How to Read a Book in Five Minutes?

When you are engaged in a research thesis, you will normally have to understand a great deal of published material of various kinds. If you attempt literally to read all of this it will take you ages. Most likely, you simply will not have the time to do so on top of all of your other plans and responsibilities. So, you will have to be much more selective in your reading of most of it. For example, is it possible? Can you read a books, reports and articles quickly and effectively for research purposes? Can you get to the gist of the argument and pull out the material or details you want within minutes

TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN NATIONALISM AND ‘OTHERIZATION’ OF MUSLIMS IN INDIA

India has altered its military stratagem under the Modi government from nuclear deterrence to offensive defence. The constant use of offensive defence in the milieu of deliberate political aggression against Pakistan and victimization of the Muslim community in India is making Indian military doctrine a hostage of hyper-nationalistic politics of Hindutva. Since its rise to power, the BJP government has conflated anti-Muslim and anti-Pakistan approaches. Pakistan remains a crucial factor in its domestic, diplomatic, and foreign policy rhetoric. The internal discord and surge of violence against the Muslim population, as evident by 2020-riots in north-eastern New Delhi, are indicative of vigorous reforming of the national identity of India dominated by Hindutva ideology. Therefore, this paper addresses Hindu nationalism, which arose as a political ideology and caused an insecure environment for Indian Muslims while becoming precarious for Pakistan. It infers that Hindu nationalism, along with its assimilation approach towards minorities, is gradually asserting exclusionary conception of a state where cultural and political centrality of Hindutva has become a core theme.   Bibliography Entry Shahzad, Aisha, Sadia Mahmood Falki, and Asma Sana Bilal. 2021. "Transformation of Indian Nationalism and ‘Otherization’ of Muslims in India." Margalla Papers 25 (1): 48-58

MOTIVATION ENHANCING HRM PRACTICES’ AND EMPLOYEE DEMOGRAPHICS ON AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT AMONG EMPLOYEES IN TEXTILE MANUFACTURING IN PAKISTAN

The current study is an attempt to probe the relationship of a setof motivation enhancing HRM practices & employee demographics with affective commitment among employees working in textile manufacturing organizations. A well-structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data from 232 employees working on managerial positions. The Pearson coefficient of correlation and ANNOVA analyses revealed that system consisting of motivation enhancing HRM practices and demographic variable “age” were stronger predictors of employee affective commitment, the education level exhibited association at 0.08 significance level, the employee demographics: gender and job period posed no significant association with employee affective commitment. The findings are in relevance with past researches, practical implications and need for futureresearch are also discussed

Development Of Rice Starch Microneedles For Drug Delivery To The Skin

Microneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive biomedical devices that help drugs to bypass the skin barrier, resulting in systemic and localised pharmacological effects. Dissolving MNs are associated with high patient compliance and lower cross-contamination risk as compared to other MN types. Rice starch (RSC) has a high potential to be used in the development of dissolving MNs owing to its good film-forming properties, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and low cost. However, formulation of dissolving MNs using RSC is challenging due to the inherent brittleness of RSC. This thesis aims to explore RSC as a biopolymer for the fabrication of dissolving MN for drug delivery to the skin. Formulation of dissolving MNs with neat RSC was impossible due to the poor mechanical properties of RSC. Therefore, polymer blends of RSC with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were initially used to develop films as a preliminary investigation before MN development. The addition of PVA or PVP enhanced the mechanical strength and dissolution of RSC-based films. Meanwhile, characterisation of different RSC blends demonstrated that MNs formulated with RSC blends using 20 %w/w of PVA (PVA20-MN) or 40 %w/w of PVP (PVP40-MN) showed intact needle formation with sufficient mechanical strength, skin insertion and dissolution within 60 min

Functions of Code-switching in Bilingual Classrooms

The significance of role of code switching and code mixing in classrooms where medium of instruction is second/foreign language is approved reality. Observations of bilingual/multilingual classrooms show that teachers use code switching and code mixing in different situations for different purposes. This study aims at knowing the functions of CS (code switching) and CM (code mixing), use teachers in classrooms and the significance of the functions. The data for this study would be collected from teachers, teaching at intermediate level, of government and private colleges, using survey technique. The data would be analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The finding of this study would develop awareness about the use of CS and CM in bilingual classrooms. This study is significant as it would create flexibility in teaching methodologies of teachers. Keywords: Code, Code switching, code mixing, SL, F

Lexical Richness, a reliable measure of Intermediate L2 Learners’ current status of acquisition of English language

This article aims to explore the utility of the relationship between lexical richness and size as an indicator of acquisition status of English language of L2 learners of intermediate level, having rural background on the basis of their self -written output. 126 students’ essays were used to measure the lexical richness (126 students of Sem-I and 63 students of Sem-II) Lexical Frequency Profile was used to sort it out.  Its values discriminated students of different proficiency level and displayed L2 Learners vocabulary size in use. LFP result’s consistency and legitimacy was obtained by comparing its result with an independent and separate measure of vocabulary size, VLT. The result showed that lexical richness has a direct link with vocabulary size (receptive vocabulary) of L2 learners. It discusses the utility of the inference based on the lexical richness of L2’s written text for monitoring purpose of language acquisition process of L2 learners and to determine appropriate strategies for the desired growth of vocabulary size

Motivating Tacit Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Perceived Value of Knowledge and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Purpose: This study investigates the challenge of retaining and sharing tacit knowledge during employee transitions in organizations, with a specific focus on software developers' motivations. We examine two key motivational beliefs: the perceived value of knowledge and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and their influence on sharing intentions. Additionally, we explore how these beliefs shape attitudes, subsequently affecting intentions regarding tacit knowledge sharing.   Theoretical Framework: Grounded in the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), our research underscores the pivotal role of beliefs in shaping attitudes and intentions related to tacit knowledge sharing. Beliefs, encompassing the Perceived Value of Knowledge and OCB, play a significant role in molding attitudes. Using structural equation modeling, we analyze data collected from 197 software developers, employing confirmatory factor analysis to validate our measurement model and structural model analysis to explore relationships.   Findings: Our findings indicate that software developers are indeed willing to share their tacit knowledge, with their willingness positively influenced by the perceived value of tacit knowledge and engagement in OCB. Attitudes towards sharing tacit knowledge act as mediators in the relationship between these beliefs and sharing intentions.   Implications: In practical terms, organizations can foster tacit knowledge sharing by promoting positive attitudes, recognizing knowledge's perceived value, and cultivating a culture that encourages OCB. This facilitates a conducive environment for sharing, further enhanced by acknowledging and rewarding employees who exhibit OCB. Theoretical implications align with the Theory of Reasoned Action, emphasizing the role of attitude in shaping intentions. Our research contributes uniquely by exploring the underrepresented relationship between perceived knowledge value and tacit knowledge sharing, introducing a novel approach by examining the combined impact of OCB and perceived value. These insights are valuable for organizations looking to cultivate a culture of tacit knowledge sharing, driving innovation and enhancing performance

9/11 as a Symbol of Terror: Responses and Actions

The phrase of "the Global War on Terror" was adopted by the media. It was announced that Washington Administration would utilize all its resources to uproot terrorism and will punish all those who are responsible for the 9/11 tragedy. Both Islamic Jihadists and two Bush administrations have deployed spectacles of terror to promote their political agendas; that both deploy Manichean discourses of good and evil which themselves fit into dominant media codes of popular culture; and that both deploy fundamentalist and absolutist discourse

CRT-700.66 Principal Diagnosis and Independent Predictors for 30-Day Readmissions in Primary Cardiac Tumor Patients

Background: Primary cardiac tumors (PCT) are rare with an incidence of 0.3-0.7%. We aimed to study the rate, causes and independent predictors for 30-day readmissions in patients diagnosed with PCT using a national level database. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the National Readmissions Database between 2016-2018. ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients with benign and malignant PCT. Patients \u3c18 years and December admissions were excluded. Primary outcomes were the readmission rate and principal diagnosis for 30-day readmissions in patients hospitalized with primary diagnosis of PCT. Multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: 4451 patients were admitted with the primary diagnosis of PCT, out of which 4348 patients were discharged alive. Among those discharged alive, 13.8% (599 patients) were readmitted within 30 days. The most common principal diagnosis for 30-day readmissions were subsequent admission for benign PCT (17.12%), atrial fibrillation (8.1%), sepsis (5.3%), pneumonia (4.04%), hypertensive heart disease with heart failure (2.6%), supraventricular tachycardia (2.54%), non-inflammatory pericardial effusion (2.31%), and pleural effusion (2.22). For the index admissions, 65.7% were females, and mean age was 60.8 years. The in-hospital mortality rate for index admissions was 2.28% while it was 2.36% for the readmission. For the index admission, mean length of stay was 8 days while mean total charges were $163,636. For all the readmissions combined, the total length of stay was 3598 days and combined total charges were$54.7 million. The independent predictors for readmission were atrial fibrillation (OR 0.71, p=0.02), myocardial infarction (OR 2.89, p=0.006), acute liver failure/hepatic cirrhosis (OR 2.34, p=0.02), and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.75, p=0.002). Conclusion: In patients with a principal diagnosis of PCT, the 30-day readmission rate is 13.8% and the most common principal diagnosis for readmissions are PCT complications, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, pneumonia, sepsis, hypertensive heart disease with heart failure, pericardial effusion, and pleural effusion

Responsiveness of the PROMIS and its Concurrent Validity with Other Region- and Condition-specific PROMs in Patients Undergoing Carpal Tunnel Release

Background The Patient-reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) continues to be an important universal patient-reported outcomes measure (PROM) in orthopaedic surgery. However, there is concern about the performance of the PROMIS as a general health questionnaire in hand surgery compared with the performance of region- and condition-specific PROMs such as the Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), respectively. To ensure that PROMIS domains capture patient-reported outcomes to the same degree as region- and condition-specific PROMs do, comparing PROM performance is necessary. Questions/purposes (1) Which PROMs demonstrate high responsiveness among patients undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR)? (2) Which of the PROMIS domains (Physical Function [PF], Upper Extremity [UE], and Pain Interference [PI]) demonstrate concurrent validity with the HHQ and BCTQ domains? Methods In this prospective study, between November 2014 and October 2016, patients with carpal tunnel syndrome visiting a single surgeon who elected to undergo CTR completed the BCTQ, MHQ, and PROMIS UE, PF, and PI domains at each visit. A total of 101 patients agreed to participate. Of these, 31 patients (31%) did not return for a followup visit at least 6 weeks after CTR and were excluded, leaving a final sample of 70 patients (69%). We compared the PROMIS against region- and condition-specific PROMs in terms of responsiveness and concurrent validity. Responsiveness was determined using Cohen’s d or the effect-size index (ESI). The larger the absolute value of the ESI, the greater the effect size. Using the ESI allows surgeons to better quantify the impact of CTR, with a medium ESI (that is, 0.5) representing a visible clinical change to a careful observer. Concurrent validity was determined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient with correlation strengths categorized as excellent (\u3e 0.7), excellent-good (0.61-0.70), good (0.4-0.6), and poor (\u3c 0.4). Significance was set a priori at p \u3c 0.05. Results Among PROMIS domains, the PI demonstrated the best responsiveness (ESI = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.39-1.08), followed by the UE (ESI = -0.66; 95% CI, -1.00 to -0.31). For the MHQ, the Satisfaction domain had the largest effect size (ESI = -1.48; 95% CI, -1.85 to -1.09), while for the BCTQ, the Symptom Severity domain had the best responsiveness (ESI = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.14-1.91). The PROMIS UE and PI domains demonstrated excellent-good to excellent correlations to the total MHQ and BCTQ–Functional Status scores (preoperative UE to MHQ: ρ = 0.68; PI to MHQ: ρ = 0.74; UE to BCTQ–Functional Status: ρ = 0.74; PI to BCTQ–Functional Status: ρ = 0.67; all p \u3c 0.001), while the PROMIS PF demonstrated poor correlations with the same domains (preoperative PF to MHQ; ρ = 0.33; UE to BCTQ–Functional Status: ρ = 0.39; both p \u3c 0.01). Conclusions The PROMIS UE and PI domains demonstrated slightly worse responsiveness than the MHQ and BCTQ domains that was nonetheless acceptable. The PROMIS PF domain was unresponsive. All three PROMIS domains correlated with the MHQ and BCTQ, but the PROMIS UE and PI domains had notably stronger correlations to the MHQ and BCTQ domains than the PF domain did. We feel that the PROMIS UE and PI can be used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing CTR, while also providing more robust insight into overall health status because they are general PROMs. However, we do not recommend the PROMIS PF for evaluating patients undergoing CTR. Level of Evidence Level II, diagnostic study