou agregadas antes da filtração, e ausência dos mesmos imediatamente após. Conclusão: o uso de filtros com poros de 1,2 mm foi capaz de reter precipitados e de impedir a passagem das gotículas de gordura com dimensões tais que pudessem causar embolias microvasculares em pacientes submetidos à nutrição parenteral.Parenteral nutrition preparations supplemented with lipid emulsions may present physicochemical alterations characterized by the formation of amorphous or crystalline precipitates and by an increased size of fat droplets, which aggregate. A macroscopic verification of these changes is not always possible because of the opaque aspect of the emulsions. The objective of the present in vitro study was to determine the presence of calcium phosphate precipitates, of fat droplets of the lipid emulsion with wider diameters than red blood cells in parenteral nutrition preparations and the importance of the use of filters for the retention of suchprecipitates. These events were demonstrated by macroscopic and microscopic inspection of parenteral nutrition preparations containing potassium dibasic phosphate and calcium gluconate as a source of phosphorus and calcium, respectively, added to the mixture of amino acid solutions at the proportion of 10% (w/v), with 50% glucose (w/v), a 20% lipid emulsion (w/v) and minerals at different proportions. The results showed the presence of a calcium precipitate and of enlarged and/or aggregated fat droplets before filtration, and their absence immediately after filtration. Conclusion:the use of filters with 1.2 mm pores was sufficient to retain the precipitates and to prevent the passage of fat droplets with dimensions that might cause microvascular embolism in patients submitted to parenteral nutrition

Nursing, nutrition, physical therapy and social work aspects of bone marrow transplantation

O sucesso do transplante de medula óssea (TMO) depende da ação entrosada de uma variedade de profissionais, além da equipe médica, para atender às múltiplas e complexas necessidades dos pacientes submetidos ao TMO. Nesta revisão, discute-se a atuação das equipes de enfermagem, nutrição, fisioterapia e assistência social na assistência desses pacientes. O papel dos profissionais de saúde mental (psicólogos e psiquiatras) foi tratado em um capítulo separado deste Simpósio.Success of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) depends upon the cooperative action of different professionals, besides the medical team, to attend complex and multiple needs of patients submitted to BMT. In this review we discuss the role of nursing, nutrition, physical therapy and social work teams in caring for those patients. The role of mental health professionals, psychologists and psychiatrists, was discussed in a separate chapter of this Symposium

Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical study

Abstract Background Flaxseed has received attention for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant role. The present study hypothesizes if flaxseed added to a weight loss diet could improve the lipid and metabolic profiles and decrease risk factors related to cardiovascular disease. Methods In a prospective, single blinded 42 days protocol, subjects were allocated into two groups with low carbohydrates intake: GriceLC (35% of carbohydrate and 60g of raw rice powder per day) and GflaxLC (32% of carbohydrate and 60g of flaxseed powder per day). Blood pressure, anthropometric measures and serum levels of isoprostane, C-reactive protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, glucose, lipidic profile, uric acid, adiponectin, leptin and insulin were measured at baseline and at the end of interventions. Serum and urinary enterodiol and enterolactione were also measured. Results A total of 27 men with cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, with mean age of 33 ± 10 years to GriceLC and 40 ± 9 years to GflaxLC. Both groups experienced weight loss and systolic blood pressure reduction. A decrease in inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF-α) was observed after flaxseed intake (mean decrease of 25% and 46% for GflaxLC respectively). All groups also showed improvement in levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, uric acid and adiponectin. Only GflaxLC group showed a decrease in triglyceride levels. Conclusion This study suggests that flaxseed added to a weight loss diet could be an important nutritional strategy to reduce inflammation markers such as CRP and TNF-α. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02132728

UCP1 and UCP3 Expression Is Associated with Lipid and Carbohydrate Oxidation and Body Composition.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. These proteins participate in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. This study aimed to evaluate how UCP1 and UCP3 expression influences substrate oxidation and elicits possible changes in body composition in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. SUBJECTS/METHODS:This is a longitudinal study comprising 13 women with obesity grade III that underwent bariatric surgery and 10 healthy weight individuals (control group). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Carbohydrate and fat oxidation was determined by indirect calorimetry. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected for gene expression analysis. QPCR was used to evaluate UCP1 and UCP3 expression. RESULTS:Obese patients and the control group differed significantly in terms of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation. Six months after bariatric surgery, the differences disappeared. Lipid oxidation correlated with the percentage of fat mass in the postoperative period. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the UCP1 and UCP3 genes contributed to lipid and carbohydrate oxidation. Additionally, UCP3 expression was associated with BMI, percentage of lean body mass, and percentage of mass in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS:UCP1 and UCP3 expression is associated with lipid and carbohydrate oxidation in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. In addition, UCP3 participates in body composition modulation six months postoperatively

UCP1 and UCP3 Expression Is Associated with Lipid and Carbohydrate Oxidation and Body Composition.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. These proteins participate in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. This study aimed to evaluate how UCP1 and UCP3 expression influences substrate oxidation and elicits possible changes in body composition in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. SUBJECTS/METHODS:This is a longitudinal study comprising 13 women with obesity grade III that underwent bariatric surgery and 10 healthy weight individuals (control group). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Carbohydrate and fat oxidation was determined by indirect calorimetry. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected for gene expression analysis. QPCR was used to evaluate UCP1 and UCP3 expression. RESULTS:Obese patients and the control group differed significantly in terms of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation. Six months after bariatric surgery, the differences disappeared. Lipid oxidation correlated with the percentage of fat mass in the postoperative period. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the UCP1 and UCP3 genes contributed to lipid and carbohydrate oxidation. Additionally, UCP3 expression was associated with BMI, percentage of lean body mass, and percentage of mass in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS:UCP1 and UCP3 expression is associated with lipid and carbohydrate oxidation in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. In addition, UCP3 participates in body composition modulation six months postoperatively

Contribution of <i>UCP3</i> to BMI, percentage of lean body mass (%LBM), and percentage of mass (%FM).

<p>Contribution of <i>UCP3</i> to BMI, percentage of lean body mass (%LBM), and percentage of mass (%FM).</p