Influence of the shooting distance on the depth of penetration of the bullet into the replacement material for air gun weapons

In the last few years, it has been possible to see an increasing trend of aggression in society, leading to the more frequent use of weapons in conflicts. The using of air weapons is also increasing. But are these weapons really dangerous, and what is the effect of shooting distance on the depth of the shot? The article tries to answer these questions. The paper uses ballistic experiment to gain knowledge on which a qualitative evaluation is used. The shooting experiment is based on the firing of physical substitution models made of 20% ballistic gelatine from an air gun with a calibre of 4.5 mm, at a distance of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m. The impact velocities of the projectile were measured using optical ballistic gates and using high-speed cameras were recorded missile passes ballistic gelatin. The depths of the shots were then measured using callipers, and the maximum dimensions and the shape of the temporary cavities of the shots were determined using optical recordings from the high-speed camera. It was found that the depth of the shot decreases with increasing shooting distance. The same applies to the maximum volumes of temporary cavities. These trends are almost linear and are associated with a drop in the impact velocity of the projectile hitting the test target. This pilot experiment serves for the initial verification of the hypothesis of the effect of shooting distance on the depth of shot in air gun weapons and provides essential information for further in-depth investigation. © 2019, Danube Adria Association for Automation and Manufacturing, DAAAM. All rights reserved

The Role of a Forensic Expert in the Field of Self-Defense Under Current Legislation and Beyond

A forensic expert in the field of self-defense is a specialist with extensive knowledge in defence methods, close combat, defensive means, or coercive means. The core of the forensic expert's work in this field is the assessment of the facts of conflict situations in which physical violence between two or more persons has been used. The role of a forensic expert is to answer questions related to the parties' roles in the conflict, factors that influenced the conduct of the fight, the course of the fight and the possibility of resolving the conflict situation. Self-defense expertise is sometimes associated or confused with martial arts or combat sports expertise. This judgment is based on the assumption that most forensic experts in the field of self-defense also have experience or expertise in martial arts and combat sports. Such knowledge is an advantage for the profession of forensic expert in the field of self-defense, similar to knowledge in the field of weapons and ammunition, but it is not the same area as expertise in the field of self-defense or a condition for the exercise of this profession. The new Act No. 254/2019 Coll., on forensic experts, expert offices and expert institutes, faces professional criticism in several areas (expert duties, sanctions, division of specializations, etc.) and is likely to lead to pressure for further amendments. The article deals with these changes and the perspective in the coming years with the expert opinion of current forensic experts on the field of self-defense on the appropriate inclusion of this specialization in the future categorization of specializations

Initial issue of professional defense

Kapitola shrnuje a poskytuje základní pojmy z oblasti profesionální obrany. Definuje místo odborného obrany v CSI a objasňuje vztah mezi profesionální obranou a sebeobranou. Tato kapitola se zabývá bojovým uměním, popisuje současný trend CSI. Pojednává o faktorech odborné obrany a ukazuje úspěšné řešení odborné obrany.The chapter summarizes and provides the basic terminology of professional defense. It defeines the place of professional defense in CSI and clarifies he relationship between professional defense and self-defense. The chapter discusses about a martial arts, fighting sports and fighting systéme. It describes current trend of CSI. It discusses about factors of professional defense and show a successful solutions of professional defense´s situations.

Bodyguard profession in the Czech Republic

Článek pojednává o osobní ochraně v podmínkách České republiky. Zaměřuje se na druhy osobní ochrany, na podmínky práce osobních strážců a na jejich kvalifikaci. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována vybavení osobních strážců a základním způsobům plnění úkolů osobní ochrany. Obsah článku vychází z praktické zkušenosti aktivních osobních strážců a z poznatků dlouholeté praxe autora.The article discusses the personal protection in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the kinds of personal protection, the working conditions of bodyguards and their qualifications. Special attention is paid bodyguards equipment and basic methods of performing the tasks of personal protection. Article content based on practical experience of active Bodyguard knowledge and many years of experience of the author.

Professional defense in commercial security industry

Pátá část odborné obrany shrnuje teoretické znalosti, praktické zkušenosti a výsledky výzkumné činnosti jednotlivých kapitol. Závěry tvoří pátou část ppohledu na společensky a lidsky prospěšnou činnost CSI profesí. Tato část pomáhá motivovat zájemce ve fyzickou oblasti obrany.The fifth part of a professional defense summarizes the theoretical knowledges, practical experiences and results of research activities of individual chapters activities. The conclusions form the fifth section show on the socally and humanly beneficial activities of CSI professions. They clarify understanding of the professional defense´s issue. This section helps to motivate of those interested in the physical defense´s area.

Mathematical method of shooting capability evaluation

This article introduces a brand new method of shooting accuracy assessment; this method may properly supplement the traditional methods. When using the new method the shooting accuracy is assessed as one number; this number contains the information of the capability of a shooter to hit the assigned part of a target from the short-term (immediate) perspective as well as from the long-term perspective. © Tomáš Návrat, Vladimír Fuis, Lubomír Houfek and Miloš Vlk, 2011

Interdisciplinary Issue of Expert Specialization “Self-defense and use of Weapons”

Článek pojednává o problematice interdisciplinární znalecké specializace Sebeobrana a použití zbraně, která je stále více využívána orgány činnými v trestním řízení. Autor demonstruje základní problematiku mezioborových průsečíků specializace a obvyklé formy jejích výsledků, včetně přínosu specializace pro vyšetřovatele, obhájce, státního zástupce a soudce. V článku jsou uvedeny rozšířené mýty spojené s terminologií sebeobrany, profesní obrany a exaktního přístupu. Autor prezentuje racionální základy specializace a příčiny rozdílného přístupu orgánů činných v trestním řízení k ní. Článek byl prezentován na konferenci ExFos 2018.The article deals with the issue of the interdisciplinary expertise of self-defense and the use of weapons, which is increasingly used by law enforcement authorities. The author demonstrates the basic issues of interdisciplinary intersections of specialization and the usual forms of its results, including the contribution of specialization for investigators, lawyers, prosecutors and judges. The article lists extended myths associated with the terminology of self-defense, professional defense, and exact access. The author presents the rationale of the specialization and the causes of the different approaches of the law enforcement bodies. The issue was presented at the ExFoS 2018 conference

Alternative ballistic improvement of the car interior

Ballistically resistant vehicles are currently frequently used. The progress is moving on and new ballistically resistant vehicles are connected with it. However, such vehicles are a very expensive matter. Only very rich people can afford them. They are financed by the state for the use of government and army. This alternative is available to everyone else such as lifeguards and couriers. The alternative ballistic improvement puts an emphasis on the simplicity of performance and especially on the financial costs connected with this improvement. This part of the article is going to deal only with the ballistic improvement of the vehicle and it will be followed by other complements dealing with remaining parts of the ballistic improvement of the vehicle. © 2017 IEEE

Weapons in the professional defense

Kapitola je zaměřena na zbraně v profesní obraně. Rozebírá zákonné podmínky pro držení a nošení palných zbraní, okolnosti získání zbrojního průkazu, mýty a fakta o zbraních a bezpečnou manipulaci. Součástí je i základ výcviku se zbraněmi.The chapter is focused on weapons in the professional defense. There are analyzed the legal requirements for the possession and carrying of firearms, circumstances obtaining firearms license, myths and facts about guns and safe handling. It also includes a training base with guns.P(ED2.1.00/03.0089