Költséghatékony gépesítési megoldások kis- és közepes üzemi méretű növénytermelő gazdaságokban = Cost-effective Mechanisation in Small- and Medium Sized Plant Grower Farms

A kutatómunka során több növénytermelési ágazatot átfogóan az alacsonyabb költségszintűtől a magasabb műszaki színvonalú gépek alkalmazásának figyelembe vételével a géppark összetételét, a gépigényt, valamint azok kapacitáskihasználásának mértékét, a beruházási és használati költségeket tekintve széles üzemi méret tartományt átfogó gépesítési modell került kidolgozásra. A vizsgálatok bebizonyították, hogy minden egyes munkaműveletet azzal a lehető legnagyobb mértékben kihasznált gépkapcsolattal kell elvégezni, amelynek elegendő a kapacitása az adott üzemi méretnél felmerülő feladat időben és minőségben történő elvégzéséhez. Ezáltal a munkavégzés a legkisebb műveleti költséggel történhet meg. A vizsgált növénytermelési ágazatokon keresztül szemléltetésre került, hogy amíg a legkevesebb gépimunka-igénnyel fellépő gabona- és olajos-növény termelésnél kisüzemekben az alacsony gépkihasználás miatt már 18 ha alatt gazdaságtalan a saját tulajdonú gép beruházása, addig a területegységre vetítve fajlagosan több munkaigénnyel jelentkező szabad földi zöldségtermelés és ültetvényművelés esetében a gépek jobb kihasználása már 6-10 hektáros üzemi mérettől elfogadható gépiköltség-szintet produkál, így a gazdaságtalan géphasználat üzemiméret-határa alacsonyabb. Üzemi felmérések tapasztalatai alapján megállapítható, hogy a kis- és közepes üzemi méretű gazdaságokban új beruházásként fellelhető gépek igazodnak az üzemi méret függvényében modellezett költséghatékony géprendszerhez. | In the study we have tried to offer a general guideline considering a general crop plan and production technology characteristic of several branches with an overview of the composition of machine stock from the use of the lowest cost level to the highest technical level machinery, the machine demand and the utilization level of those together with investment and utilization costs. The results prove that every individual work operation should be performed by the machine connection that can be utilised to the maximum extent, which has sufficient capacity to carry out the given work task of the given plant size at the appropriate time and in adequate quality. By achieving this, the work can be performed at the lowest operational cost. The investment of an own machine is not economical by small-scale production including the least machine labour per hectare demanding grains and oilseeds due to the low level of machine utilization already under 18 ha, the farm size limit of non-economical machine utilization is lower in case of field vegetable growing and plantation cultivation where the specific labour demand per unit of area is higher and the level of machine costs is already from 6-10 ha farm size on acceptable due to the better machine utilization. On the basis of the experiences of farm surveys it can be stated that the machines appearing in small and medium size farms as new investments are adapted to the cost efficient machine system modelled subject to farm size

Technical and Technological Parameters of ISOBUS System Supported Machinery Management

ISO organization in early 90s defined an industry standard for the communication protocol among electronic devices of different manufacturers of agricultural machines. After that, all of the market actors recognised that this technology would be very important for agricultural electronics. The appearance of ISOBUS products in the market was in the mid-2000s. ISOBUS description could be found in ISO-11783. It is a very complex and large electronics protocol standard based on CAN and SAE-J1939 standards, extended for the Agricultural Industry. The standard consists of 14 different parts and more than thousands of specification pages. Through the standards and the related technical background, the production processes and the operations could be followed and monitored by the extensive Data Management. Farmers' and users legitimate needs and developing goal is to elaborate a decision support systems that follow-up the utilisation of the machines and ensure the quality of operations. For this purpose, it is essential to determine which technical, economical, technological parameters, detection, measurement, transmission, processing, and evaluation becomes necessary. In our work, we reviewed which mechanical characteristics, settings are monitored within the ISOBUS system by the major machine manufacturers. We developed the system of parameters and derived features that provide effective farm-, and land-management in case of attached equipment for spreading of input materials and tillage implements

Smart Attached Working Equipment in Precision Agriculture

Nowadays the increasing of the efficiency of agricultural production and the increasing of crop yields cannot be achieved without modern digital technology and smart machines that are a part of it. With the spread of precision agriculture and the digitalisation next to the power machines the attached equipment is becoming smarter and smarter. Through permanent technological and IT development, it became possible to thoroughly monitor and analyse operating functions and parameters not only for the most important power machines such as tractors, combines and other, but also there are existing solutions for measurement and related to that a collection and an analyse of data - of specific utilisation parameters for other attached equipment. All of these processed data are essential for making well-considered actions related to the production technology and the machine operating. They help us to gain information about the quality of machine operations of the technology, the environmental factors, or even about the state of attached working equipment and machines. In this work, the vibration control system as smart solutions on the fail movers will be presented which are effective tools for the utilization of machines, for the precision machine work as well as for prolonging the machine life cycle

Research On Agricultural E-Government: Demands Possibilities and Players In Hungary

The Hungarian Government started a project for supporting research groups on e-government research. There are research groups from the University of Debrecen, the Szent István University and the Technical University of Budapest. We have made a joint proposal for researching agricultural e- government. The contract is signed and the research work has already started. Within this project we study the e emphasizing economical, professional and social aspects. The targets of the research are governmental, administrative tasks and demands, expectations and IT skill of citizens. -agricultural government systems, services, strategic demands and possibilities

Potencijal čvrste biomase iz poljoprivrede u Mađarskoj i Srbiji

The research aimed to measure the quantity of agricultural biomass suitable for energy purposes at regional level (mostly in Serbia and Hungary). Furthermore, our common research also aimed to determine the potential of biomass for energy purposes with regards to the grown plants. We also aimed to name the possibilities and ways of utilization of the solid biomasses of various origins. Experiments of this kind have already commenced in Hungary and Serbia, in the Gödöllő-based Hungarian Institute of Agricultural Engineering and the Institute of Agricultural Engineering of the Faculty of Agriculture in Beograd. The potentials of different types of solid biomass from agriculture are presented in the paper. The survey has included the comparative presentation of solid biomass potentials in Hungary and Serbia.U ovom istraživanju vršenaje procena dostupne količine biomase iz poljoprivrede, koja se može iskoristiti za dobijanje energije na regionalnom nivou (Srbija i Mađarska). Uz to, naše zajedničko istraživanje imalo je za cilj i da odredi potencijal biomase za dobijanje energije u odnosu na vrste proizvedene biljne mase. Konačno, pokušali smo i da sagledamo mogućnosti i načine za ujednačavanje čvrste biomase različitog porekla. Slični ogledi su već izvođeni u Mađarskoj i Srbiji, u Mađarskom institutu za poljoprivrednu tehniku u Gödöllő i Institutu za poljoprivrednu tehniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. U radu su predstavljeni potencijali različitih tipova čvrste biomase iz poljoprivrede. Pregled je obuhvatio komparativnu prezentaciju potencijala biomase Mađarske i Srbije

Cost and shift hours demand of transportation tasks in the field root vegetable production technology

We present the up-to-date mechanized production technology of carrot production from ridge preparation till harvesting including transporting as well. By the presentation of experiences together with the performance and economic data of machines necessary for production, we are emphasizing the significant volume of transport tasks in the production technology. The surveys conducted have proved that the machine work costs of carrot production are high. Considering machine costs it is advantageous if, as in the studied cases, harvesting is done by tractor-pulled working machines instead of expensive self-propelling harvesting machines with high operational costs, as the acquisition cost of connected working machines is more favourable and a better utilization and lower specific operational costs of power machines can be achieved by the use of tractors. It can be stated that special attention is to be paid to the following operations: harvesting, transport, cultivation and plant protection works which are the most costly ones and which represent about 95-97 % of the total machine operational costs