История кафедры ветеринарной патологии

In the article the story of creation and activity of the chair of veterinary pathology is given. The article provides information about the structure of the chair and disciplines taught in it, about the teachers of the chair. Are described the major achievements of the chair staff in the field of science and communications of the chair with production and research institutions.В статье представлена история создания и деятельность кафедры ветеринарной патологии РУДН. Приводятся сведения о структуре кафедры и дисциплинах, преподаваемых на кафедре, представлены преподаватели кафедры. Освещены основные достижения сотрудников кафедры в научной сфере и связи кафедры с производственными и научно-исследовательскими учреждениями

Active Brownian Particles. From Individual to Collective Stochastic Dynamics

We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective dynamics and pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models of active dynamics with a particular emphasis on nonlinear and stochastic dynamics of such self-propelled entities in the framework of statistical mechanics. Examples of such active units in complex physico-chemical and biological systems are chemically powered nano-rods, localized patterns in reaction-diffusion system, motile cells or macroscopic animals. Based on the description of individual motion of point-like active particles by stochastic differential equations, we discuss different velocity-dependent friction functions, the impact of various types of fluctuations and calculate characteristic observables such as stationary velocity distributions or diffusion coefficients. Finally, we consider not only the free and confined individual active dynamics but also different types of interaction between active particles. The resulting collective dynamical behavior of large assemblies and aggregates of active units is discussed and an overview over some recent results on spatiotemporal pattern formation in such systems is given.Comment: 161 pages, Review, Eur Phys J Special-Topics, accepte

Different pathways in the larval development of the crab Ucides cordatus (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) and their relation with high mortality rates by the end of massive larvicultures

One of the most limiting factors affecting the larval rearing of Ucides cordatus in the laboratory is a period of high mortality, which usually occurs late in the course of the larviculture during the metamorphosis from the zoeal to the megalopal phase. The objective of the present research was to analyze the post-embryonic development of U. cordatus on an individual basis and, in particular, to search for patterns linking disturbances in the molting process to the high larval death rates observed in massive larvicultures. A total of 50 larvae were individually reared from hatching to metamorphosis into the megalopal phase under controlled conditions, fed a combination of microalgae and rotifers. The survivorship rate was 70% until zoea V. The 35 surviving zoea V larvae followed two different pathways. Eleven underwent metamorphosis directly to megalopa, eighteen molted to zoea VI and six died as zoea V. In the last molting event, only two zoea VI larvae reached the megalopal stage, while the remaining sixteen died. In further observation under microscope, 13 of the dead zoea VI showed characteristics of the pre-molt stage and pereiopods disproportionably large in relation to the carapace. The observed pattern resembles the Molt Death Syndrome (MDS) described for other decapod species, in which larvae die in the late pre-molt phase of the molting cycle. We suggest that U. cordatus larvae develop disturbances in the molting process similar to the MDS described for other species and that these disturbances are related to a more complex pathway involving the emergence of larval stage zoea VI

Фенотипический полиморфизм клеток Купфера печени крыс в норме

The aim of study was to evaluate the immunophenotype of resident macrophages of the liver, Kupffer cells, in rats in the norm. Material and methods. The study included male Wistar rats’ samples (n=6) that presented fragments of the middle lobe of the liver taken under ether anesthesia. The obtained samples were fixed in liquid nitrogen, after that cryosections 5-7 μm thick were prepared. Histological slides were used to detect the expression of a number of macrophage markers with an antibody kit: CD68, CD206, CD 163, CD86. After the first antibodies, sections were stained with antibodies conjugated to FITC, cell nuclei were detected using DAPI, the obtained preparations were studied using a fluorescence microscope. Results. When analyzing the expression of CD68 in the rat liver, it was found that normally about 20% of the cells in the field of vision appeared to be CD68+ cells, which was consistent with the earlier study results of the authors. The number of CD163+ and CD206+ cells coincided with the number of CD68+ macrophages, while CD86+ macrophages were significantly less. Conclusions. Under normal conditions, the population of resident macrophages of the rat liver is represented by cells with pronounced expression of CD68, CD163 and CD206. A large number of CD163+ and CD206+ macrophages allows concluding that Kupffer cells are close to the M2 pro-regenerative phenotype. However, the detection of CD86+ resident macrophages indicates the presence of M1 macrophages, or the presence of normal macrophages with an intermediate M1 and M2 phenotype, in the rat liver. The revealed high content of macrophages expressing CD163 and CD206 in the liver evidences not only pro-regenerative properties of Kupffer cells, but also the close connection of macrophages with liver functions, since these receptors are involved in the utilization of hemoglobin and a number of hormones.Цель исследования - оценить иммунофенотип резидентных макрофагов печени, клеток Купфера, у крыс в норме. Материал и методы. В работе использовали самцов крыс Вистар (n=6), у которых под эфирным наркозом забирали фрагмент срединной доли печени. Полученный материал фиксировали в жидком азоте, после чего готовили криосрезы толщиной 5-7 мкм. На гистологических препаратах с помощью набора антителами выявляли экспрессию ряда маркеров макрофагов: CD68, CD206, CD 163, CD86 после первых антител срезы докрашивали антителами, конъюгированными с FITC, ядра клеток выявляли с помощью DAPI, полученные препараты изучали с помощью флуоресцентного микроскопа. Результаты. При анализе экспрессии CD68 в печени крыс, установлено, что в норме примерно 20% клеток в поле зрения приходится на CD68+ клетки, что согласуется с нашими более ранними исследованиями. Количество CD163+ и CD206+ клеток совпадало с количеством CD68+ макрофагов, в то время как CD86+ макрофагов было значительно меньше. Выводы. В нормальных условиях популяция резидентных макрофагов печени крыс представлена клетками с выраженной экспрессией CD68, CD163 и CD206. Большое количество CD163+ и CD206+ макрофагов позволяет заключить, что клетки Купфера близки к М2-прорегенераторным фенотипу. Однако выявление CD86+ резидентных макрофагов свидетельствует о наличии М1-макрофагов, или о присутствии в печени крыс в норме макрофагов с промежуточным между М1- и М2-фенотипом. Выявленное высокое содержание в печени макрофагов, экспрессирующих CD163 и CD206, свидетельствует не только о прорегенераторных свойствах клеток Купфера, но также о тесной связи макрофагов с функциями печени, поскольку указанные рецепторы участвует в утилизации гемоглобина и ряда гормонов