Alternatives to Pretrial Detention:Pre Global Best Practice Catalog

This Global Best Practice Catalog of Alternatives to Pretrial Detention was completed by students of the Master of Arts Degree Program in International Crime and Justice at John Jay College of Criminal Justice as part of their capstone course, in collaboration with the US State Department\u27s Diplomacy Lab program. This catalog is intended to cover best practices in reducing pretrial detention (either before it occurs or while it is occurring) across the globe, including laws, policies and programs. It does not include Oceania or very detailed information on North America. Each entry meets 5 of 8 criteria below, as decided by the students: 1. It respects human rights 2. It is affordable for the country\u27s budget 3. It is available to the majority of accused 4. It is definable: we know how the best practice works in context 5. It ensures public safety: no further crime or victimization occurs upon release from detention 6. It is verifiable: more than one source attests to it (it is not a recommendation - it really exists) 7. It is sustainable - it really works and it can self-subsist 8. It should not result in profits for private entities, beyond reasonable salaries Each entry includes: Title of the Practice Listing of the class best practice criteria that it meets (5 out of 8) Paragraph description of the practice, to include -how long it’s been in practice -what the main components of the best practice are -scope: local or national -who it affects -costs if available (how it’s funded) -who’s in charge of it (e.g. NGO/organizational structure) -any independent evaluations? -results -whether it has been exported elsewhere (used in another country) Links Bibliography Associated files are a series of case studies where student teams apply global best practice to selected countries. (El Salvador, Uruguay, Bangladesh, Ghana, Liberia and Macedonia.

An analysis of costs, benefits and opportunities of patent pools

Zasoby patentowe są instytucją o bogatej historii, przeżywającą obecnie, po okresie zapomnienia, swój renesans. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zdiagnozowanie znaczenia, jakie ma obecnie instytucja zasobów patentowych, oraz rozpoznanie szans, które funkcjonowanie rzeczonej instytucji może stwarzać. W tym celu zostanie przeprowadzona analiza zagrożeń oraz korzyści wynikających z funkcjonowania zasobów patentowych, z szerokim uwzględnieniem relacji rzeczonej instytucji do przepisów prawa konkurencji. Przedstawione zostanie również znaczenie zasobów patentowych w biotechnologii, konkretnie w obszarze genetycznych badań diagnostycznych oraz w przemyśle farmaceutycznym.Patent pools are an institution with a rich history, currently experiencing a renaissance after a period of oblivion. The aim of this paper is to present the importance of the patent pool institution and to identify the opportunities that the functioning of the institution may create. To this end, an analysis of the costs and benefits of patent pools will be carried out, with a broad consideration of the institution's relationship to competition law. The importance of patent pools in biotechnology, specifically in the field of diagnostic genetics and in the pharmaceutical industry will also be presented