Women's Participation In Agrarian Reform Community Project In A Filipino Barangay

This study examined women's participation in the Agrarian Reform Community (ARC) project in a Filipino barangay. Specifically, the study identified the different processes involved in establishing the ARC projects and examined the forms and extent of women's participation in each process. It also analyzed the conditions that influenced their participation, and the benefits that they derived from their involvement in these projects. The policy implications of this study were also discussed. This study utilized a qualitative-ethnographic approach. Various methods of data collection were used in the study. These included indepth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), key-informant interviews, and direct observations method. The findings of the study revealed that two processes were involved in setting up the ARC projects. The first process was mobilization covering several phases, namely: social preparation, organizational building, capability building, and enterprise development. The second one was operationalization, comprising the planning, implementation and monitoring stages. Various activities were carried out in the mobilization and operationalization processes of the ARC projects. The results of the study showed that women were involved in many different forms of participation in both processes. However, during the initial phase of mobilization, they played a rather limited role, since they were not involved in decision-making. A higher degree of participation was only noted between the organizational building phase and the capability-building phase during which they began to participate actively in planning and in decision-making. In the operationalization process, the women were given the authority to manage the ARC projects. As a result, they demonstrated a high extent of participation in all the activities, be they at the planning, implementation or monitoring stages. Women's participation in the ARC projects was associated with several conditions. These were conditions that were associated with the women themselves, conditions that were associated with the projects, conditions that were associated with their leaders, and conditions that were associated with networking. Their participation in the ARC projects provided them with both material and nonmaterial benefits. The study concluded that the implementation of the ARC projects not only resulted in the creation of income-generating activities in the barangay, but also it facilitated women's participation in development efforts. Despite their limited resources, they showed greater motivation to take part in the projects. They had demonstrated that through a participatory form of development they could, by acting collectively, achieve self-relianc

Socio-Economic Degeneration of Rural Maguindanaons: Contributions of Colonialism and Political Instability

The long and complex history of interactions between the Muslims and the Spanish and American colonialists in the Philippines have resulted in marked changes in the political, economic and social life of the Maguindanaon Muslims which have persisted to the present time. The situation of the tribe became worsened when they were forcibly incorporated into the Philippine State controlled by politically and socioculturally culminated in the Mindanao civil war in phenomenon of violence has also helped structure of Maguindanaon society

Capital, the State and the Emergence of Class Relations: The Case of a Rural Community in Southern Philippines

The incorporation of Third World countries into the world capitalist system brought about far-reaching repercussions on the social, political and economic structures of less-developed societies. A study of the changes associated with capitalist penetration is therefore necessary to understand the contemporary situation of these societies. The present study was an attempt in this direction to understand the trans formative impact of the phenomenon at the village level. Primarily, it aimed at examining the dominating influence of capitalist penetration in the form of plantation agriculture on the nature and dynamics of class formation in the study area. Specifically,it investigated the following:(i) class structure and class relationships of Maguindanaons during the pre-plantation period; (ii) the process of penetration of plantations in Mindanao - Sulu and in the village in particular; and (iii)the relations of production that emerged as a result of the entry of the plantation

Patterns and Predictors of Parent-Child Endorsement Discrepancies among Youth at Chronic-Risk for Depression

Depressive disorders are some of the most common mental health problems among U.S. adolescents, particularly among Latino youth (Merikangas et al., 2010; Twenge & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2002). When parents and their children provide ratings on the presence and severity of the child’s depressive symptoms, their ratings show only low to moderate agreement (Mascendaro et al., 2012). Research has shown that parent–child discrepancies in ratings of youth emotional and behavioral problems are linked to factors such as parental depression and ethnicity. However, discrepancies research has focused primarily on European American families in clinical settings. Subsequently, research has failed to examine discrepancies in populations with the highest levels of unmet need and much less is known about patterns of parent–child endorsement agreement in depressive symptoms among ethnic minority families in community samples. Using a sample of 313 low-income, predominantly Latino students at chronic risk for depression, the present study addressed methodological limitations by utilizing Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to uncover patterns of parent–child endorsement of core diagnostic depressive symptoms. Three classes emerged, including classes characterized by high endorsement and agreement (HH), low endorsement and agreement (LH), and high youth endorsement and low agreement (HCL). Multinomial regression models revealed that prior mental health service use, higher comorbid externalizing problems, and parental Spanish interview language were associated with HCL class membership, in which parents under-reported core depressive symptoms, relative to youth themselves. In contrast, youth age, youth gender, youth ethnicity, parental depression, and parental education were not associated with endorsement agreement classes. Findings provide evidence that cultural and clinical factors impact parental endorsement of youth depression and suggest that psychoeducation aimed at increasing parental awareness of youth depression and minimizing stigma may increase access to mental health services among youth with chronic depression

THE CONCEPT OF GOOD AND EVIL IN REVEALED AND NON-REVEALED RELIGIONS

In any religion or philosophy, good and evil keep central position.  Human wants good and dislikes the evil by nature.  In all religions of world everything which cause heart rending for human, it is evil and every work for world on which basis we get happiness, bliss and spiritual comfort that is “Good”. Islam advocates the comforts, ease and peace for humanity as a whole rather than only individual. It has always kept wisdom dependent upon revelation because all the times wisdom may not access to the reality. Islam has not changed its viewpoint with passage of time like other religions and followers of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Zoroastrianism respectively. Islam is the complete religion; Allah almighty has taken the responsibility of its protection therefore, it has been neither changed, amended nor it will be. The Muslim always only follows obligations those Allah has ordered them to obey

The impacts of socio-economic activities towards improving the quality of life among rural women

Malaysian government has implemented various economic and social programmes in rural Malaysia to promote development and to alleviate poverty.Studies prove that the impacts of development and poverty alleviation programmes can improve significantly among women if programmes are designed for both gender due to the different nature in roles and responsibilities between rural man and woman.This study is to determine the impacts of development programmes towards the quality of life of rural women and their households.Both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (in-depth interviews and focus group interviews) data collection methods are used for this research.Almost all respondents in this study agree that the economic programmes have contributed to increase respondents’ income and provide financial support to increase their business capital.The respondents also agree that the programmes have improved their quality of life and most importantly the study discovers that the respondents’ personal qualities have improved such as their skills and knowledge, their confident level and attitude

Developing Muslim Communities in The Philippines Through Transformational Leadership: An Islamic Perspective

This research concludes that development of Muslim communities in the Philippinesprimarily relies on local initiatives and people’s assertive character to institute behavioralreform. It entails a transformation process involving all sectors of the society in such a waythat true and committed Muslim leaders will emerge to provide direction and at the same timeorchestrate the development of the communities.It is therefore argued that transformationalleadership is the most appropriate model that could improve the living conditions of Muslimsin the Philippines Firstly, this study provides the empirical evidence that leaders and followersbelieve that it is through Islamic leadership that their communities can be developed. Secondly, thehistory of the leadership of Prophet Mohammad and his four caliphs proved that Islamic leadership isindeed transformational leadership one, hence, they deserve to be emulated by Muslims

Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Review of Current Diagnosis and Treatment

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by periportal inflammation, elevated immunoglobulins, autoantibodies, and a dramatic response to immunosuppression. An environmental agent is hypothesized to trigger an immune-mediated attack directed against liver antigens in genetically predisposed individuals. A plethora of clinical presentations can be seen ranging from chronic indolent disease to fulminant hepatic failure, and diagnosis requires exclusion of other causes of liver disease. Corticosteroid therapy must be instituted early and modified in an individualized fashion. Treatment decisions are often complicated by the diverse clinical manifestations, uncertainty about natural history, evolving ideas about treatment end points, and a multitude of alternative immunosuppressive agents. Achieving normal liver tests and tissue is the ideal treatment end point, but needs to be weighed against the risk of side effects. Decompensated patients may benefit from early liver transplantation. Long-term prognosis is excellent with early and aggressive initiation of therapy. Our paper discusses AIH, giving a detailed overview of its clinical presentation, risk factors, immunopathogenesis, up-to-date diagnostic criteria, current updates in therapy with a brief discussion of AIH in pregnancy, and long-term implications for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in AIH patients