Câncer de mama triplo negativo e sua associação com ancestralidade africana

Triple-negative breast cancer is a recent term and refers to tumors that, when analysed by immunohistoquemistry, don’t express oestrogen’s receptor, progesterone and HER2 (the receptor of the epidermal growth’s factor). The triple negative phenotype possesses pathological and clinical characteristics quite different from the other breast cancer subtypes. These tumors affect more frequently women under their fifties, who possess more aggressive behavior, featuring a poor answer to the existent treatment’s protocols and that are more prevalent among the african descendant’s women (AD). The aim of this study was to make a phenotypic association between African ancestry and triple negative breast cancer. It was analysed seventy (70) charts of the patients referred to the Oncogenetic’s Clinic in the Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital Complex at Bahia Federal University, from which 14.2% presented the TN phenotype. In the triple negative phenotype, the black women demonstrated a higher frequency, 10% , compared with the white racial group. Molecular studies are necessary to explain these racial differences. These associations may contribute to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for african descendant (AD) women with this phenotype.Câncer de mama triplo-negativo (TN) é um termo recente e refere-se a tumores que, quando analisados por imunohistoquímica, não expressam receptores de estrógeno, progesterona e HER2 (receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico). O  fenótipo triplo-negativo possui características patológicas e clínicas bastante diferentes dos demais subtipos de câncer de mama. Estes tumores afetam mais frequentemente mulheres com menos de 50 anos, que possuem comportamento mais agressivo, apresentam resposta pobre aos protocolos de tratamento existentes e são mais prevalentes entre as afrodescendentes (AD). O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma associação fenotípica entre ancestralidade africana e câncer de mama triplo-negativo. Foram analisados 70 prontuários de pacientes encaminhados ao Ambulatório de  Oncogenética do Complexo do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgar Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia, dos  quais 14,2% apresentaram o fenótipo TN. No fenótipo triplo-negativo, as afrodescendentes apresentaram frequência maior, 10%, quando comparadas com mulheres do grupo racial branco. Estudos moleculares são necessários para explicar essas diferenças raciais. Tais associações podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma nova estratégia terapêutica em mulheres AD com esse fenótipo

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Ministério da Saúde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em Genômica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do Câncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and Bárbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ancestralidade em Salvador - BA

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-08-29T21:26:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Taisa Manuela Bonfim Machado. Ancestralidade em Salvador - BA.pdf: 1157160 bytes, checksum: b3800dd208ac4ea86750232d8ab8ef3d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T21:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taisa Manuela Bonfim Machado. Ancestralidade em Salvador - BA.pdf: 1157160 bytes, checksum: b3800dd208ac4ea86750232d8ab8ef3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilOs ameríndios, africanos e europeus foram identificados como principais formadores da população brasileira e conseqüentemente da população de Salvador. A população brasileira considerada a mais heterogênea do mundo é resultado de 500 anos de miscigenação. Contudo a distribuição dos grupos étnicos ancestrais ao longo do território brasileiro não ocorreu de forma homogênea, diferindo significativamente a depender da região geográfica. Além disso, houve um forte direcionamento entre os casamentos, sendo mais freqüentes as uniões entre homens europeus e mulheres ameríndias e africanas. Dados do IBGE 2000 mostram que em Salvador o percentual de afrodescendentes, por autodenominação é de 79,8%. Para estimarmos a contribuição dos grupos ancestrais nesta população foram analisados 1.286 indivíduos, provenientes da população de Salvador, para os alelos específicos de população AT3-I/D, APO, SB19.3, PV92, FYnull, LPL, CKMM, GC e CYP3A4 que apresentam alto diferencial de freqüência entre os grupos ancestrais. Para estimar a origem africana dos indivíduos também foi avaliada a presença de sobrenome de conotação religiosa. Foram identificados 287 sobrenomes nesta população A freqüência de sobrenomes de conotação religiosa foi de 54,9% na população de Salvador e avaliando as regiões presentes no estudo observamos uma relação inversa entre a classe sócio-econômica e a presença deste tipo de sobrenome. Estes dados foram confirmados por uma maior ancestralidade genômica africana (53,1%) entre indivíduos que apresentam sobrenomes de conotação religiosa. A miscigenação da população de Salvador foi confirmada pela diferença das freqüências desta população com as ancestrais. Assim como pela estimativa de mistura populacional, com contribuição africana de 49,2%; 36,3% européia e 14,5% ameríndia e também pelas análises de heterozigose média (0,397) e estrutura populacional. Foi calculada a estatística F (0,005) que demonstrou que as regiões da cidade de Salvador são diferentes, porém em pequenas proporções. Ao compararmos a estimativa da contribuição africana do IBGE, 2000, por autodenominação com os dados de sobrenome e moleculares deste trabalho concluímos que a autodenominação é um critério impreciso na avaliação da contribuição parental dentro desta população. Este tipo de trabalho pode auxiliar estudos de associação entre fatores de saúde com a heterogeneidade ancestral para melhoria e/ou implantação de programas de saúde pública que considerem a composição parental desta população.Native American, Africans and Europeans are the major founder populations of Brazil and of Salvador city. Brazilian population is considered as the most heterogeneous in the world, resulting from 5 centuries of miscegenation. However, ethnic ancestral groups were not distributed equally in the different Brazilian regions. In addition, a strong bias occurred originated by more frequent unions among European men and Amerindians and Africans women. Results from IBGE 2000 show that in Salvador the percent of selfclassification afrodescending, is 79.8 %. To estimate the contribution of ancestral groups in these populations we analyzed some population specific alleles: AT3-I/D, APO, SB19.3, PV92, FYnull, LPL, CKMM, GC and CYP3A4 from 1,286 subjects of Salvador that presents large frequency differential among ancestry groups. To estimate the African origin of the subjects we also analyzed the religious connotation surnames. We identified 287 surnames in these populations. In Salvador population, the frequency of religious connotation surnames was 54. 9% and we observed an inverse relation between socioeconomic status and the presence of this type of surname. These data were confirmed for a major African genomic ancestry (53. 1%) between individuals that present religious connotation surname. The miscegenation of Salvador was confirmed by the frequencies differences in this population with the ancestry, such as the population admixture esteemed, with African contribution of 49.2%; 36.3% European and 14.5% Amerindian and also by heterozygosis mediam analyses (0,397) and populational structure. F statistic (0,005) was calculated and showed differences between regions in the city, but in little proportions, confirming the admixture estimated in these regions. When we compared IBGE- 2000 African contribution esteemed, by autodenomination, with the surnames and molecular data of this work we concluded that autodenomination is an inaccurate criterion to evaluate the parental contribution into this population. This kind of work can support association studies among health factors with ancestry heterogeneity to improve and/or to implement public health programs that consider the parental composition of this population

Migração, estrutura populacional, tipos de casamentos e doenças genéticas em Monte Santo-Ba

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-08-29T21:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Taisa Manuela Bonfim Machado. Migração estrutura populacional Tese 2012.pdf: 1095441 bytes, checksum: 16e3cea3a6b286c226470a459e5720fb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T21:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taisa Manuela Bonfim Machado. Migração estrutura populacional Tese 2012.pdf: 1095441 bytes, checksum: 16e3cea3a6b286c226470a459e5720fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, BrasilA migração é o fator evolutivo capaz de dispersar a diversidade genética entre populações, inserindo novas características fenotípicas e genotípicas. A dinâmica matrimonial, juntamente como a estrutura da população são fatores que podem alterar a frequência destas características. Exemplo dessas características são as doenças genéticas, onde a frequência e distribuição destas auxilia na compreensão da influência de fatores evolutivos em uma população. No município de Monte Santo, localizado no interior da Bahia, foram encontradas doenças genéticas com elevada frequência, como mucopolissacaridose do tipo VI e fenilcetonúria. Existem evidências que algumas doenças mostram associação entre a raça e o risco de sua ocorrência. Dados moleculares mostraram que na Bahia a contribuição africana é de 47,2%, entretanto, dados baseados em classificação fenotípica apontam para o aumento da contribuição europeia com o afastamento do litoral. Para inferir a origem de algumas doenças genéticas em Monte Santo foram analisados marcadores informativos de ancestralidade autossômicos (AT3-I/D, APO, PV92 e SB19.3 genotipados por PCR; GC*1F e GC*1S por PCR/RFLP; e os marcadores FYnull, CKMM e LPL por PCR em tempo real) e marcadores uniparentais do mtDNA (sequenciamento da região HVS-I) e do cromossomo Y (marcador YAP por PCR; DYS 199, 92R7 e M207 por PCR/RFLP; e M60, PN2, PN3, M34, M89, M9 por sequenciamento). Assim, através da identificação da origem desses marcadores foi possível inferir a contribuição das populações que formaram a população de Monte Santo, e a origem de algumas das alterações gênicas responsáveis pelas doenças genéticas aqui estudadas (síndrome de Treacher Collins, hipotireoidismo congênito, fenilcetonúria, mucopolissacaridose tipo VI, surdez hereditária não sindrômica e osteogênese imperfeita). Os dados do cromossomo Y e dos autossômicos apontam para maior contribuição europeia, e os resultados dos marcadores mitocondriais para elevada contribuição africana e ameríndia. A elevada contribuição europeia tanto paterna quanto autossômica sugere origem europeia para as mutações c.35delG e R252W, responsáveis por aproximadamente 24% dos casos de surdez hereditária não sindrômica e por todos os casos de fenilcetonúria, respectivamente. A mucopolissacaridose do tipo VI tem como causa a mutação p.H178L, a presença desta alteração apenas em pacientes brasileiros, que compartilham o mesmo haplótipo intragênico sugere origem autóctone. Além de marcadores moleculares também foram analisados os tipos de casamentos (endogâmicos, exogâmicos e entre imigrantes) e sua frequência no município. Foi observada elevada frequência de casamentos endogâmicos e baixa taxa de migração, sugerindo crescimento populacional interno. Além disso, a maioria da população reside em povoados, cujo tamanho varia de 113 a 582 pessoas por povoado. Nesta cidade 80% da população tem renda mensal equivalente a meio salário mínimo, o que explica a baixa taxa de migração por ausência de atrativos econômicos. Avaliando os casamentos dentro das genealogias dos afetados é possível observar que a maioria deles é filho de pais consanguíneos. Estes resultados mostram que o elevado grau de endogamia e endocruzamento assim como possível efeito fundador e deriva genética estão associados ao aumento da frequência e manutenção das doenças genéticas neste município.Migration is the evolutionary factor able to disperse the genetic diversity among populations, inserting new phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The dynamic of marriage and population structure are factors that may maintain or eliminate these characteristics. Examples of these traits are genetic diseases, where the frequency of these helps in understanding the evolutionary factors influence in a population. In Monte Santo city, situated in county of Bahia, were found genetic diseases with high frequency such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI and phenylketonuria. It has been shown that some diseases have an important racial factor in determining risk of its occurrence. Molecular results show that in Bahia the African contribution is 47.2%. However, phenotypic classification data show an increase of European contribution with the distance from the coast. To infer the origin of some genetic disease in Monte Santo were analyzed autosomal ancestry informative markers (AT3-I/D, APO, PV92 and SB19.3 genotyped by PCR, GC*1F and GC*1S by PCR/RFLP and FYnull, CKMM and LPL genotyped by real time PCR) and uniparental markers of mtDNA (sequencing of the HVS-I region) and the Y chromosome (YAP marker by PCR; DYS199, 92R7 and M207 by PCR/RFLP, and M60, PN2, PN3, M34, M89, M9 by sequencing). Thus, by identifying the origin of these markers was possible to infer the contribution of the populations that formed Monte Santo, and the origin of some genetic mutations responsible for genetic diseases studied here (Treacher-Collins syndrome, congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, hereditary non-syndromic deafness and osteogenesis imperfecta). The Y chromosome and autosomal results indicate greater European contribution, and the results from mtDNA show high contribution of African and Amerindian contribution. The high European contribution both paternal and autosomal suggests European origin for the c.35delG and R252W mutations, responsible for approximately 24% of cases of hereditary non-syndromic deafness and all phenylketonuria cases, respectively. The mucopolysaccharidosis type VI is caused by p.H178L mutation, the presence of this mutation only in Brazilian patients, who share the same intragenic haplotype suggest an autochthonous origin. In addition to molecular markers were also analyzed the types of marriages (endogamic, exogamous and between immigrant) and how often they occur in the city. We observed a high frequency of endogamic marriages and low migration rates, suggesting internal population growth. The population of Monte Santo is characterized by division into villages, where the majority of the population, the number of inhabitants varies from 113 to 582 people per village. In this city 80% of the population has income equivalent to half the minimum wage, which reinforces the absence of compelling economic and low migration rate. Evaluating the marriages inside the genetic diseases pedigree families can be observed that most of those affected are children of consanguineous parents. These results suggest that the high degree of inbreeding as well as the occurrence of founder effect and genetic drift were associated with increased frequency and maintenance of genetic diseases in the city

Distribution of SDF1-3'A polymorphisms in three different ethnic groups from Brazil

Submitted by Martha Silveira Berbert ([email protected]) on 2011-03-29T20:48:16Z No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2011-03-29T20:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências. Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina. Department of Pediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento das Ciências. Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilA mutation described as a G-to-A transition has been reported in SDF-1 gene (SDF1-3'A), being prevalent in all ethnic groups, except in Africans. This mutation is associated with the onset of AIDS progression. Our aim was to identify the frequency of this allele in different groups from Brazil: Tiriyó and Waiampi Amerindian tribes (Asian ancestry); selected blood donors from Joinville (German descendents); and from Salvador (predominance of African and Portuguese mixture). SDF1-3'A was screened by PCR/RFLP with MspI enzyme. Our results showed a high allelic frequency in Tiriyó tribe (0.24) and Joinville population (0.21), and a frequency of 0.17 and 0.05 in the Salvador population and in the Waiampi tribe, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the allelic frequencies in the studied ethnic groups, except in the Waiampi. Due to the great genetic diversity among Brazilian population and the lack of studies on SDF1-3'A allele, our study of this allelic frequency in these different Brazilian ethnic groups could be important to identification of biomarker for therapeutic support in progression to AIDS and a molecular marker for analysis of evolutionary relationships among human populations

Types of marriages, population structure and genetic disease

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2013-11-13T17:58:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado TM Types of marriages....pdf: 327895 bytes, checksum: 00be59a3aada841466756fea690959a9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-13T17:58:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado TM Types of marriages....pdf: 327895 bytes, checksum: 00be59a3aada841466756fea690959a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Institute of Health Science. Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Institute of Health Science. Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Federal Institute of Education. Science and Technology of Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Federal University of Bahia Reconcavo. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Federal University of Bahia. School of Medicine of Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / State University of Bahia. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / Federal University of Bahia Reconcavo. Salvador, BA, Brasil.A high occurrence rate of consanguineous marriages may favour the onset and increased frequency of autosomal recessive diseases in a population. The population of Monte Santo, Bahia, Brazil, has a high frequency of rare genetic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, whose observed frequency in this population is 1:5000, while the incidence of this disease recorded in other regions of the world varies from 1:43,261 in Turkey to 1:1,505,160 in Switzerland. To verify the influence of consanguineous marriage on the increased frequency of observed genetic diseases in this population, the population structure and frequency of different types of marriage during different time periods were evaluated. A total of 9765 marriages were found in an analysis of parish marriage records from the city. Over three periods, 1860–1895, 1950–1961 and 1975–2010, the inbreeding rates were 37.1%, 13.2% and 4.2% respectively. Although there was a high rate of inbreeding, endogamic marriages were the dominant marriage type in all three periods. In the most recent period, there was an increase in the number of exogamous marriages and those among immigrants, but most of these occurred among individuals from cities that neighbour Monte Santo. The low rate of migration and high frequency of endogamic and consanguineous marriages show that growth of this population is predominantly internal and could explain the occurrence, and increase in frequency, of recessive genetic diseases in the city

Journal of Biosocial Science

p. 461–470A high occurrence rate of consanguineous marriages may favour the onset and increased frequency of autosomal recessive diseases in a population. The population of Monte Santo, Bahia, Brazil, has a high frequency of rare genetic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, whose observed frequency in this population is 1:5000, while the incidence of this disease recorded in other regions of the world varies from 1:43,261 in Turkey to 1:1,505,160 in Switzerland. To verify the influence of consanguineous marriage on the increased frequency of observed genetic diseases in this population, the population structure and frequency of different types of marriage during different time periods were evaluated. A total of 9765 marriages were found in an analysis of parish marriage records from the city. Over three periods, 1860–1895, 1950–1961 and 1975–2010, the inbreeding rates were 37.1%, 13.2% and 4.2% respectively. Although there was a high rate of inbreeding, endogamic marriages were the dominant marriage type in all three periods. In the most recent period, there was an increase in the number of exogamous marriages and those among immigrants, but most of these occurred among individuals from cities that neighbour Monte Santo. The low rate of migration and high frequency of endogamic and consanguineous marriages show that growth of this population is predominantly internal and could explain the occurrence, and increase in frequency, of recessive genetic diseases in the city