Toward a non-anthropocentric view on the environment and animal welfare: Possible psychological interventions

Treves, Santiago-Avila, and Lynn (2019) argue for adopting a non-anthropocentric worldview to prevent further environmental damage and lack of consideration for animals. We discuss psychological interventions that might help achieve this

Why factual appeals about the abilities of sheep may fail

Marino & Merskin (2019) express hope that providing people with positive information about the abilities of sheep (factual appeals) will improve perceptions of them and thus improve their welfare. However, these factual appeals can, and do, fail to change perceptions of animals. This commentary considers why and when factual appeals fail, and with whom they may be effective

Cultivating a non-anthropocentric worldview in aid of the environment and animal welfare: Possible psychological interventions

Treves, Santiago-Avila, and Lynn (2019) argue for adopting a non-anthropocentric worldview to prevent further environmental damage and lack of consideration for animals. We discuss psychological interventions that might help achieve this

When do warmth and competence sell best? The “golden quadrant” shifts as a function of congruity with the product type, targets’ individual differences, and advertising appeal type

Three experiments reported here uniquely test the effectiveness of warm versus competent advertising strategy as a function of congruence with other elements of the advertising context. These are product involvement (Experiment 1, n = 96), consumers’ smartphone anxiety (Experiment 2, n = 60), or self-versus other-profitability (Experiment 3, n = 100). As expected, the “golden quadrant” (optimum warmth and competence for advertising effectiveness) does shift: Competence is more important for high-involving products, but warmth wins for highly anxious participants or when the highly involving service is accompanied by people-focused appeals. An expansion of the stereotype content model is discussed in the context of the congruity principle

Societies in transition: are they more sexist? A comparison between Polish, South African and British samples

This study investigates ambivalent sexism to women in student samples from two under-researched transitional countries, Poland (PL) and South Africa (SA), in comparison with the United Kingdom. Based on ambivalent sexism theory (AST), and in light of socio-economic context, it was hypothesised that: (1) the sample in PL and SA would be more hostile- and benevolent-sexist than the sample from the UK, (2) males would exhibit more hostile attitudes than females irrespective of country and (3) males would outscore females on benevolent attitudes in the relatively liberal UK but underscore them in relatively conservative SA. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory was used to measure benevolent and hostile sexism. The findings largely supported the hypotheses. The participants in SA and PL were more sexist than in the UK and men were more hostile-sexist than women in all three countries. However, males outscored females on benevolent sexism not only in the UK but also in SA and PL. Moreover, the sample from PL was observed to be more sexist than the sample from SA. The findings are discussed in light of AST and the countries' transitional context

Why factual appeals about the abilities of sheep may fail

Marino & Merskin (2019) express hope that providing people with positive information about the abilities of sheep (factual appeals) will improve perceptions of them and thus improve their welfare. However, these factual appeals can, and do, fail to change perceptions of animals. This commentary considers why and when factual appeals fail, and with whom they may be effective

Obowiązek zbadania przez sąd z urzędu nieuczciwego charakteru warunków umownych w przypadku braku stawiennictwa konsumenta w sprawach nieuczciwych praktyk rynkowych na rynku finansowym Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości z dnia 4 czerwca 2020 r. w sprawie C-495/19 Kancelaria Medius SA przeciwko RN

Celem artykułu jest omówienie i analiza wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości z dnia 4 czerwca 2020 r. w sprawie C-495/19 Kancelaria Medius SA przeciwko RN z punktu widzenia jego znaczenia dla rozpoznawania spraw z zakresu nieuczciwych praktyk rynkowych na rynku finansowym, których jedna ze stron jest konsumentem. Na gruncie przedmiotowego wyroku zostanie przedstawiony w szczególności obowiązek zbadania przez sąd z urzędu oceny nieuczciwego charakteru warunków umowy. Artykuł obejmuje analizę i komentarz podjętego przez TS rozstrzygnięcia. Ponadto zostanie zaprezentowany wpływ wyroku na późniejszą praktykę sądownictwa powszechnego

Implicit and explicit gender attitudes as predictors of the effectiveness of non-traditionally gendered advertisements

Explicit measures of gender attitudes are vulnerable to egalitarian norms and thus may not predict the effectiveness of gendered advertising consistently. We report three quantitative studies which manipulate egalitarian norms (Study 1) and employ hierarchical regression analyses to test the predictive power of explicit and implicit gender attitudes in explaining the effectiveness of gendered advertisements. Study 1 (n=47) showed uniquely that only under conditions where egalitarian norms were inactive did the (subtle) explicit Benevolence toward Men attitude predict the effectiveness of non-traditional Househusband advert types (i.e. the higher the benevolence the greater effectiveness of these adverts). Study 2 (n=60) showed that under the same conditions a new paper Implicit Association Test (IAT) predicted their effectiveness better than explicit attitudes (the higher the relative implicit preference for non-traditional vs. traditional male type the greater effectiveness of the Househusband advert). Study 3 (n=72) replicated these findings for non-traditional female advert types (the higher the relative implicit preference for non-traditional vs. traditional female type the greater effectiveness of the Businesswoman advert). Thus paper IATs had greater utility than explicit gender attitude measures in predicting the effectiveness of gendered ads

Farmyard Animal or Best Friend? Exploring Predictors of Dog vs. Pig Pet Speciesism

Despite dogs’ and pigs’ shared similarities, previous research indicates people favor dogs over pigs (known as “pet speciesism”). While pet speciesism has been empirically sup-ported, little is known about its predictors. This gap in the literature is problematic as urgent requirements to decrease meat consumption emphasize the pressing need to develop interventions to reduce pet speciesism and thus reduce meat consumption. However, to develop these interventions, we must first identify why people view pigs (vs. dogs) negatively. To begin addressing this gap, the current study utilized the stereotype content model to uniquely explore pet speciesism’s predictors. We recruited participants via social media, posters, flyers, and the university’s Sona system, resulting in a total of 232 participants (all 18+; Mage = 28.57, SDage = 10.74; 61.2% meat consumers; 78.4% female; 45.3% British). Behavioral and subjective self- relevance, familiarity, similarity and pet status of an animal, alongside overall empathy toward animals, differentially predicted dogs’ and pigs’ perceived warmth and competence and may usefully explain pet speciesism. These predictors should be investigated causally in experiments. Both the current study and later experiments could explain why people exhibit prejudice in favor of dogs and against pigs, with unique theoretical implications for pet speciesism literature and practical implications for meat consumption, policies, and public perceptions of pigs