Prediction Models for Flight Activity of the Cranberry Girdler (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Wisconsin

Cranberry girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria, was monitored with pheromone traps in Wisconsin cranberry farms. Cumulative 50% capture was related to degree-days after first catch using air or soil temperature. An air temperature of O°C and soil temperature of 2°C were chosen as base temperatures for calculation of degree-days because they yielded estimates with the lowest coefficients of variation. Weibull functions were fitted to the relation- ship between cumulative percent capture and time or degree-days after first trap catch using air or soil temperatures. The models that predicted the date of 50% capture were evaluated with data from two other farms. Degree-days after first catch using soil temperatures predicted 50% catch with less variability than calendar date or degree-days after thaw of ice. but not significantly less variability than days after first catch or degree-days after first catch using air temperatures

Phenology of Oviposition of \u3ci\u3eDasyneura Oxycoccana\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Relation to Cranberry Plant Growth and Flowering

Eggs of cranberry tipworm, Dasyneura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were sampled in a Wisconsin cranberry marsh from 1990 through 1992. Oviposition began in May within one week after the first cranberry shoots elongated more than 5 mm. Oviposition fluctuated in June, then greatly decreased in July, after over 90% of cranberry flowers had opened. Some oviposition continued into August. Tipworm probably has greatly overlapping generations, as no distinct broods could be detected. Consequently, D. oxycoccana may be difficult to manage without control methods effective against multiple life stages

Chemical, Natural, and Cultural Control of \u3ci\u3eHyadaphis Tataricae\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Honeysuckle

Hyadaphis tataricae is an aphid pest of honeysuckle relatively new to the Great Lakes and midwestern regions of North America. Feeding results in severly deformed terminals (witches\u27 brooms). Studies were conducted on natural, chemical, and cultural control. Foliar-applied systemic insecticides provided excellent knock-down and 3-4 weeks of residual control. Although diazinon also provided good knock-down, its residual activity was shorter. Malathion provided suppression but did not protect plants from injury. A tree and shrub soap wash did not provide control. Oxydemeton methyl provided best results of soil-applied systemics. Of 385 aphidophagous predators collected, 85% were syrphid larvae. The remainder were Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae. About 140,000 aphids were examined microscop- ically without visual evidence of insect pathogens and with only one mummified (parasitized) individual. Dormant pruning of previously broomed terminals resulted in increased vegetative growth of the plants and larger early season aphid populations. There was no visible difference in pruned vs. unpruned plants at the end of the growing season

The emotional review–reward effect: how do reviews increase impulsivity?

A growing reliance on customer reviews prompts firms to develop strategies to encourage customers to post online reviews of their products. However, little research investigates the behavioral consequences of writing a review. The act of sharing personal opinions through reviews is a rewarding experience and makes customers feel socially connected. With an application of reverse alliesthesia theory, the current study predicts that such rewarding experiences drive online reviewers to seek other rewards, such as impulsive buying. Three lab-based and two field studies demonstrate such an emotional review–reward effect: sharing emotional inf ormation in the public realm of customer reviews, rather than forming similar opinions privately, drives participants to make more impulsive buying decisions

Cutting through Content Clutter: How Speech and Image Acts Drive Consumer Sharing of Social Media Brand Messages

Consumer-to-consumer brand message sharing is pivotal for effective social media marketing. Even as companies join social media conversations and generate millions of brand messages, it remains unclear what, how, and when brand messages stand out and prompt sharing by consumers. With a conceptual extension of speech act theory, this study offers a granular assessment of brands’ message intentions (i.e., assertive, expressive, or directive) and the effects on consumer sharing. A text mining study of more than two years of Facebook posts and Twitter tweets by well-known consumer brands empirically demonstrates the impacts of distinct message intentions on consumers’ message sharing. Specifically, the use of rhetorical styles (alliteration and repetitions) and cross-message compositions enhance consumer message sharing. As a further extension, an image-based study demonstrates that the presence of visuals, or so-called image acts, increases the ability to account for message sharing. The findings explicate brand message sharing by consumers and thus offer guidance to content managers for developing more effective conversational strategies in social media marketing

Making omnichannel an augmented reality: the current and future state of the art

Purpose—This paper explores the current and future role of Augmented Reality (AR) as an enabler of omnichannel experiences across the customer journey. To advance the conceptual understanding and managerial exploitation of AR, the paper synthesises current research, illustrating how a variety of current applications merge online and offline experiences, and provides a future research agenda to help advance the state of the art in AR. Design/methodology/approach—Drawing on situated cognition theorising as a guiding framework, the paper reviews previously published research and currently deployed applications to provide a roadmap for future research efforts on AR-enabled omnichannel experiences across the customer journey. Findings—AR offers myriad opportunities to provide customers with a seamless omnichannel journey, smoothing current obstacles, through a unique combination of i) embedded, ii) embodied, and iii) extended customer experiences. These three principles constitute the overarching value drivers of AR and offer coherent, theory-driven organising principles for managers and researchers alike. Originality/value—Current research has yet to provide a relevant, conceptually robust understanding of AR-enabled customer experiences. In light of the rapid development and widespread deployment of the technology, this paper provides an urgently needed framework for guiding the development of AR in an omnichannel context

Super-lattice, rhombus, square, and hexagonal standing waves in magnetically driven ferrofluid surface

Standing wave patterns that arise on the surface of ferrofluids by (single frequency) parametric forcing with an ac magnetic field are investigated experimentally. Depending on the frequency and amplitude of the forcing, the system exhibits various patterns including a superlattice and subharmonic rhombuses as well as conventional harmonic hexagons and subharmonic squares. The superlattice arises in a bicritical situation where harmonic and subharmonic modes collide. The rhombic pattern arises due to the non-monotonic dispersion relation of a ferrofluid

Live attenuated influenza viruses produced in a suspension process with avian AGE1.CR.pIX cells

Background: Current influenza vaccines are trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated split or subunit vaccines administered intramuscularly, or live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) adapted to replicate at temperatures below body temperature and administered intranasally. Both vaccines are considered safe and efficient, but due to differences in specific properties may complement each other to ensure reliable vaccine coverage. By now, licensed LAIV are produced in embryonated chicken eggs. In the near future influenza vaccines for human use will also be available from adherent MDCK or Vero cell cultures, but a scalable suspension process may facilitate production and supply with vaccines. Results: We evaluated the production of cold-adapted human influenza virus strains in the duck suspension cell line AGE1.CR.pIX using a chemically-defined medium. One cold-adapted A (H1N1) and one cold-adapted B virus strain was tested, as well as the reference strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). It is shown that a medium exchange is not required for infection and that maximum virus titers are obtained for 1x10-6 trypsin units per cell. 1 L bioreactor cultivations showed that 4x106 cells/mL can be infected without a cell density effect achieving titers of 1x108 virions/mL after 24 h. Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrates that AGE1.CR.pIX cells support replication of LAIV strains in a chemically-defined medium using a simple process without medium exchanges. Moreover, the process is fast with peak titers obtained 24 h post infection and easily scalable to industrial volumes as neither microcarriers nor medium replacements are required. © 2012 Lohr et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. [accessed 2013 November 18th

Watching or being watched - Enhancing productive discussion between the citizen sciences, the social sciences and the humanities

Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development. This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today

Wave Number of Maximal Growth in Viscous Magnetic Fluids of Arbitrary Depth

An analytical method within the frame of linear stability theory is presented for the normal field instability in magnetic fluids. It allows to calculate the maximal growth rate and the corresponding wave number for any combination of thickness and viscosity of the fluid. Applying this method to magnetic fluids of finite depth, these results are quantitatively compared to the wave number of the transient pattern observed experimentally after a jump--like increase of the field. The wave number grows linearly with increasing induction where the theoretical and the experimental data agree well. Thereby a long-standing controversy about the behaviour of the wave number above the critical magnetic field is tackled.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, RevTex; revised version with a new figure and references added. submitted to Phys Rev