Knowledge about Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards and Tanning Behavior of Cosmetology and Medical Students

No abstract available.</p

First record of Exobasidium rhododendri (Fuckel) C. E. Cramer in Poland

We report here the first wild locality of Exobasidium rhododendri (Fuckel) C. E. Cramer in Poland. This peculiar species is an obligatory pathogenic basidiomycete, which induces formation of galls on leaves of Rhododendron. It was found for the first time in Poland in 2017 on Rhododendron ferrugineum L. plants in a population of this shrub in the Karkonosze Mts (the Sudetes range). The species was recently shown to be native and a relict. We also present a basic description of the species based on the specimens from the abovementioned locality

A FDR Sensor for Measuring Complex Soil Dielectric Permittivity in the 10–500 MHz Frequency Range

Mechanical details as well as electrical models of FDR (frequency domain reflectometry) sensors for the measurement of the complex dielectric permittivity of porous materials are presented. The sensors are formed from two stainless steel parallel waveguides of various lengths. Using the data from VNA (vector network analyzer) with the connected FDR sensor and selected models of the applied sensor it was possible obtain the frequency spectrum of dielectric permittivity from 10 to 500 MHz of reference liquids and soil samples of various moisture and salinity. The performance of the analyzed sensors were compared with TDR (time domain reflectometry) ones of similar mechanical construction

Patterns of care for brachytherapy in Europe (PC BE) in Spain and Poland: Comparative results

BackgroundCancer incidence and its mortality depend on a number of factors, including age, socio-economic status and geographic situation, and its incidence is growing around the world [1]. Cancer incidence in Europe is now about 4000 patients per million per year and due to the ageing population a yearly increase of 1–1.5% in cancer cases is estimated in the next two decades [2–4]. Most of the cancer treatments will include external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy. Brachytherapy has increased its use as a radical or palliative treatment and become more sophisticated with the spread of pulsed dose rate and high dose rate afterloading machines, and the use of new planning systems has additionally improved quality of treatment [5–14]AimThe aim of the present study was to compare two countries (Poland and Spain) and to report the differences in the use of brachytherapy in these countries. For this reason, several characteristics related to brachytherapy were compared.Materials/MethodsThe data used were collected using a website questionnaire for the year 2002 where every centre that participated in the survey could introduce, change or update the information requested. Hospitals included in the study were those that provided data on brachytherapy, because our objective was to compare the brachytherapy facilities between Poland and Spain.ResultsData were available for 22 centres in Poland and 39 centres in Spain that provided brachytherapy in 2002. Spain having more centres that applied brachytherapy (1.0 centre per 1,000,000 inhabitants in Spain vs. 0.6 centre per 1,000,000 inhabitants in Poland), the average number of brachytherapy patients per centre is lower in Spain than in Poland, 137 and 382 respectively. The 5 main tumour sites treated with brachytherapy in Poland were: gynaecological (73.7%), bronchus (13.0%), breast (2.8%), prostate (2.4%) and head and neck (1.6%). In Spain they were: gynaecological (59.7%), breast (15.4%), prostate (12.8%), head and neck (4.2%) and bronchus (1.5%). Statistically significant differences were found in the number of gynaecological, bronchial and breast brachytherapy patients between the countries.ConclusionsAlthough both countries belong to the European Union, there were observed several differences in the use of brachytherapy. We also found some differences in the brachytherapy techniques used in prostate and head and neck cancers

Wild vascular plants gathered for consumption in the Polish countryside: a review

BACKGROUND: This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18(th )century to the present day, within the present borders of Poland. METHODS: 42 ethnographic and botanical sources documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analyzed. RESULTS: The use of 112 species (3.7% of the flora) has been recorded. Only half of them have been used since the 1960s. Three species: Cirsium rivulare, Euphorbia peplus and Scirpus sylvaticus have never before been reported as edible by ethnobotanical literature. The list of wild edible plants which are still commonly gathered includes only two green vegetables (Rumex acetosa leaves for soups and Oxalis acetosella as children's snack), 15 folk species of fruits and seeds (Crataegus spp., Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus spp., Rosa canina, Rubus idaeus, Rubus sect. Rubus, Sambucus nigra, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. oxycoccos, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea) and four taxa used for seasoning or as preservatives (Armoracia rusticana root and leaves, Carum carvi seeds, Juniperus communis pseudo-fruits and Quercus spp. leaves). The use of other species is either forgotten or very rare. In the past, several species were used for food in times of scarcity, most commonly Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, U. urens, Elymus repens, Oxalis acetosella and Cirsium spp., but now the use of wild plants is mainly restricted to raw consumption or making juices, jams, wines and other preserves. The history of the gradual disappearance of the original barszcz, Heracleum sphondylium soup, from Polish cuisine has been researched in detail and two, previously unpublished, instances of its use in the 20(th )century have been found in the Carpathians. An increase in the culinary use of some wild plants due to media publications can be observed. CONCLUSION: Poland can be characterized as a country where the traditions of culinary use of wild plants became impoverished very early, compared to some parts of southern Europe. The present use of wild plants, even among the oldest generation, has been almost entirely restricted to fruits

Dual-use hybrid power storage system

Uzależnienie współczesnych urządzeń wojskowych od energii elektrycznej powoduje, że ich skuteczność i niezawodność zależy w bardzo dużym stopniu od ciągłości dostarczania energii elektrycznej oraz jej jakości. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono koncepcję wykonania systemu magazynowania energii dla zastosowań cywilnych i wojskowych. Omówiono budowę i przeznaczenie poszczególnych bloków systemu, a także zastosowanie filozofii „klocków” i gwiaździstej topologii układu połączeń. Nakreślono perspektywy dalszej realizacji projektu jako bazy do przyszłej produkcji systemu.The dependence of modern military equipment on electricity makes their effectiveness and reliability depends very much on the continuity of electricity supply and its quality. This paper presents the concept of implementation of an energy storage system for civil and military applications. The construction and purpose of individual system blocks are discussed as well as the application of the philosophy of „bricks” and the starshaped topology of the connection system. Perspectives for the further implementation of the project as a basis for the future production of the system were outlined

Dual-use hybrid power storage system

The dependence of modern military equipment on electricity makes their effectiveness and reliability depends very much on the continuity of electricity supply and its quality. This paper presents the concept of implementation of an energy storage system for civil and military applications. The construction and purpose of individual system blocks are discussed as well as the application of the philosophy of "bricks" and the star-shaped topology of the connection system. Perspectives for the further implementation of the project as a basis for the future production of the system were outlined.Uzależnienie współczesnych urządzeń wojskowych od energii elektrycznej powoduje, że ich skuteczność i niezawodność zależy w bardzo dużym stopniu od ciągłości dostarczania energii elektrycznej oraz jej jakości. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono koncepcję wykonania systemu magazynowania energii dla zastosowań cywilnych i wojskowych. Omówiono budowę i przeznaczenie poszczególnych bloków systemu, a także zastosowanie filozofii „klocków” i gwiaździstej topologii układu połączeń. Nakreślono perspektywy dalszej realizacji projektu, jako bazy do przyszłej produkcji systemu

Application of polycrystalline silicon cells as elastic photovoltaic covers

Uzależnienie współczesnych urządzeń wojskowych od energii elektrycznej powoduje, że ich skuteczność i niezawodność zależy w bardzo dużym stopniu od ciągłości dostarczania energii elektrycznej oraz jej jakości. Rozwiązaniem zmniejszającym zagrożenie braku ciągłości zasilania może być elastyczne pokrycie fotowoltaiczne realizowane w ramach programu „GEKON – Generator Koncepcji Ekologicznych”. Dynamiczny rozwój źródeł odnawialnych powoduje znaczący spadek ich cen oraz polepszenie ich efektywności energetycznej. Wymienione zalety powodują, że konwencjonalne źródła prądu (np. zespoły prądotwórcze) w określonych wyżej przypadkach mogą być zastępowane przez źródła alternatywne. Istotą projektu jest skonstruowanie innowacyjnego elastycznego pokrycia fotowoltaicznego wykonanego w oparciu o polikrystaliczne ogniwa krzemowe. W ramach projektu określono: sposób cięcia pojedynczych ogniw na mniejsze płytki, dobór elastycznego podłoża, rozmieszczenie płytek oraz rozwiązanie metody wykonania połączeń pomiędzy nimi, a także koncepcję systemu gromadzenia energii zintegrowanego z pokryciem. Przedstawiono wyniki podstawowych badań pokrycia w zakresie pomiarów elektrycznych, elektroluminescencji oraz termoemisji. W oparciu o zrealizowane prace wykonano model elastycznego pokrycia fotowoltaicznego będącego bazą do dalszej realizacji projektu. Takie rozwiązanie ma na celu zapewnić dużą autonomię w praktycznie w każdej sytuacji kryzysowej, może być wykorzystane np. jako element dachów namiotów lub jako wyposażenie osobiste żołnierza.The dependence of modern military equipment on electricity means that their efficiency and reliability depend very much on the continuity of electricity supply and its quality. The solution to reduce the risk of power loss may be the flexible solar cover implemented under the „GEKON - Generator of Ecological Concepts” program. Dynamic development of renewable sources causes a significant drop in their prices and improvement of their energy efficiency. The aforementioned advantages mean that conventional power sources (eg power generating sets) in the above-mentioned cases can be replaced by alternative sources. The essence of the project is to construct an innovative elastic photovoltaic cover made based on polycrystalline silicon cells. The project defined: the method of cutting individual cells into smaller plates, selection of a flexible substrate, arrangement of tiles and the solution of the method of making connections between them, as well as the concept of a system of accumulating energy integrated with the cover. The results of basic coverage tests in the field of electrical measurements, electroluminescence and thermoemission are presented. Based on the work carried out, a model of flexible photovoltaic cover was made which is the basis for further project implementation. This solution is intended to provide a large autonomy in practically every crisis situation, it can be used, for example, as an element of tent roofs or as a soldier’s personal equipment

Experimental and Numerical Study of NACA and Conventional Riveting Procedure

Fatigue behaviour is one of the most important properties of modern airplanes and rivets influence it strongly. According to the literature, the NACA riveting offers a multiple increase in the fatigue life of joints