Large blade impeller application for turbulent liquid–liquid and solid–liquid mixing

Application of large blade impellers to turbulent single-phase and two-phase mixing is investigated in this work in order to provide a quantitative basis for estimating the possible advantages in industrial mixing operations with respect to fast impeller types. The analysis is based on the discussion of three-dimensional velocity fields collected in a single-phase vessel stirred by a Maxblend impeller by stereoscopic particle image velocimetry and of dispersed phase distribution and liquid mixing time obtained in solid–liquid and liquid–liquid systems by electrical resistance tomography. The results highlight that turbulent two-phase mixing can be efficiently performed in baffled vessels stirred by large blade impellers both in shear-rate controlled and bulk-motion controlled processes

A Review on Composite Liposomal Technologies for Specialized Drug Delivery

The combination of liposomes with polymeric scaffolds could revolutionize the current state of drug delivery technology. Although liposomes have been extensively studied as a promising drug delivery model for bioactive compounds, there still remain major drawbacks for widespread pharmaceutical application. Two approaches for overcoming the factors related to the suboptimal efficacy of liposomes in drug delivery have been suggested. The first entails modifying the liposome surface with functional moieties, while the second involves integration of pre-encapsulated drug-loaded liposomes within depot polymeric scaffolds. This attempts to provide ingenious solutions to the limitations of conventional liposomes such as short plasma half-lives, toxicity, stability, and poor control of drug release over prolonged periods. This review delineates the key advances in composite technologies that merge the concepts of depot polymeric scaffolds with liposome technology to overcome the limitations of conventional liposomes for pharmaceutical applications