1,828 research outputs found

    MIMO pre-equalization and DFE for high-speed off-chip communication

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    In this contribution, we present a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver scheme for high-speed chip-to-chip communication over low-cost electrical interconnects. Linear MIMO pre-equalization at the transmitter is combined with decision feedback equalization (DFE) at the receiver to counteract the adverse effect of inter symbol interference (ISI) and crosstalk (XT). Considering an energy constraint at the transmit side, we derive elegant closed-form expressions for the equalization filters under a minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. Numerical analysis shows that the combination of linear MIMO pre-equalization and MIMO DFE allows to significantly improve the reliability of future high-speed off-chip communication

    Application of MIMO DF equalization to high-speed off-chip communication

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    In this contribution, we present a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equalizer with decision feedback (DF) for high-speed chip-to-chip communication. We derive an elegant closed-form expression for the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization filters and show that the application of MIMO DF equalization (DFE) allows to significantly improve the reliability of high-speed communication over low-cost electrical interconnects

    Performance analysis of pre-equalized multilevel partial response schemes

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    In order to achieve high speed on electrical interconnects, channel attenuation at high frequencies must be dealt with by proper transceiver design. In this paper we investigate finite-complexity MMSE pre-equalization under an average transmit power constraint, to compensate for channel distortion in the case of both full-response and precoded partial response signaling with L-PAM mapping, and consider the resulting error performance for symbol-by-symbol detection and sequence detection. For a representative electrical interconnect, we point out that the constellation size (2-PAM or 4-PAM), the type of signaling (full response or partial response), the detection method (symbol-by-symbol detection or sequence detection) and the number of pre-equalizer taps should be carefully selected in order to achieve satisfactory error performance at high data rates. For several scenarios, precoded duobinary 4-PAM is found to yield the best error performance for given average transmit power

    Dynamic aspects of retrenchments through temporal logic

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    Refinement is used as a way to verify an implementation with respect to a specification. States of related systems are linked through a so called gluing invariant which remains always true during the synchronous execution of both systems. Refinement is a sufficient condition for this property. Retrenchment is a generalization of refinement which relax the constraints between both systems. This paper proposes a temporal logic counterpart for some specific forms of retrenchment

    Some of Cohesion tools in Al-Maari poetry (ghair mojden)

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    ูŠูุนุฏู‘ู ู†ุญูˆู ุงู„ู†ุตู‘ู ุฃูŽุญุฏูŽ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏูŠู‘ุฉู ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉู ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุญุฏุซุชู’ ุซูˆุฑุฉู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุชู…ุซู„ู ูˆุณุงุฆู„ู ุงู„ุณุจูƒู ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠู‘ูŽุฉู ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉู ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุงุฑูŠุฉู ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู†ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุนู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏูŠุฉู ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉู. ูˆูŽูŠู†ุธุฑู ุงู„ุจุญุซู ููŠ ู…ุฏู‰ ู†ุฌุงุนุฉู ู‡ุฐู‡ู ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกู ุงู„ุดุนุฑูŠู‘ู ุนู†ุฏูŽ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุกู ุงู„ู…ุนุฑู‘ูŠ. ูˆูŽูŠุฏุฑุณู ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูุฌุงู…ู ุงู„ู†ุตูŠู‘ู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุญุฏุซู‡ู ููŠ ู‚ุตูŠุฏูŽุชูู‡ู ุงู„ุฏุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉูุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุจุญุซู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูู…ูƒู†ู ุฃู†ู’ ุชูุญุฏูุซูŽู‡ู ููŠ ุชู…ุงุณููƒู ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกู ุงู„ุดุนุฑูŠู‘ู. ูˆูŠุณุนู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุซู ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู ุฐู„ูƒูŽ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู ุฅูŠุถุงุญู ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ู ู‡ุฐู‡ู ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆูู„ู ูˆุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุชู‡ุง ูˆุชู…ุซู„ุงุชูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกู ุงู„ุณุจูƒูŠู‘ู ุงู„ุนุงู…ู‘ู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ู ุงู„ู‚ูŽุตูŠุฏุฉูุŒ ุซูู…ู‘ูŽ ูŠูุธู‡ุฑู ุงู„ุจุญุซู ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทูŽ ุงู„ู†ูŽุณู‚ูŠู‘ูŽ ุจูŠู†ูŽ ููƒุฑู ุงู„ู…ุนุฑู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠู‘ู ูˆู†ุธุฑุชู‡ู ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉู ูˆุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏูุŒ ูˆุจูŠู†ูŽ ุงู„ุจูู†ุงุกู ุงู„ู†ุตู‘ูŠู ูˆุงู„ุชุฃู„ูŠููŠู‘ู ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉู ุจูู…ูƒูˆู‘ูู†ุงุชูู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ุบูˆูŠู‘ุฉู ูˆุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจูŠู‘ุฉูุ› ู„ุฅูุธู‡ุงุฑู ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู ุชุญู‚ู‚ู ุนู†ุงุตุฑู ุงู„ู†ุตูŠู‘ุฉู ุงู„ุณุจูƒูŠู‘ุฉู ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠู‘ุฉู ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ู„ุญูƒู…ู ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉู ุงู„ู…ุนุฑู‘ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅููŠุตุงู„ู ุฑูุณุงู„ุชู‡ู ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠู‘ุฉู ู„ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠู‡ู ุนุจุฑูŽ ู‡ุฐู‡ู ุงู„ู‚ูŽุตูŠุฏุฉู ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฑุงุฏูŽ ุงู„ุดุงุนุฑู ููŠู‡ุง ุฑูุซุงุกูŽ ุฃุจูŠ ุญู…ุฒุฉูŽ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ูุ› ููŽุฑุซู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠู‘ูŽุฉูŽ ุฌู…ุนุงุกูŽุŒ ุจู„ ุฑุซู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉูŽ ุจูุฑูู…ู‘ุชู‡ุง.Drawing on modern revolutioning critical studies, the focus of this paper is on the cohesion characteristic in the poetic structure of Abi Al-Alla Al-Maariโ€™s โ€œAl-Naseemโ€ poem. More specifically, this study examines the extent of efficacy of such means by discussing the concept of โ€œcohesionโ€, its linguistic means, its applications and its representation in the general casting structure of this poem. The study illustrates the coordination link between the thought of Al-Maari and its life and existence aproach, and between the textual, grammatical and narrative structure. Eventually, the paper makes a case for Maariโ€™s ability to communicate his human message to his recipients through this poem, whereby the poet provided the lamentation of Abu Hamza al-Faqih. He lamented all of humanity, but rather the whole of life

    Consent in Therapy and Experimentation

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    During the last few decades, it has become recognised that patients can legitimately exercise their right to autonomy and self-determination in health care. Among the obvious privileges that the application of this principle accords to the patient in the medical context is taking part in the decision-making process and an obligation on the part of health professional to respect his or her choices with respect to his or her decisions in health care. Hence, among other things, the right to consent to or refuse treatment and the right to die, became natural and rational claims for patients
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