PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN DIDAKTIS TOPIK SUDUT DAN PASANGAN SUDUT PADA GARIS-GARIS SEJAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMP

Rendahnya kemampuan level berpikir geometri siswa pada jenjang Sekolah Menengah Pertama masih menjadi salah satu masalah dalam pembelajaran matematika. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah desain pembelajaran yang diterapkan guru kurang memperhatikan level berpikir geometri siswa. Salah satu topik dalam geometri yang cukup mendasar adalah topik sudut dan pasangan sudut pada garis-garis sejajar. Namun fakta di lapangan masih ditemukan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dialami siswa pada topik tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah desain didaktis topik sudut dan pasangan sudut pada garis-garis sejajar di Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang memperhatikan level berpikir geometri siswa. Desain didaktis yang dikembangkan diharapkan dapat mengembangkan kemampuan level berpikir geometri siswa. Kerangka berpikir penelitian ini menggunakan Didactical Design Research (DDR) dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes dan dokumentasi. Implementasi desain didaktis dilakukan pada siswa kelas VII di salah satu SMP Swasta di Kabupaten Cianjur selama 5 pertemuan. Hasil analisis implementasi menunjukan bahwa desain ini dapat mengembangkan kemampuan level berpikir geometri siswa sampai pada level pengurutan (level 2) awal. Desain didaktis ini pun dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif bahan ajar pada pembelajaran topik sudut dan pasangan sudut pada garis-garis sejajar.;---The low level of geometry thought of students at the Junior High School level was still one of the problems in learning mathematics. One of the contributing factors was that the instructional design applied by the teacher was less attention to the geometric thought of the students. One of the basic topics in geometry is angle and pairs of angles on parallel lines. But the facts in the field still found the problems experienced by students on the topic. Therefore, this study aims to develop a didactic design of angle and pairs of angles on parallel lines in Junior High Schools that pay attention for students' geometric thought. The developed didactic design was to develop the students' geometric thought ability. This research framework used was Didactical Design Research (DDR) and data collection techniques was test and documentation. The implementation of didactic design was done on the grade 7 students in one of the Junior High Schools in Cianjur for 5 meetings. The results of the implementation analysis show that this design can develop the students' geometric thought level up to the level of ordering (level 2). This didactic design can also be used as an alternative teaching material on learning angle topics and pairs of angle on parallel lines

Participatory policy making by dairy producers to reduce anti-microbial use on farms

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Blackwell Publishing via the DOI in this record.Pressures for more responsible use of anti‐microbial (AM) medicines in food animals are likely to increase from policymakers and the food industry, including retailers. To address this challenge, participatory approaches to welfare interventions and disease prevention may also be necessary alongside more conventional regulatory measures. This article describes the process of enabling groups of dairy producers to use a participatory policy making approach to develop an AM stewardship policy. The policy includes measures agreed to by all producers for more responsible use of AMs, whilst maintaining or improving dairy herd health and welfare. This process provided a unique opportunity for collaboration and dialogue between producers, veterinarians, industry and researchers. Its participatory nature encouraged comprehensive learning for all involved. This integration of science with producers’ knowledge and experience led to credible and practical recommendations designed to deliver real and lasting change in AM use. The multidisciplinary nature of this research marks a significant contribution to embedding social science skills and approaches into the veterinary sphere. As an initial step in creating better understanding of how participatory approaches with farmers can be applied in a UK context and more widely, this work serves as a pilot for promoting more responsible use of veterinary medicines in other livestock species

A two-year participatory intervention project with owners to reduce lameness and limb abnormalities in working horses in Jaipur, India

Participatory methods are increasingly used in international human development, but scientific evaluation of their efficacy versus a control group is rare. Working horses support families in impoverished communities. Lameness and limb abnormalities are highly prevalent in these animals and a cause for welfare concern. We aimed to stimulate and evaluate improvements in lameness and limb abnormalities in horses whose owners took part in a 2-year participatory intervention project to reduce lameness (PI) versus a control group (C) in Jaipur, India.In total, 439 owners of 862 horses participated in the study. PI group owners from 21 communities were encouraged to meet regularly to discuss management and work practices influencing lameness and poor welfare and to track their own progress in improving these. Lameness examinations (41 parameters) were conducted at the start of the study (Baseline), and after 1 year and 2 years. Results were compared with control horses from a further 21 communities outside the intervention. Of the 149 horses assessed on all three occasions, PI horses showed significantly (P<0.05) greater improvement than C horses in 20 parameters, most notably overall lameness score, measures of sole pain and range of movement on limb flexion. Control horses showed slight but significantly greater improvements in four parameters, including frog quality in fore and hindlimbs.This participatory intervention succeeded in improving lameness and some limb abnormalities in working horses, by encouraging changes in management and work practices which were feasible within owners’ socioeconomic and environmental constraints. Demonstration of the potentially sustainable improvements achieved here should encourage further development of participatory intervention approaches to benefit humans and animals in other contexts

On-farm broiler welfare assessment and associated training

Around the world, people who care for animals as stock keepers, stockmen, farmers, producers are placed in a position where they can greatly influence the quality of life of the animals they manage. This is particularly true in broiler chickens, where large numbers of animals can be cared for by comparatively small numbers of people. There is an international progression to start to assess poultry welfare on farm by looking at the animals themselves using (Animal Based Measures ABMs) rather than by looking exclusively at the resources provided (space, light heat, litter material - Resource Based Measures RBM's). In general, the areas being assessed are: Are the animals properly fed and supplied with water? Are the animals properly housed? Are the animals healthy? Can the animals express a range of behaviours and emotional states? Different types of organisations are starting to use ABM's - Government inspection bodies - for example state veterinary staff, Research institutes - wishing to use standardized assessment methods for research, Animal Welfare NGO's, Farm assurance companies and Legislators. The WelfareQualityNetwork® (WQN) http://www.welfarequality.net/everyone has described ABM's which address twelve health and welfare criteria and has tested them on a large number of farms across Europe. Some examples from this assessment scheme are described

Evaluating the need for an animal welfare assurance programme in South Tyrolean dairy farming

Animal welfare assurance is of great importance as dairy farming is recently under increasing pressure to meet societal and commercial expectations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the current welfare situation of dairy cattle housed in tie-stalls and free stalls in South Tyrol (Eastern Italian Alps) in order to evaluate the need for establishment of an animal welfare assurance programme. For reasons of research economy, a protocol was used for data collection that would also be applicable for practical use in an animal welfare assurance scheme. Analyses of resource-based and animal-based indicators recorded in 204 farms in North and South Tyrol (1891 dairy cows) reveal some important animal welfare problems mainly related to the provision of resources and the prevalence of skin alterations especially in tie-stall barns, which are still widely spread in mountain areas. Hence, the implementation of an animal welfare assurance scheme is urgently needed to reflect public concerns through regular and standardised monitoring of welfare indicators and continuous encouragement of improvements in dairy cattle welfare towards predefined targets. Concerning tie-stalls, interventions in stall design as well as the selective use of local breeds best adapted to the mountainous conditions appear to be appropriate measures to optimise dairy cattle health and welfare. These findings substantiate the high value of the data that would be collected as part of the assurance programme to gain insights, which could be used in preventive and corrective health plans to improve welfare-friendliness in dairy farming of South Tyrol