Draft measurement of five tyne duck foot plough in clay soil

In the present study, the draft requirement of five tyne duck foot plough was studied on clay soil for different soil moisture content, depth of operation and forward speed of tractor using a specially designed three-point hitch dynamometer.  The designed dynamometer was matched with the tractors having category II or III hitch systems. The data acquisition system adopted for the dynamometer had NI WSN-3214 Strain Nodes, NI 9792 WSN real-time Gateway and NI LAB View 2013 software. A data logger program was developed for the three-point hitch dynamometer. The investigation was carried out at that three levels soil moisture content (10-13%, 14-16% and 17-20%), at three different depth of operation (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three levels of the forward speed of tractor (3, 5 and 7 km h-1). The designed dynamometer performed well in all the levels of the experiment. The results showed that draft force required for five tyne duck foot plough was increased (408 kg) with an increase in soil moisture content (17-20%), whereas it was increased (408 kg) with an increase in depth of operation (25 cm) and forward speed of tractor (7 km h-1). The suitable sweep, the forward speed of operation, depth of operation and soil moisture content that influenced the draft force and energy consumption for tillage operation of duck foot type plough were identified and developed duck foot plough was better coverage with better soil operation.              

Radiative Corrections to Longitudinal and Transverse Gauge Boson and Higgs Production

Radiative corrections to gauge boson and Higgs production computed recently using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) require the one-loop high-scale matching coefficients in the standard model. We give explicit expressions for the matching coefficients for the effective field theory (EFT) operators for q qbar -> VV and q qbar -> phi^+ phi for a general gauge theory with an arbitrary number of gauge groups. The group theory factors are given explicitly for the standard model, including both QCD and electroweak corrections.Comment: 16 pages, 49 figure

B-Meson Distribution Amplitudes of Geometric Twist vs. Dynamical Twist

Two- and three-particle distribution amplitudes of heavy pseudoscalar mesons of well-defined geometric twist are introduced. They are obtained from appropriately parametrized vacuum-to-meson matrix elements by applying those twist projectors which determine the enclosed light-cone operators of definite geometric twist and, in addition, observing the heavy quark constraint. Comparing these distribution amplitudes with the conventional ones of dynamical twist we derive relations between them, partially being of Wandzura-Wilczek type; also sum rules of Burkhardt-Cottingham type are derived.The derivation is performed for the (double) Mellin moments and then re-summed to the non-local distribution amplitudes. Furthermore, a parametrization of vacuum-to-meson matrix elements for non-local operators off the light-cone in terms of distribution amplitudes accompanying independent kinematical structures is derived.Comment: 18 pages, Latex 2e, no figure

A GREEN APPROACH FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM, MESOPOROUS SILICA GRAFTED ACRYLAMIDE –β- CYCLODEXTRIN COMPOSITE, FOR THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CURCUMIN

Objective: The scope of the present study was the preparation and characterization of a novel composite acrylamide β-cyclodextrin grafted 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane bentonite (AMCD-g-APSB), for the controlled delivery of curcumin (CUR).Methods: AMCD-g-APSB, was synthesized by solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation. The structure and surface morphology of the composite was established using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, etc.Results: The swelling percentage of the composite depends on both time and pH of the medium. The maximum swelling of the composite occurred at a pH of 7.4. The maximum drug encapsulation was occurring at a pH 3. About 96.5% of drug was loaded at pH 3. In vitro biocompatibility study was performed, and the result showed good biocompatibility of the composite in the concentration range 2.5–50 μg/ml.Conclusions: Drug delivery study of the composite proved that CUR could be successfully released in a controlled manner in the colon without much loses of the drug in the stomach

Exotic mesons with double charm and bottom flavor

We study exotic mesons with double charm and bottom flavor, whose quark configuration is \bar{Q}\bar{Q}qq. This quark configuration has no annihilation process of quark and antiquark, and hence is a genuinely exotic states. We take a hadronic picture by considering the molecular states composed of a pair of heavy mesons, such as DD, DD* and D*D* for charm flavor, and BB, BB* and B*B* for bottom flavor. The interactions between heavy mesons are derived from the heavy quark effective theory. All molecular states are classified by I(J^P) quantum numbers, and are systematically studied up to the total angular momentum J \leq 2. By solving the coupled channel Schrodinger equations, due to the strong tensor force of one pion exchanging, we find bound and/or resonant states of various quantum numbers.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure

Operator Product Expansion for Exclusive Decays: B^+ ->Ds^+ e+e- and B^+ -> Ds^{*+} e+e-

The decays $B^+\to D_{s,d}^+e^+e^-$ and $B^+\to D_{s,d}^{*+}e^+e^-$ proceed through a weak and an electromagnetic interaction. This is a typical ``long distance'' process, usually difficult to compute systematically. We propose that over a large fraction of phase space a combination of an operator product and heavy quark expansions effectively turns this process into one in which the weak and electromagnetic interactions occur through a local operator. Moreover, we use heavy quark spin symmetry to relate all the local operators that appear in leading order of the operator expansion to two basic ones. We use this operator expansion to estimate the decay rates for $B^+\to D_{s,d}^{(*)+}e^+e^-$.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Latex, published version in PR

Synthesis of gamma ferric oxide by direct thermal decomposition of ferrous carbonate

Ferrous carbonate was precipitated from the reaction of ferrous sulfate and sodium carbonate in an aqueous medium. The precipitate was calcined at different heating rates (2, 5 and 10 °C/min, respectively) up to 500°C and the iron oxides produced were found to be magnetic. X-ray diffraction studies indicated the presence of gamma ferric oxide as a major phase in all the cases. It was found that wet precipitates, faster heating rate and short residence time in the furnace produced gamma ferric oxides with better magnetic properties (coercivity of around 360 Oe and saturation magnetization of 64 emu/g). The effect of aging time of ferrous carbonate precipitates on the magnetic properties was also studied

Biaxial Flexural Strength and Estimation of Size on the Strength Properties of FRP Composites

Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) are widely used as structural materials. For designing structural components, a designer is provided with data based on unidirectional testing. But in real structural applications the component is subjected to multiaxial stress throughout the material. Hence a multiaxial test is a better gauge of the behaviour of FRP components in service. In the present paper a ring-on-ring method was adopted which produces biaxial flexural stress on the FRP specimen. Wubull's statistical weakest link theory was applied to standardize the complexity and to assess the reliability of the results

Chiral Odd Generalized Parton Distributions in Position Space

We report on a calculation of the chiral odd generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for non-zero skewness $\zeta$ in transverse and longitudinal position spaces by taking Fourier transform with respect to the transverse and longitudinal momentum transfer respectively using overlaps of light-front wave functions (LFWFs).Comment: Presented at the 18 th International Spin Physics Symposium, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, October 6-11, 200

Analysis of electromagnetic scattering from irregularly shaped, thin, metallic flat plates

This report describes an application of the method of moments to calculate the electromagnetic scattering from irregularly shaped, thin, metallic flat plates in free space. In the present technique, an irregularly shaped plate is enclosed by a rectangle on which the surface-current density is then expressed in terms of subdomain functions by dividing the rectangle into subsections. A shape function is introduced to ensure zero current outside the patch. The surface-current density is determined using the electric field integral equation (EFIE) approach in conjunction with the method of moments, and from a knowledge of the surface-current density, the electromagnetic scattering from a plate is calculated. Using this technique, the electromagnetic scattering from a hexagonal plate; an equilateral triangular plate; an equilateral triangular plate with a concentric, equilateral triangular hole and an inverted, equilateral triangular hole; and a diamond-shaped plate is computed and compared with the numerical results obtained by using the Electromagnetic Surface Patch (ESP) code developed by Ohio State University. The numerical results compare favorably with the measurements performed on these shapes in the Langley Experimental Test Range facility