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Introduction<p>Visual impairment (VI) is associated with a variety of comorbidities including physical and mental health in industrial countries. Our aim is to examine associations between self-reported impairment and depressive symptoms in the German population.</p>Methods<p>The point prevalence of self-reported VI in Germany was computed using data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for adults from 2008 to 2011 (N = 7.783, 50.5% female, age range 18–79 years). VI was surveyed by two questions, one for seeing faces at a distance of 4 m and one for reading newspapers. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaire and 2-week prevalence was computed with weighted data. Depressive symptoms were defined by a value of ≥10. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze an association between self-reported VI and depressive symptoms. Multivariable analysis including adjustment for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and chronic diseases were carried out with weighted data.</p>Results<p>The 2-week prevalence of depressive symptoms was 20.8% (95% CI: 16.6–25.7%) for some difficulties in distance vision and 14.4% (95% CI: 7.5–25.9%) for severe difficulties in distance vision, while 17.0% (95% CI: 13.3–21.4%), respectively, 16.7% (95% CI: 10.7–25.1%) for near vision. Analysis revealed that depressive symptoms were associated with self-reported VI for reading, respectively, with low VI for distance vision. Multivariable regression analysis including potential confounders confirmed these findings.</p>Conclusion<p>Depressive symptoms are a frequent finding in subjects with difficulties in distance and near vision with a prevalence of up to 24%. Depressive comorbidity should therefore be evaluated in subjects reporting VI.</p

Physiological responses elicited by neutral and emotional sounds.

<p>Physiological responses elicited by neutral and emotional sounds as a function of group (DPD patients vs. patient controls) and mindfulness manipulation (normal listening vs. mindful breathing). A) Skin conductance response (SCR) amplitudes, B) phasic heart rate (HR) responses. Error bars indicate SEM, neut = neutral, neg = negative, and pos = positive sounds; -/+ indicate medium and high arousal, respectively.</p

Depersonalization Disorder: Disconnection of Cognitive Evaluation from Autonomic Responses to Emotional Stimuli

<div><p>Background</p><p>Patients with depersonalization disorder (DPD) typically complain about emotional detachment. Previous studies found reduced autonomic responsiveness to emotional stimuli for DPD patients as compared to patients with anxiety disorders. We aimed to investigate autonomic responsiveness to emotional auditory stimuli of DPD patients as compared to patient controls. Furthermore, we examined the modulatory effect of mindful breathing on these responses as well as on depersonalization intensity.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>22 DPD patients and 15 patient controls balanced for severity of depression and anxiety, age, sex and education, were compared regarding 1) electrodermal and heart rate data during a resting period, and 2) autonomic responses and cognitive appraisal of standardized acoustic affective stimuli in two conditions (normal listening and mindful breathing).</p> <p>Results</p><p>DPD patients rated the emotional sounds as significantly more neutral as compared to patient controls and standardized norm ratings. At the same time, however, they responded more strongly to acoustic emotional stimuli and their electrodermal response pattern was more modulated by valence and arousal as compared to patient controls. Mindful breathing reduced severity of depersonalization in DPD patients and increased the arousal modulation of electrodermal responses in the whole sample. Finally, DPD patients showed an increased electrodermal lability in the rest period as compared to patient controls.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>These findings demonstrated that the cognitive evaluation of emotional sounds in DPD patients is disconnected from their autonomic responses to those emotional stimuli. The increased electrodermal lability in DPD may reflect increased introversion and cognitive control of emotional impulses. The findings have important psychotherapeutic implications.</p> </div

Frequency distribution of DT score among all patients completing the DT and the PL (n = 520).

<p>Frequency distribution of DT score among all patients completing the DT and the PL (n = 520).</p

Narratives of disembodiment as described by the items of the Anomalous Body Experiences subscale of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale

<p>Anomalous Body Experiences <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089823#pone.0089823-Sierra2" target="_blank">[5]</a> according to the corresponding items of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089823#pone.0089823-Sierra3" target="_blank">[9]</a>.</p

Valence and arousal ratings for neutral and emotional sounds.

<div><p>A) Valence and arousal ratings for neutral and emotional sounds as a function of group (DPD patients vs. patient controls). The center of the ellipses in the left and middle column represent the mean rating and the radii correspond to the standard error of mean (SEM). The values next to the ellipses depict mean and SEM for vividness ratings. The right column shows valence and arousal ratings collapsed across arousal categories as a function of group with error bars indicating SEM.</p> <p>B) Average differences to the norm ratings (Bradley & Lang, 2007) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074331#B30" target="_blank">30</a>]. The dots in the left and middle column represent mean norm ratings and the crosses depict average ratings of each group. The bars in the right column depict differences to norm valence and arousal ratings collapsed across arousal categories as a function of group with error bars indicating SEM. neut = neutral, neg = negative, and pos = positive sounds; -/+ indicate medium and high arousal, respectively.</p></div

Association of demographic and clinical variables with high distress (n = 520).

1<p>Vaccination, Immuntherapy+Vaccination, Chemoimmuntherapy, Chemoimmuntherapy+Vaccination, Chemoimmuntherapy+Targeted Therapy, Interferon+Interleukin-2.</p

熱水変質岩からのヒ素の不溶化に及ぼす覆土層および吸着層の影響に関する研究 [論文内容及び審査の要旨]

<p>Partial correlations (controlled for age); ** p<.001;* p<.05</p><p>LEAS = Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale; HADS-D  =  Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Depression), HADS-D  =  Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Anxiety), ERQ-R  =  Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Reappraisal), ERQ-S  =  Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Suppression)</p

Childhood adversities and distress - The role of resilience in a representative sample

<div><p>While adverse childhood experiences have been shown to contribute to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, specifically distress and somatic symptoms, few studies have examined their joint effects with resilient coping style on adult adjustment. Hence, we aim to determine the association between resilient coping and distress in participants with and without reported childhood adversities. A representative German community sample (<i>N</i> = 2508) between 14–92 years (1334 women; 1174 men) was examined by the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Brief Resilience Coping Scale, standardized scales of distress and somatoform symptoms. Childhood adversity was associated with reduced adjustment, social support and resilience. It was also strongly associated with increased distress and somatoform complaints. Resilient coping was not only associated with lower distress, it also buffered the effects of childhood adversity on distress. Our study corroborates the buffering effect of resilience in a representative German sample. High trait resilient subjects show less distress and somatoform symptoms despite reported childhood adversities in comparison to those with low resilient coping abilities.</p></div

Evaluation of a transdiagnostic psychodynamic online intervention to support return to work: A randomized controlled trial

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Given their flexibility, online interventions may be useful as an outpatient treatment option to support vocational reintegration after inpatient rehabilitation. To that purpose we devised a transdiagnostic psychodynamic online intervention to facilitate return to work, focusing on interpersonal conflicts at the workplace often responsible for work-related stress.</p><p>Research design and methods</p><p>In a randomized controlled trial, we included employed patients from cardiologic, psychosomatic and orthopedic rehabilitation with work-related stress or need for support at intake to inpatient rehabilitation after they had given written consent to take part in the study. Following discharge, maladaptive interpersonal interactions at the workplace were identified via weekly blogs and processed by written therapeutic comments over 12 weeks in the intervention group (IG). The control group (CG) received an augmented treatment as usual condition. The main outcome, subjective prognosis of gainful employment (SPE), and secondary outcomes (psychological complaints) were assessed by means of online questionnaires before, at the end of aftercare (3 months) and at follow-up (12 months). We used ITT analyses controlling for baseline scores and medical group.</p><p>Results</p><p><i>N</i> = 319 patients were enrolled into IG and <i>N =</i> 345 into CG. 77% of the IG logged in to the webpage (CG 74%) and 65% of the IG wrote blogs. Compared to the CG, the IG reported a significantly more positive SPE at follow-up. Measures of depression, anxiety and psychosocial stressors decreased from baseline to follow-up, whereas the corresponding scores increased in the CG. Correspondingly, somatization and psychological quality of life improved in the IG.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Psychodynamic online aftercare was effective to enhance subjective prognosis of future employment and improved psychological complaints across a variety of chronic physical and psychological conditions, albeit with small effect sizes.</p></div