Desempenho e características das carcaças de novilhos superprecoces em pastos hibernais submetidos a intensidades de pastejo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de intensidades de pastejo na terminação de novilhos superprecoces, em pastagens de inverno em sucessão à soja. Foram avaliadas diferentes alturas de pré-pastejo de pastos mistos de azevém e aveia: 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram utilizados machos mestiços de raças de corte, inteiros, com idade de 10 meses e peso médio inicial de 192±12 kg. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: massa e oferta de forragem, altura do pasto, taxa de acúmulo diário e acúmulo total de forragem, ganho de peso médio diário (GMD), carga animal e ganho de peso vivo por unidade de área (GPA), além de características qualitativas de carcaça. Os novilhos foram abatidos aos 14 meses de idade. O GMD ajustou-se a um modelo de regressão quadrático e teve o ponto de máximo desempenho entre 20 e 25 cm de altura de pré-pastejo, enquanto o GPA ajustou-se a um modelo linear negativo. A qualidade da carcaça dos novilhos foi satisfatória, quando os pastos foram manejados em alturas superiores a 10 cm. É possível produzir carcaças de novilhos superprecoces, na fase de pastagem de sistemas integrados de produção, durante o inverno, em sucessão à soja. O manejo de pastos mistos de azevém e aveia, em alturas entre 20 e 25 cm, otimiza o desempenho animal individual e por área

Effect of Azospirillum brasilense and chemical fertilization on the growth, development, yield and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) [Efecto de Azospirillum brasilense y fertilización quemica sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo, rendimiento y calidad de fruto de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch)]

The effect of chemical fertilization and Azospirillum brasilense on strawberry growth, development, yield and fruit quality was evaluated. Three treatments were applied: T1: application of A. brasilense at a concentration of log 9 colony forming units (CFU) / plant; T2: A. brasilense at a concentration of log 9 CFU/plant + chemical fertilization; T3: chemical fertilization; and T4: control. The variables evaluated were: number of leaves (Nh), of flowers (Nfl) and fruits (Nfr), leaf area (AF), plant dry weight (PS), root length (LR) plant height (AL), yield per plant (RP) and fruit size (TF). Relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (RAF) and leaf weight ratio (RPF) were calculated from the dry weight. Results show that the concentration of A. brasilense used caused null effects or inhibited growth and yield; manifested in leaf area reduction, leaf thickness and plant fragility increase, from the higher values of AFE; it also led to less production of biomass, producing reduction of the fruit size and weight. The chemical fertilization in general terms had positive effects on the quality and yield of the fruit, resulting the best treatment in Nh, biomass production, Nfl, and AF variables at 35, 100, 145 and 35 dde, respectively. No significant differences were found in AP, LR, NFR, TCR, TAN, RAF and RPF in any stage of growth

Effect of Azospirillum brasilense and chemical fertilization on the growth, development, yield and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) [Efecto de Azospirillum brasilense y fertilización química sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo, rendimiento y calidad de fruto de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch)]

The effect of chemical fertilization and Azospirillum brasilense on strawberry growth, development, yield and fruit quality was evaluated. Three treatments were applied: T1: application of A. brasilense at a concentration of log 9 colony forming units (CFU) / plant; T2: A. brasilense at a concentration of log 9 CFU/plant + chemical fertilization; T3: chemical fertilization; and T4: control. The variables evaluated were: number of leaves (Nh), of flowers (Nfl) and fruits (Nfr), leaf area (AF), plant dry weight (PS), root length (LR) plant height (AL), yield per plant (RP) and fruit size (TF). Relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (RAF) and leaf weight ratio (RPF) were calculated from the dry weight. Results show that the concentration of A. brasilense used caused null effects or inhibited growth and yield; manifested in leaf area reduction, leaf thickness and plant fragility increase, from the higher values of AFE; it also led to less production of biomass, producing reduction of the fruit size and weight. The chemical fertilization in general terms had positive effects on the quality and yield of the fruit, resulting the best treatment in Nh, biomass production, Nfl, and AF variables at 35, 100, 145 and 35 dde, respectively. No significant differences were found in AP, LR, NFR, TCR, TAN, RAF and RPF in any stage of growth