Estandarización del proceso de panificacion en la empresa ricuras de la ciudad de puerto tejada

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto estandarizar la producción en la panadería Ricuras, pues presentaba problemas de control en proceso, alto nivel de desperdicios, cantidad apreciable de producto defectuoso, nivel de rentabilidad inferior a lo esperado y otros aspectos que afectaban el buen desempeño de la empresa. Para ello se estudio detenidamente cada una de las etapas del proceso, identificando las variables que influían en la calidad y características del producto terminado. Así mismo se analizaron tiempos, movimientos y métodos de trabajo utilizados, obra de mano, maquinaria y distribución de planta. Algunas ayudas estadísticas, pruebas sencillas de control de calidad y una capacitación permanente del personal operativo, permitieron detectar los problemas y aplicar los correctivos y mejoras con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos de la estandarización. El sistema de documentación fue revisado y ajustado a la situación real de la empresa, implementando fichas técnicas de materia prima y producto terminado, definiendo el manual de procedimientos y funciones, un plan de limpieza y desinfección, documentación de algunas pruebas fisicoquímicas y sensoriales y se establecieron las formulaciones y variables del proceso para que exista un mejor control productivo. En conclusión se logró una mejora general en la calidad de los productos, mayor control de materias primas, mejores condiciones de fabricación, aprovechamiento del tiempo y control de rangos estándar de calidad sensorial; entre estos podemos resaltar el promedio incrementado en los resultados de la evaluación sensorial de 65 a 85 puntos, el volumen de producción de 2 a 7.5 arrobas, reducción en la variación y desviación estándar del peso en 10 y 8 gr. respectivamente, menor cantidad de defectuosos con disminución de 12% a 3%, el margen de utilidad se incremento entre un 3 y 7% en cada producto. cEl presente trabajo tiene como objeto estandarizar la producción en la panadería Ricuras, pues presentaba problemas de control en proceso, alto nivel de desperdicios, cantidad apreciable de producto defectuoso, nivel de rentabilidad inferior a lo esperado y otros aspectos que afectaban el buen desempeño de la empresa. Para ello se estudio detenidamente cada una de las etapas del proceso, identificando las variables que influían en la calidad y características del producto terminado. Así mismo se analizaron tiempos, movimientos y métodos de trabajo utilizados, obra de mano, maquinaria y distribución de planta. Algunas ayudas estadísticas, pruebas sencillas de control de calidad y una capacitación permanente del personal operativo, permitieron detectar los problemas y aplicar los correctivos y mejoras con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos de la estandarización. El sistema de documentación fue revisado y ajustado a la situación real de la empresa, implementando fichas técnicas de materia prima y producto terminado, definiendo el manual de procedimientos y funciones, un plan de limpieza y desinfección, documentación de algunas pruebas fisicoquímicas y sensoriales y se establecieron las formulaciones y variables del proceso para que exista un mejor control productivo. En conclusión se logró una mejora general en la calidad de los productos, mayor control de materias primas, mejores condiciones de fabricación, aprovechamiento del tiempo y control de rangos estándar de calidad sensorial; entre estos podemos resaltar el promedio incrementado en los resultados de la evaluación sensorial de 65 a 85 puntos, el volumen de producción de 2 a 7.5 arrobas, reducción en la variación y desviación estándar del peso en 10 y 8 gr. respectivamente, menor cantidad de defectuosos con disminución de 12% a 3%, el margen de utilidad se incremento entre un 3 y 7% en cada producto.

Assessment of Diet in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Collaboration of Behavioral and Basic Scientists

Introduction: Clinical research to develop treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is focusing on a nutritional regimen restricting certain carbohydrates while incorporating the use of an optimal diet that includes pre- and probiotic foods. Current assessments are not able to measure elements of this nutritional regimen, thus we developed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This FFQ will be utilized in a prospective study of IBD patients following an anti-inflammatory diet (IBD-AID) developed by us and used clinically at UMASS. We will track the bacterial communities inhabiting the microbiome of patients to determine diet-dependent changes, and their relation with patient wellbeing. Objectives: 1) Develop an FFQ capable of identifying dietary components important to IBD: prebiotics, probiotics, beneficial nutrient intake, and avoidance of certain foods. 2) Determine diet-dependent changes of the gut microbiome. Hypothesis: This study will show the microbiome of patients adopting the IBD-AID converge to one or more healthy \u27enterotype\u27 signatures, as compared to a non-IBD-AID control group. Experimental design: Patients record daily FFQ. Foods and food groups (270) are categorized and grouped according to criteria of interest. Each food has a referent by which the patient can compare their own consumption. A scoring system satisfying dietary guidelines and components of the IBD-AID will be utilized. Twice per week patients collect stool samples for microbiome analysis. Microbiome composition and ecological metrics are compared to identify components influenced by the IBD-AID, and to separate bacterial \u27enterotype\u27 signatures of patients before, during and after diet intervention. We are currently recruiting patients

Phylogeographic evidence of cognate recognition site patterns and transformation efficiency differences in H. pylori: theory of strain dominance

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori has diverged in parallel to its human host, leading to distinct phylogeographic populations. Recent evidence suggests that in the current human mixing in Latin America, European H. pylori (hpEurope) are increasingly dominant at the expense of Amerindian haplotypes (hspAmerind). This phenomenon might occur via DNA recombination, modulated by restriction-modification systems (RMS), in which differences in cognate recognition sites (CRS) and in active methylases will determine direction and frequency of gene flow. We hypothesized that genomes from hspAmerind strains that evolved from a small founder population have lost CRS for RMS and active methylases, promoting hpEurope’s DNA invasion. We determined the observed and expected frequencies of CRS for RMS in DNA from 7 H. pylori whole genomes and 110 multilocus sequences. We also measured the number of active methylases by resistance to in vitro digestion by 16 restriction enzymes of genomic DNA from 9 hpEurope and 9 hspAmerind strains, and determined the direction of DNA uptake in co-culture experiments of hspAmerind and hpEurope strains. RESULTS: Most of the CRS were underrepresented with consistency between whole genomes and multilocus sequences. Although neither the frequency of CRS nor the number of active methylases differ among the bacterial populations (average 8.6 ± 2.6), hspAmerind strains had a restriction profile distinct from that in hpEurope strains, with 15 recognition sites accounting for the differences. Amerindians strains also exhibited higher transformation rates than European strains, and were more susceptible to be subverted by larger DNA hpEurope-fragments than vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: The geographical variation in the pattern of CRS provides evidence for ancestral differences in RMS representation and function, and the transformation findings support the hypothesis of Europeanization of the Amerindian strains in Latin America via DNA recombination

Dysbiosis in a canine model of human fistulizing Crohn\u27s disease

Crohn\u27s disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition caused by the loss of mucosal tolerance toward the commensal microbiota. On average, 29.5% and 42.7% CD patients experience perianal complications at 10 and 20 y after diagnosis, respectively. Perianal CD (pCD) result in high disease burden, diminished quality of life, and elevated health-care costs. Overall pCD are predictors of poor long-term outcomes. Animal models of gut inflammation have failed to fully recapitulate the human manifestations of fistulizing CD. Here, we evaluated dogs with spontaneous canine anal furunculosis (CAF), a disease with clinical similarities to pCD, as a surrogate model for understanding the microbial contribution of human pCD pathophysiology. By comparing the gut microbiomes between dogs suffering from CAF (CAF dogs) and healthy dogs, we show CAF-dog microbiomes are either very dissimilar (dysbiotic) or similar (healthy-like), yet unique, to healthy dog\u27s microbiomes. Compared to healthy or healthy-like CAF microbiomes, dysbiotic CAF microbiomes showed an increased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli and a decreased abundance of Megamonas species and Prevotella copri. Our results mirror what have been reported in previous microbiome studies of patients with CD; particularly, CAF dogs exhibited two distinct microbiome composition: dysbiotic and healthy-like, with determinant bacterial taxa such as E. coli and P. copri that overlap what it has been found on their human counterpart. Thus, our results support the use of CAF dogs as a surrogate model to advance our understanding of microbial dynamics in pCD

Dysbiosis in a canine model of human fistulizing Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition caused by the loss of mucosal tolerance toward the commensal microbiota. On average, 29.5% and 42.7% CD patients experience perianal complications at 10 and 20 y after diagnosis, respectively. Perianal CD (pCD) result in high disease burden, diminished quality of life, and elevated health-care costs. Overall pCD are predictors of poor long-term outcomes. Animal models of gut inflammation have failed to fully recapitulate the human manifestations of fistulizing CD. Here, we evaluated dogs with spontaneous canine anal furunculosis (CAF), a disease with clinical similarities to pCD, as a surrogate model for understanding the microbial contribution of human pCD pathophysiology. By comparing the gut microbiomes between dogs suffering from CAF (CAF dogs) and healthy dogs, we show CAF-dog microbiomes are either very dissimilar (dysbiotic) or similar (healthy-like), yet unique, to healthy dog's microbiomes. Compared to healthy or healthy-like CAF microbiomes, dysbiotic CAF microbiomes showed an increased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli and a decreased abundance of Megamonas species and Prevotella copri. Our results mirror what have been reported in previous microbiome studies of patients with CD; particularly, CAF dogs exhibited two distinct microbiome composition: dysbiotic and healthy-like, with determinant bacterial taxa such as E. coli and P. copri that overlap what it has been found on their human counterpart. Thus, our results support the use of CAF dogs as a surrogate model to advance our understanding of microbial dynamics in pCD

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water-methanol and -glycerol mixtures using Pd/TiO2(-WO3) catalysts and validation in a solar pilot plant

This paper is focused on the photocatalytic hydrogen production on Pd/TiO2(-WO3) catalysts from water-methanol and water-glycerol mixtures under UVA and solar irradiation. The photodeposition method for Pd was studied varying conditions such as Pd amount, catalyst concentration and methanol concentration. The catalysts were tested at lab scale under simulated solar light and UVA radiation and also at large scale (25 L) under solar energy using a pilot-scale solar Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC). The catalysts characterization was performed by means of ICP-OES, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, XRD, HR-TEM, XPS and DR–UV–Vis spectroscopy. Hydrogen evolution was monitored by on-line gas chromatography.From results it was found the Pd photodeposition method plays a key role to increase the hydrogen evolution, affecting parameters like the Pd amount deposited, the Pd nanoparticles size and dispersion. The highest quantum efficiency (¿) obtained in this study was 11.8% and 41.2% under simulated solar and UVA irradiation, respectively, using Pd(0.24 wt%)/P25 in an aqueous solution of methanol (50 vol%). In the pilot-scale solar CPC, for Pd(0.24 wt%)//P25 catalysts in 5 vol% of methanol or glycerol as sacrificial agents, the quantum yield were 2.1 and 2.2%, respectively. When the concentration of the sacrificial agents decreased to 0.37 vol%, the quantum yields were 1.3 and 2.4% for methanol and glycerol, respectively. Compared to literature, the low noble metal content of these catalysts (0.25 wt%) seems to be a competitive factor considering their high price.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

SepA Enhances Shigella Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Degrading Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Producing a Neutrophil Chemoattractant

Shigella spp. are highly adapted pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery in human and nonhuman primates. An unusual feature of Shigella pathogenesis is that this organism invades the colonic epithelia from the basolateral pole. Therefore, it has evolved the ability to disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the basolateral surface. We have shown previously that the secreted serine protease A (SepA), which belongs to the family of serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae, is responsible for the initial destabilization of the intestinal epithelial barrier that facilitates Shigella invasion. However, the mechanisms used by SepA to regulate this process remain unknown. To investigate the protein targets cleaved by SepA in the intestinal epithelium, we incubated a sample of homogenized human colon with purified SepA or with a catalytically inactive mutant of this protease. We discovered that SepA targets an array of 18 different proteins, including alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a major circulating serine proteinase inhibitor in humans. In contrast to other serine proteases, SepA cleaved AAT without forming an inhibiting complex, which resulted in the generation of a neutrophil chemoattractant. We demonstrated that the products of the AAT-SepA reaction induce a mild but significant increase in neutrophil transepithelial migration in vitro. Moreover, the presence of AAT during Shigella infection stimulated neutrophil migration and dramatically enhanced the number of bacteria invading the intestinal epithelium in a SepA-dependent manner. We conclude that by cleaving AAT, SepA releases a chemoattractant that promotes neutrophil migration, which in turn disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier to enable Shigella invasion. IMPORTANCE Shigella is the second leading cause of diarrheal death globally. In this study, we identified the host protein targets of SepA, Shigella\u27s major protein secreted in culture. We demonstrated that by cleaving AAT, a serine protease inhibitor important to protect surrounding tissue at inflammatory sites, SepA releases a neutrophil chemoattractant that enhances Shigella invasion. Moreover, SepA degraded AAT without becoming inhibited by the cleaved product, and SepA catalytic activity was enhanced at higher concentrations of AAT. Activation of SepA by an excess of AAT may be physiologically relevant at the early stages of Shigella infection, when the amount of synthesized SepA is very low compared to the concentration of AAT in the intestinal lumen. This observation may also help to explain the adeptness of Shigella infectivity at low dose, despite the requirement of reaching the basolateral side to invade and colonize the colonic epithelium

Las diseñadoras como minoría en los mercados laborales del diseño, diferencias que demandan respeto por la diversidad

Se presenta como un avance de investigación la construcción de una estructura teórica fundamentada en las identidades con en base en Giménez (2005), para entender la complejidad de “las diseñadoras” atendiendo a su identidad como mujeres y como profesionistas dentro de un mercado laboral tradicionalmente conformado por y para varones. Este análisis permite comprender las dinámicas relacionales la estructura patriarcal ̶ machista que otorga a las mujeres un rol dominado y sometido dentro del mercado laboral del diseño. Se da una visión de esta forma de discriminación y generación de violencia a través de la teoría de la diferencia sexual de Rosi Braidotti quien propone que se vea a las problemáticas de las mujeres a través de la mirada de las propias mujeres pensadas desde la subjetividad femenina. Incluso en la actualidad, en donde la profesión del diseño se encuentra establecida desde hace más de 50 años, y damos por supuestas condiciones laborales que México y están constituidas bajo una legislación de igualdad, se vislumbran situaciones desiguales que muchas veces generan violencia que como mujeres estamos “acostumbradas” y llevan décadas naturalizadas en la estructura sociocultural y lamentablemente forman parte de las identidades culturales del país. Nos referimos, sobre todo, a aspectos que tienden a ignorar, minimizar, denigrar el trabajo de las mujeres, así como sufrir acoso laboral, sometimiento, dominación, depreciación de capacidades, entre otros; debido a una estructura capitalista ̶ patriarcal ̶ machista y en la cual estamos situados, la cual reproduce las desigualdades de género; este trabajo lo especifica en el mercado laboral del diseño. Lograr un mercado laboral del diseño mucho más incluyente y equitativo es parte de los desafíos actuales, en donde las oportunidades estén dadas por las habilidades y competencias que se poseen, independientemente de la diferencia sexual, afirmando la subjetividad de los individuos desde la diferencia y la diversidad. Las mujeres han sido víctimas de violencias, supresión e invisiblización a lo largo de la historia. Por ende, resulta necesario difundir la aceptación, empatía y equidad, dando apertura a la inclusión, creando experiencias que impacten en la vida de los demás, generando nuevos mercados laborales que les permitan una relación más inclusiva y armoniosa con su entorno en donde sean valoradas en su subjetividad y condición femenina. Este trabajo permite vislumbrar algunos escenarios futuros, posibilidades que de manera lateral al mercado tradicional se han generado y tienen hoy amplias posibilidades de generar sitios alternativos, seguros para el trabajo de las mujeres y en específico como lo veremos en este documento para las diseñadoras en México

LA EVALUACIÓN DEL POSGRADO Y SU INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN. EL CASO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE OCCIDENTE

One of the most evident aspects in the contemporary world is the central place occupied by the technological ways of production and reproduction of information. They take an always larger space in our lives, catalyzing our emotions and our attitudes facing the world and showing their gloomier side when collaborating with the maintenance of the status quo. We observed the influence of the Cultural Industry in several ambits, as well as in the school. Than we discussed the teacher's role taking the media in account: is he a hero or a villain? The discussion had as a starting point the fact that the teacher is inserted in that society, feeling and thinking according its concepts, often commercial, unjust and prejudicious. The study goes then, in the direction of a valorization of the teacher's education in humanities, starting from a reflection on himself and, so, transporting it into his pedagogic practice. Este trabajo aborda resultados parciales de la investigación realizada en el marco del proyecto: La transformación de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) y la evaluación del posgrado en Sinaloa. Caso: Universidad de Occidente (UdeO). El objetivo de investigación de este avance es identificar los cambios en el posgrado de la universidad pública y su grado de internacionalización, con el fin de conocer las estrategias de las IES para la mejora de la calidad de la educación superior y la formación de recursos humanos de alto nivel. Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran una escasa y débil instrumentación de la evaluación de los programas educativos de posgrado; nula promoción de la internacionalización del posgrado y limitaciones para la internacionalización debido a la poca flexibilidad de la normatividad institucional, entre otras

An allosteric switch between the activation loop and a c-terminal palindromic phosphomotif controls c-Src function.

Autophosphorylation controls the transition between discrete functional and conformational states in protein kinases, yet the structural and molecular determinants underlying this fundamental process remain unclear. Here we show that c-terminal Tyr 530 is a de facto c-Src autophosphorylation site with slow time-resolution kinetics and a strong intermolecular component. On the contrary, activation-loop Tyr 419 undergoes faster kinetics and a cis-to-trans phosphorylation switch that controls c-terminal Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, enzyme specificity, and strikingly, c-Src non-catalytic function as a substrate. In line with this, we visualize by X-ray crystallography a snapshot of Tyr 530 intermolecular autophosphorylation. In an asymmetric arrangement of both catalytic domains, a c-terminal palindromic phospho-motif flanking Tyr 530 on the substrate molecule engages the G-loop of the active kinase adopting a position ready for entry into the catalytic cleft. Perturbation of the phosphomotif accounts for c-Src dysfunction as indicated by viral and colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated c-terminal deleted variants.Weshow that c-terminal residues 531 to 536 are required for c-Src Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, and such a detrimental effect is caused by the substrate molecule inhibiting allosterically the active kinase. Our work reveals a crosstalk between the activation and c-terminal segments that control the allosteric interplay between substrateand enzyme-acting kinases during autophosphorylation.post-print5137 K