Relative and expression levels as determined by real-time quantitative PCR in the control (grey) and TU-treated (black) groups

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes (and ) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup)"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/118</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():118-118.</p><p>Published online 23 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174949.</p><p></p> Control and TU-treated samples were collected for RNA isolation at four different time periods (8 h, and 6, 11, and 15 days) after treatment 7 DAH. To facilitate comparisons, the number of DAH is indicated in each case. Expression values were normalized to those of . Data were expressed as the mean fold change (mean ± SEM, n = 3) from the calibrator (control 8 h). Values with asterisks are significantly different (< 0.05 or lower) from the corresponding control group values. As a consequence of TU treatment, both and transcript levels were significantly higher in TU-treated larvae than in untreated larvae at 11 and 15 days after treatment

Comparison of the primary structure of SseEF1As and various others eEF1A proteins (see Table 3)

The alignment was performed using MegAlign software. Dots represent identity with SseEF1A1, and dashes represent gaps. G1 to G4 indicate the critical regions involved in GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. The consensus sequence composed of the three consensus elements GXXXXGK (G-K), DXXG (D-G), and NKXD (N-D) present in the GTP-binding domain is shaded in grey. The GTP-binding elongation factor signature corresponding to amino acids 61 to 76 is boxed.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of five different elongation factor 1 alpha genes in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup): Differential gene expression and thyroid hormones dependence during metamorphosis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2199/9/19</p><p>BMC Molecular Biology 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 30 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270864.</p><p></p

Phylogenetic relationships of sseKer1, sseKer2, and a wide range of vertebrate type I keratins (see Table 2) using the maximum likelihood method

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes (and ) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup)"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/118</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():118-118.</p><p>Published online 23 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174949.</p><p></p> River lamprey type I keratins were used as an outgroup to root tree. Only bootstrap values higher than 50% are indicated for each branch. The scale for branch length (0.1 substitutions/site) is shown below the tree. Both sseKer1 and sseKer2 appear closely related to epidermally expressed type I keratins from other teleosts. The Atlantic halibut keratin hhKer1 appears as the ortholog of sseKer1. In contrast, no counterpart for sseKer2 is found among the available teleost sequences included in the analysis

Phylogenetic relationships among SseEF1As and a wide range of vertebrate eEF1As (see Table 3) using the neighbor-joining method

and sp elongation factor 1 alpha proteins were used as outgroups to root tree. Only bootstrap values higher than 50% are indicated on each branch. The scale for branch length (0.1 substitutions/site) is shown below the tree.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of five different elongation factor 1 alpha genes in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup): Differential gene expression and thyroid hormones dependence during metamorphosis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2199/9/19</p><p>BMC Molecular Biology 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 30 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270864.</p><p></p

Sexualfostran för barn i Finland - en litteraturstudie

Detta examensarbete är ett beställningsarbete av Väestöliitto. Syftet med arbetet har varit att utreda vilka referenser man använt sig av då man studerat ämnet sexualfostran. Frågeställningarna har varit följande: Vilken referensram och vilka källor har tidigare skribenter använt sig av då de forskat kring ämnet sexualfostran? Vilka syften och frågeställningar har tidigare skribenter valt att utgå från? Ur vilka synvinklar och inom vilka ämnesområden har man forskat kring ämnet sexualfostran? Vilka teman har lyfts fram som utmanande? I bakgrundskapitlet beskrivs Sigmund Freuds teori om sexuell utveckling i barndomen. Dessutom presenteras de styrdokument som ligger som grund för småbarnsfostran och grundskoleundervisning i Finland. WHO:s standarder för sexualfostran i Europa har fungerat som referensram för detta arbete. Materialsökningen har gjorts på databaserna Theseus och Doria. Tio arbeten som är skrivna av yrkeshögskole- och universitetsstuderande i Finland har analyserats och presenteras kort i detta arbete. Presentationen av materialet innehåller information och synpunkter som förts fram i det granskade materialet. I analysen har tagits fasta på de mest använda referenserna, syften och frågeställningar samt utmanande teman kring förverkligande av sexualfostran. I de granskade arbetena har man bland annat undersökt attityder och tankar hos daghemspersonal och skolhälsovårdare. Hinder för utövande av god sexualfostran konstaterades vara brist på kunskap, osäkerhet i rollen som sexualfostrare och rädsla för att förkorta barndomen. Kulturskillnader upplevdes också som utmanande, speciellt gällande förverkligande av sexualfostran på daghem.This Degree Thesis is commissioned by Väestöliitto. The purpose of this thesis work has been to discover what kind of references are used when studying the subject. The research questions have been the following: What theories and references have other authors used, and what has been the aim and research questions they have decided to use? From what point of view and in what subject areas has there been research performed? What themes have been considered challenging? The background chapter describes Sigmund Freud´s theory on sexual development in the childhood. Also, documents concerning early childhood education and care and elementary school education in Finland are presented in the background chapter. The WHO standards for sexuality education in Europe have served as reference framework for this Thesis Degree. The material search has been done on the Theseus and Doria databases. Ten thesis works written by students attending universities and universities of applied sciences in Finland have been analyzed and are presented in this Thesis Degree. The presentation of the material holds information and points of view that have appeared in the analyzed material. The most used references, purposes, research questions and challenging themes have been presented in the analysis. In the reviewed work, one has examined attitudes and thoughts among day care staff and school healthcare professionals. Obstacles for providing good sexuality education were found to be lack of knowledge, insecurity in the role as sexuality educator and fear of shortening the childhood. Cultural differences were also perceived as challenging, especially in providing sexuality education in day care centers.Tämä opinnäytetyö on Väestöliiton tilaama. Työn tarkoitus on ollut selvittää mitä viitteitä on käytetty, kun aihetta on tutkittu. Tutkimuskysymykset ovat olleet seuraavat: Millaista viitekehystä on aikaisemmin käytetty, kun aihetta on tutkittu, mitkä ovat olleet tarkoitukset ja tutkimuskysymykset? Millaisista näkökulmista ja millaisissa aihealueissa aihetta on tutkittu? Millaisista näkökulmista ja millaisissa aihealueissa aihetta on tutkittu? Mitkä teemat ovat osoittautuneet haastaviksi? Taustaluku tässä työssä kuvaa Sigmund Freudin teoria lapsuuden seksuaalisesta kehityksestä. Lisäksi esitellään varhaiskasvatuksen suunnitelman perusteet sekä peruskoulun opetussuunnitelmaa. WHO:n seksuaalikasvatuksen standardit Euroopassa ovat toimineet tämän opinnäytetyön viitekehyksenä. Materiaalia on haettu Theseuksen ja Dorian tietokannoista. Tämä työ perustuu 10 opinnäytetyöhön, jotka suomalaiset ammattikorkeakoulu- ja yliopisto-opiskelijat ovat kirjoittaneet. Opinnäytetyöt esiintyvät lyhyesti esiteltynä, esittäen tietoa ja näkökulmia seksuaalikasvatuksesta. Analyysissa on otettu esille käytetyimmät viitteet, tarkoitukset, tutkimuskysymykset ja haasteelliset teemat seksuaalikasvatuksen toteuttamisessa. Tarkastetussa työssä on tutkittu päivähoitohenkilökunnan ja koulujen terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten asenteita ja ajatuksia. Esteitä hyvän seksuaalikasvatuksen toteuttamiseen todettiin olevan tiedon ja osaamisen puute, aikuisen epävarmuus seksuaalikasvattajan roolissa sekä pelko lapsuuden lyhentymisestä saatuaan seksuaalikasvatusta. Kulttuurien väliset erot koettiin haastaviksi, erityisesti seksuaalikasvatuksen toteutumisessa päiväkodeissa

Phylogenetic relationships among SseEF1As and a wide range of vertebrate eEF1As (see Table 3) using the maximum likelihood method

and sp elongation factor 1 alpha proteins were used as outgroups to root tree. Only bootstrap values higher than 50% are indicated on each branch. The scale for branch length (0.1 substitutions/site) is shown below the tree.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of five different elongation factor 1 alpha genes in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup): Differential gene expression and thyroid hormones dependence during metamorphosis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2199/9/19</p><p>BMC Molecular Biology 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 30 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270864.</p><p></p

Relative expression levels as determined by real-time quantitative PCR in the untreated control (grey), and in TU (black) and TU T4 (white) treated groups

Larvae samples were collected for rRNA isolation at 8 and 13 days after T4 treatment starting 7 DPH. Expression values were normalized to those of . Data are expressed as the mean fold change (mean ± SEM, n = 3) from the calibrator group (untreated control day 8). Values marked with an asterisk are significantly different (< 0.05 or less) from the corresponding untreated control group values.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of five different elongation factor 1 alpha genes in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup): Differential gene expression and thyroid hormones dependence during metamorphosis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2199/9/19</p><p>BMC Molecular Biology 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 30 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270864.</p><p></p

Comparison of the primary structure of sseKer1, sseKer2, and various others type I keratin proteins (see Table 2)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes (and ) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup)"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/118</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():118-118.</p><p>Published online 23 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174949.</p><p></p> The alignment was performed using MegAlign software. Both sseKer1 and sseKer2 exhibit the typical features of type I keratins. The helical subdomains (coil 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B) are shaded in grey. "Head" and "tail" domains, as well as the non-helical linkers L1, L12, and L2, are also indicated. Asterisks denote identical amino acids; double dots and single dots indicate different degrees of amino acid conservation. Arrowheads show the location of the leucine-zipper found in sseKer1 and sseKer2. The IF signature motif found at the end of coil 2B is boxed. Finally, characteristic motifs present in type I keratins and detected in sseKer1 and sseKer2 are underlined

Phylogenetic relationships of sseKer1, sseKer2, and a wide range of vertebrate type I keratins (see Table 2) using the neighbor-joining method

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes (and ) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup)"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/7/118</p><p>BMC Developmental Biology 2007;7():118-118.</p><p>Published online 23 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174949.</p><p></p> River lamprey type I keratins were used as an outgroup to root tree. Only bootstrap values higher than 50% are indicated for each branch. The scale for branch length (0.1 substitutions/site) is shown below the tree. Results are largely congruent with those described for maximum likelihood method

A) Relative expression levels during larval development (from 2 to 22 DPH) in Senegalese sole

Expression values were normalized to those of . Data are expressed as the mean fold change (mean ± SEM, n = 3) from the calibrator group (2 DPH). Different letters denote days that are significantly different (< 0.05) analyzed by ANOVA followed by a Tukey test. The interval for the metamorphic process is shaded. B) Comparison of the relative levels of transcripts during larval development. Data are expressed as the ratio (calculated using 2) of target mRNA to mRNA.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of five different elongation factor 1 alpha genes in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Kaup): Differential gene expression and thyroid hormones dependence during metamorphosis"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2199/9/19</p><p>BMC Molecular Biology 2008;9():19-19.</p><p>Published online 30 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270864.</p><p></p