Integrated polymers (PVCi/PMATRIFE) microring resonators for low power tunable filters

International audienceIn this paper we present optical and thermo-optical characterization results of integrated filters based on micro-ring resonators fabricated with a couple of polymers ''PVCI/PMATRIFE''. Their high index contrast (Dn 0.15 at the wavelength of 1550 nm) allows to make small size waveguides with cross sections of 1.5 1.5 mm2. The study of the impact of different gaps on the extinction ratio and FWHM (full width at half maximum) of filters leads to a better design. First experiments of thermal tunability of the microring filter using a thermo-electric cooler (TEC) are also reported giving a 5 nm shift of the dropped wavelength for a temperature change of 40 K. The fabrication of gold electrodes on microrings is reported and the electrical power required for the tuning of the drop wavelength of 0.0055 nm/1 mW show that with an optimized electrode design the consumption will be low

Contribution à l'étude des procédés de réalisation de circuits intégrés optiques en matériaux polymères

At the laboratory, this thesis is coming after modeling works of integrated optical passive functions containing microring-resonators. To perform these functions, the works of this thesis consists in studying all the stages of polymer circuits processing. At the technology level, the objectives lie in obtaining monomode ridge guides with acceptable performances and with a size as small as possible in order to miniaturize filtering functions with materials and technologies available at the CCLO. In this context, blocking points were identified at the beginning, such as the insufficient properties of adherence between materials, technological and optical incompatibilities of various polymers, phenomena occurring in the process yielding excessive optical losses. After a state of the art on the polymers for optical waveguides, the manuscript presents specific works on the choice of materials and the evaluation of the amorphous polymer adherence on the substrates used, in addition to the quality and the reproducibility of the deposits and their plasma etching. The analysis of the defects occurring at the surface of films and ridges, as well as the solutions, which are found to eliminate them, are more particularly developed. The adaptation of the conditions of UV traditional photolithography is detailed to reach submicronic sizes of pattern. The analysis methods we undertake to discriminate the various factors of optical losses are discussed. Lastly, the achievements of monomode guides with methacrylic polymers as well as the first structures of filters and multiplexers based on integrated microring-resonators and having spectral intervals (1-3nm) are presented and analyzed.Au laboratoire, cette thèse fait suite à des modélisations sur des fonctions passives intégrées optiques à base de micro-résonateurs en anneaux. Pour les réaliser, une étude de toutes les étapes de réalisation de circuits en polymère a été effectuée. Les objectifs sont l'obtention de guides arêtes, ridge monomodes avec des performances acceptables et la miniaturisation de fonctions avec les matériaux et technologies envisageables au CCLO. Des points bloquants ont été identifiés au départ, tels que le manque d'adhérence entre matériaux, les incompatibilités technologiques et optiques entre polymères, les phénomènes liés au procédé occasionnant des pertes optiques excessives. Après un état de l'art sur les polymères pour guides d'ondes optiques, le manuscrit présente les travaux spécifiques sur le choix des matériaux et l'évaluation de l'adhérence de polymères amorphes sur les substrats envisagés, ainsi que la qualité et la reproductibilité des dépôts et leur gravure sèche par plasma. L'analyse de l'apparition de défauts de surface des films et " ridge " ainsi que les solutions trouvées pour les éliminer, sont plus particulièrement développés. L'adaptation de la photolithographie classique en UV proche est détaillée pour atteindre des tailles de motifs submicroniques. Les résultats des méthodes d'analyse entreprises pour discriminer les différents facteurs de pertes optiques en propagation sont discutés. Enfin, les réalisations de guides monomodes à base de polymères méthacryliques pour le coeur ainsi que les premières structures de filtres et multiplexeurs en micro-résonateurs intégrés en anneaux et à faible intervalle spectral libre (1-3nm) sont présentées et analysées

Contribution à l'étude des procédés de réalisation de circuits intégrés optiques en matériaux polymères

Au laboratoire, cette thèse fait suite à des modélisations sur des fonctions passives intégrées optiques à base de micro-résonateurs en anneaux. Pour les réaliser, une étude de toutes les étapes de réalisation de circuits en polymère a été effectuée. Les objectifs sont l'obtention de guides arêtes, ridge monomodes avec des performances acceptables et la miniaturisation de fonctions avec les matériaux et les technologies envisageables au CCLO. Des points bloquants ont été identifiés au départ, tels que le manque d'adhérence entre matériaux, les incompatibilités technologiques et optiques excessives. Après un état de l'art sur les polymères pour guides d'ondes optiques, le manuscrit présente les travaux spécifiques sur le choix des matériaux et l'évaluation de l'adhérence de polymères amorphes sur les substrats envisagés, ainsi que la qualité et la reproductibilité des dépôts et leur gravure sèche par plasma. L'analyse de l'apparition de défauts de surface des films et "ridge" ainsi que les solutions trouvées pour les éliminer, sont plus particulièrement développés. L'adaptation de la photolithographie classique en UV proche est détaillée pour atteindre des tailles de motifs submicroniques. Les résultats des méthodes d'analyse entreprises pour discriminer les différents facteurs de pertes optiques en propagation sont discutés. Enfin, les réalisations de guides monomodes à base de polymères méthacryliques pour le coeur ainsi que les premières structures de filtres et multiplexeurs en micro-résonateurs intégrés en anneaux et à faible intervalle spectral libre (1-3 nm) sont présentées et analysées.LANNION-ENSSAT (221132206) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cretaceomma libanensis RASNITSYN & MAALOUF & MAALOUF & AZAR 2022, sp. nov.

Cretaceomma libanensis Rasnitsyn & Azar, sp. nov. (Figs 9, 10) Type material. Holotype, specimen no 1922, Azar collection, well preserved female; from Mdeirij-Hammana amber outcrop; Mouhafazet Jabal Loubnan (Governorate Mount Lebanon), Caza (= District) Baabda, Central Lebanon; lower Barremian. Type material is deposited in the Natural History Museum of the Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Fanar, Lebanon. Holotype. Etymology. Specific name is after the country of origin. Diagnosis. Same as for the genus and head elongate with eyes small, claval segments all elongate, probasitarsus with row of long setae, and first petiolar segment three times longer than high. Locality and horizon. Mdeirij-Hammana outcrop (33°48′13″N, 35°43′45″E, elev. 1,340 m), Caza (= District) Baabda, Central Lebanon, lower Barremian. Description. Colour dark, integument with weak metallic shine. Head and most of mesosoma mainly with transverse sculpture (finely distantly costulate to use terms by Harris, 1979), shining between costulae, with propodeal dorsum smooth, shining, legs and gaster dull. Prominent vestiture on antennae, legs, wings and metasomal apex. Head some 1.5× as long as wide (Fig. 10A), eye some half as long as head, weakly convex, distant from head posterolateral end for about its length, not reaching dorsal head surface, with some 6×10 rows of ommatidia; ocelli not distinct; antennal attachments well above upper eye margin, less than their diameters apart; frons very high (possibly with clypeus which base not distinct). Antenna 14-segmented (Fig. 10B), with segment length rates (scape without radix) = 1: 0.77: 0.51: 0.51: 0.60: 0.60: 0.70: 0.77: 0.71: 0.70: 0.75: 0.73: 0.66: 0.77: 0.86, scape and pedicel some 1.5× as wide as funicular segments (except somewhat wide ultimate one) and some 0.7 as wide as claval segments, all segments longer than wide including claval ones; claval segments with trichoid sensilla and thicker, bent, semiprocumbent ones. Mouthparts not visible. Mesosoma (Fig. 10C) with pronotum visible from above as narrow strip, apparently reaching wing bases, with lateral lobes longitudinally costulate, with ventral angles short,wide.Propleura not forming neck,prosternum external, both smooth. Mesonotum convex, smooth with sparse transverse costulae, lacking notauli and apparently parapsids; mesoscutellum subquadrate, with two basal foveae, metanotum half as long as mesoscutellum, entire, apparently smooth; metapostnotum weakly differentiated at propodeal base, propodeum transversely costate, evenly bent toward metasomal base. Mesopleura convex laterally, with longitudinal impression through its entire length, apparently smooth. Forewing (Fig. 10D) stalked, with only tubular R reaching basal wing quarter only, with membrane surface not distinctly modified, densely setose except for stalk, non-stalk margin entirely setose, with no single individualized seta, with distal and posterior setae very long and deeply rooted in membrane except those less long and short rooted in basal half of hind margin, with fore margin bearing both long and short setation, short setae being basal to long ones. Hind wing short, with stalk only (no membrane), with details obscured by attached tiny segmented object of obscure nature. Legs elongate (femora slightly inflated), ordinary except that fore coxa transverse costate; femora (dorsal), tibiae and tarsi setose, each tibia with one spur, fore spur straight, bent at distal third, bifid (Fig. 10E); all tarsomeres much longer than wide, basitarsi barely or not at all as long as two next segments combined, fore basitarsus concave over all ventral surface, with row of 12 or so long setae, claw small, simple, arolium long, narrow; fore tarsomere length ratio = 1: 0.50: 0.51: 0.51: 0.63, mid one = 1: 0.61: 0.55: 0.54: 0.63. Metasoma with narrow petiolar segments (Fig. 10F), first 2.9× as long as high, slightly narrowing to both ends, second 1.5× as long as high, slightly narrowing anterior, 0.4× as long as first, attaching to gaster from below; gaster (Fig. 10G) with first tergum slightly longer than petiolar segments combined, taking half gaster length, twice as long as second one, following terga short externally. Ovipositor scarcely visible externally, cerci with long setae. Measurements. Body length 0.69 mm, head length 0.14 mm, antenna length 0.47 mm, mesosoma length 0.24 mm, forewing length, 0.53 mm, width, 0.18 mm, petiolar segments 1, 2, 0.16 mm and 0.10 mm, respectively. Remarks. New species differs from the only congener Cretaceomma turolensis (Ortega-Blanco et al., 2011a) in body longer (0.7 vs. 0.5 mm) and more elongate, with head elongate (vs. semiglobose) and eyes small (vs. taking most of head sides), claval segments all elongate (vs. quadrate to transverse), probasitarsus with row of long (vs. short) setae, and first petiolar segment three times (vs. scarcely twice) longer than high.Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., MAALOUF, MOUNIR, MAALOUF, RAMY & AZAR, DANY, 2022, New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, pp. 120-136 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on page 130, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/653041

Leptoserphites iriae RASNITSYN & MAALOUF & MAALOUF & AZAR 2022, sp. nov.

Leptoserphites iriae Rasnitsyn & Azar, sp. nov. (Figs 6–8) Type material. Holotype, female, specimen no QBC- 16A (Fig. 6A–C), Maalouf collection, complete insect partially distorted postmortem (possibly diagenetically due to plastical deformation of enclosing amber under uneven pressure of deposits); paratypes, QBC-16B (Fig. 6D) and QBC-16C (Fig. 6E, F), Maalouf collection, synincluded with holotype in the same piece of amber and still more suffered from deformation (QBC-16B is particularly poor and included mainly being synincluded and having similar wing venation). All type material is from Qanat Bakish (Baskinta) amber outcrop, Mouhafazet Jabal Loubnan (Governorate Mount Lebanon), Caza (= District) El-Maten, Central Lebanon; lower Barremian. Type material is deposited in the Natural History Museum of the Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Fanar, Lebanon. Etymology. Specific name is after Iria Maalouf Alonso, daughter of one of us (RM). Diagnosis. Differs from the type species (L. pabloi sp. nov.) in having antenna 11-segmented with no clear traces of fusion of two basal flagellomeres into one, flagellomeres longer, propodeum transridged, pterostigma wider, 2r-rs shorter, no tubular structures present but R and pterostigma, hind wing with no r-m, petiolar segments longer. Locality and horizon. Baskinta, in the locality of Qanat Bakish (33°57′3″N, 35°47′24″E, elev. 1,488 m), Caza (= District) El-Maten, Mouhafazet (= Governorate) Mount Lebanon, in Central Lebanon; lower Barremian. Description. (Based on holotype otherwise stated) Female. Color dark fuscous, legs paler. Body with no surface sculpture and prominent vestiture discernible. Head elongate as preserved (Figs 7A, 8A, both on paratype QBC-16C) (possibly due to deformation), with eyes small, not much convex, placed before middle of head sides (more rostrally). Antenna 11-segmented [Figs 8A (paratype QBC-16C), 8D (holotype)], with scape long and wide, about as long as next three or four antennomeres combined, pedicel shorter than some apical segments, flagellum wide, somewhat flattened, slightly narrowing toward base, most segments longer than wide, basal flagellomere slightly longer than next one. Distinct subequal mandibles, right with three teeth and left with two ones. Of maxillary (Fig. 8B) and labial palps (Fig. 8C), only their elongate apical segments visible. Mesosoma with dorsal pronotal part apparently short, mesoscutellum in side view with hind part somewhat elevated,metascutum forming high step above wide trough of metapostnotum, propodeum short, gently arching toward metasomal base in side view, transridged. Forewing (Fig. 8E) with C, R behind pterostigma, RS before and behind 2r-rs (except for short section forming “ T ” pattern together with 2r-rs), M+Cu and M lost as pigmented veins or nearly so; R and pterostigma tubular; RS &M, 2r-rs and 1-Cu nebulous; pterostigma high (distinctly less than twice as long as wide), together with 2r-rs enclosed in lightly pigmented area; 2r-rs half as long as pterostigma wide; all membrane covered with short setae (margin included). Hind wing (Fig. 8F) with only R pigmented (tubular), R apex with three hamuli, hind margin with fringe of long setae. Legs ordinary except that fore tibial spur (calcar) straight except bent subapical with bifid apex (Fig. 8G), and fore basitarsus excised almost for all its length and with single row of setae along excision; tibial spurs 1: 1: 2; tibiae and tarsomeres 1–4 with stiff apical setae, mid and hind tibiae also with thick setae ventrally in distal half or so, basitarsi shorter than or (fore basitarsus) subequal to tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 3–4 almost equal in length, elongate, claw simple, arolium about as long as claw. Metasoma with petiolar segments very long, with no rough sculpture apparent, first segment slightly longer (in holotype) or shorter (in QBC-16C) than second [Figs 7B, 8I (in QBC-16C), 8H (holotype)], petiolar attachment to gaster frontal. Ovipositor straight, partially external (longest visible in QBC-16C, Fig. 8I). Measurements. Holotype: body length, 1.4 mm, head length, 0.30 mm, antenna length, 0.51 mm, mesosoma length, 0.45 mm, forewing length, 0.80 mm, width, 0.36 mm, first petiolar segment length 0.12 mm, second petiolar segment length 0.14 mm, gaster length (ovipositor excluded) 0.37 mm; paratype QBC-16C: body length, 1.4 mm, head length 0.30 mm, antenna length, 0.60 mm, mesosoma length, 0.45 mm, forewing length, 0.65 mm, width, 0.30 mm, first petiolar segment length 0.15 mm, second petiolar segment length 0.10 mm, gaster length (ovipositor excluded) 0.37 mm; paratype QBC- 1B: body length, 1.4 mm, antenna (deformed) length 0.49 mm, forewing length 0.80 mm, width 0.33mm. Remarks. Holotype and two paratypes are incompletely preserved and so with many features obscure. Yet they are considered as conspecific based on their burial in one and the same piece of amber, their similarity in features less affected with postmortem deformation (wing venation, to an extent also antenna and legs, and, to our wonder, most measurements) and apparent absence of counter-evidence of their conspecifity.Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., MAALOUF, MOUNIR, MAALOUF, RAMY & AZAR, DANY, 2022, New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, pp. 120-136 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 126-128, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/653041

Microserphites libanensis RASNITSYN & MAALOUF & MAALOUF & AZAR 2022, sp. nov.

Microserphites libanensis Rasnitsyn & Azar, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Type material. Holotype, specimen no 1819V, Azar collection; from Mdeirij-Hammana amber outcrop; Mouhafazet Jabal Loubnan (Governorate Mount Lebanon), Caza (= District) Baabda, Central Lebanon; lower Barremian. Type material is deposited in the Natural History Museum of the Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Fanar, Lebanon. Etymology. The specific name is derived from Lebanon in Greek, Λίβανος = Libanos. Diagnosis. New species differs from both its congeners in further reduced venation (all veins other than R nebulous or lost, pterostigma reduced up to a colored strip, hind wing with only R preserved and with membrane almost lost basally, and with R not reaching wing midlength) as well as in long, helmet-like head with flat eyes, in smaller size (forewing length under 0.5 mm), and from M. soplaensis also in flagellum much less widened apically. Locality and horizon. Mdeirij-Hammana outcrop (33°48′13″N, 35°43′45″E, elev. 1,340 m), Caza (= District) Baabda, Central Lebanon, lower Barremian. Description. Head, meso- and metasoma brownish, antennae and legs pale, petiole pale brown. Integuments mainly smooth, mesonotum between notauli rugose, propodeum carinate. Vestiture not apparent except wings with abundant longer marginal and shorter surface setae. Head dorsally long trapezoid with straight sides and deeply concave hind margin (Fig. 2A), eyes almost perfectly flat, taking most part of head sides, ocelli large, in almost equilateral triangle, with lateral ocelli close to but not touching eyes, occipital carina not apparent. Antenna 9-segmented (Fig. 2A, B), scape hardly visible, pedicel longer than wide, wider that flagellomeres except apical ones, flagellum gradually widening apicad, with flagellomeres changing from distinctly transverse basal ones to distinctly elongate apical one. Mesosoma with mesonotum strongly convex, pronotum forming wide belt on its fore declivity, posterolaterally not reaching wing base (tegula not identifiable), mesonotum with notauli very wide, not reaching rather long and transcarinate prescutellar fossa, mesoscutellum long with distinct posterior declivity, mesopleuron with complete oblique suture, metanotum following mesoscutellar declivity, with short medial upward tooth, propodeum short, similarly declivitous, with several short medial upward teeth (three, one apicad and two in distal third) and with oblique lateral carina. Legs weak, with coxae small, trochantelli developed, femora and tibiae narrow, femora not much longer than tibiae, tarsi not much longer than tibiae, tarsal segments all elongate, basitarsi much shorter than respective 3 middle tarsal segments but clearly longer than each of them, segment 4 scarcely shorter than segment 3, tibial spurs 1: 1: 2; claw simple, arolium present. Fore wing short, wide, with narrow base embracing all venation (nebulous M+Cu, basal vein [= RS&M] and Cu) except the only tubular vein R and weakly colored strip-like rudiment of pterostigma not reaching basal 0.4 of wing length; pre-radial (costal) membrane not visible. Hind wing with the only vein R present (Figs 1C, 2C), bearing 2 hamuli apical and hardly reaching wing midlength, with wing membrane very narrow before 0.4 wing length and parallel-sided with rounded apex further apical. Metasoma with petiolar segments tubular, of subequal height, first one some twice as long as high, second subquadrate; gaster with petiolar attachment ventral (not frontal), gastral terga 2–3 subequal in length and distinctly shorter than tergum 1; form of metasomal apex and sex unknown. Measurements. Body length 0.65 mm, fore wing 0.47 mm, hind wing 0.33 mm. Remarks. The new species is ascribed to Microserphites based on pronotum not reaching wing base and much reduced wing venation (pterostigma disintegrated, no tubular veins but R, etc.). It is described as new because of deep differences in wing venation and head form (cf. Diagnosis). Worth mentioning is that this oldest member of the genus is also the most modified venationally.Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., MAALOUF, MOUNIR, MAALOUF, RAMY & AZAR, DANY, 2022, New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, pp. 120-136 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 121-123, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/653041

Leptoserphites pabloi RASNITSYN & MAALOUF & MAALOUF & AZAR 2022, gen. nov.

Leptoserphites pabloi Rasnitsyn & Azar, gen. nov. (Figs 3–5) Type material. Holotype, female, specimen no QBC-9A (complete insect suffered from sidewise compression and partially enclosed in a bubble obscuring some body parts, particularly on head and mesosoma), Maalouf collection; from Qanat Bakish (Baskinta) amber outcrop, Mouhafazet Jabal Loubnan (Governorate Mount Lebanon), Caza (= District) El-Maten, Central Lebanon; lower Barremian. Type material is deposited in the Natural History Museum of the Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Fanar, Lebanon. Etymology. Specific name is after Pablo Maalouf Alonso, son of one of us (RM), discoverer of the amber site. Diagnosis. Differs from the only congener in having antenna either distinctly 12-segmented or with clear traces of two basal flagellomeres fused secondarily into one, flagellomeres shorter, propodeum smooth, pterostigma narrower, 2r-rs longer, tubular (very dark) dot at M+Cu apex developed, hind wing r-m present, long, petiolar segments shorter. Locality and horizon. Baskinta, in the locality of Qanat Bakish (33°57′3″N, 35°47′24″E, elev. 1,488 m), Caza (= District) El-Maten, Mouhafazet (= Governorate) Mount Lebanon, in Central Lebanon; lower Barremian. Description. Female. Colour dark fuscous as preserved, metasoma and legs slightly paler. Body with no surface sculpture and prominent vestiture discernible. Head elongate as preserved (possibly in part due to deformation), with eyes small, not much convex, placed near middle of head sides (Figs 4A, 5B). Antenna 12- segmented (Fig. 5A), as preserved with scape long and wide, pedicel longer than any flagellar segment, flagellum wide, slightly narrowing toward base and apex, all segments wider than long except longest apical one, basal flagellomeres particularly short (width of segments could be exaggerated by depression due to diagenetic deformation, unless antennae are naturally flattened). Distinct large subequal mandibles, right with three strong and sharp teeth (visible in an aspect difficult to illustrate) and left with two strong and sharp ones. Maxillary palpi at least 4-segmented; labial palpi apparently 3-segmented, all segments thin. Mesosoma with dorsal surface deformed and poorly visible, dorsal pronotal part apparently moderately long (longer than in other Serphitidae), in side view metascutum forming high step above wide trough of metapostnotum, propodeum short, smoothly arching toward metasomal base. Forewing (Figs 4B, 5C) with C, R behind pterostigma, RS before and behind 2r-rs (except for short section forming T together with 2r-rs) and M lost as pigmented veins or nearly so; R, pterostigma and dot at junction of M+Cu and RS&M tubular; RS&M, M+Cu and 1-Cu nebulous; pterostigma low (twice as long as wide); 2r-rs as long as pterostigma wide, together with pterostigma enclosed in lightly pigmented area; all membrane covered with short setae (margin included). Hind wing (Figs 4B, 5D) with only R and r-m pigmented (tubular), R apex with three hamuli, r-m reaching wing hind margin (posterior wing area lost); membrane setose (much as in forewing), hind margin with fringe of long setae. Legs ordinary except that fore tibial spur (calcar) massive, strongly bent subapically and bifid, and fore basitarsus excised almost for all its length and with single row of setae along excision (so the antenna cleaning apparatus more characteristic of Mymarommatoidea than of Serphitidae); tibial spurs 1: 1?: 1?; basitarsus shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined, tarsomeres 3–4 almost equal in length, elongate, claw simple, arolium about as long as claw. Metasoma with petiolar segments elongate, with no rough sculpture apparent, first segment slightly longer and narrower than second, petiolar attachment to gaster frontal, metasomal terga ratio as preserved 1: 0.95: 1.4: 1.0: 0.9: 0.6 (gaster possibly extended longitudinally, secondarily). Ovipositor extruded (Figs 4D, 5E), stylets broken basally and bent down but not torn off, 1.5× as long as petiolar segments combined, very narrow supposed sheaths 0.25× as long as stylets, moderately wide, thin, convex transversally. Measurements. Length of body (as preserved, up to apex of metasomal tergum 7) 1.5 mm, head 0.28 mm, mesosoma 0.49 mm, forewing 0.80 mm, metasoma 0.78 mm, petiole 1 0.13 mm, petiole 2 0.10 mm.Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., MAALOUF, MOUNIR, MAALOUF, RAMY & AZAR, DANY, 2022, New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, pp. 120-136 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 124-126, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/653041

Microserphites Kozlov & Rasnitsyn 1979

Genus Microserphites Kozlov & Rasnitsyn, 1979 Type species. Microserphites parvulus Kozlov & Rasnitsyn, 1979; by original designation and monotypy. Other species. Microserphites soplaensis Ortega- Blanco et al., 2011; and Microserphites libanensis Rasnitsyn & Azar, sp. nov.Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., MAALOUF, MOUNIR, MAALOUF, RAMY & AZAR, DANY, 2022, New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, pp. 120-136 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on page 121, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/653041

Cretaceomma RASNITSYN & MAALOUF & MAALOUF & AZAR 2022, gen. nov.

Genus Cretaceomma Rasnitsyn & Azar gen. nov. Type species. Cretaceomma libanensis sp. nov.; by present designation. Other species. Galloromma turolensis Ortega et al., 2011a, transferred herein to Cretaceomma gen. nov. Etymology. The genus name combines parts of Cretaceous and Galloromma. Diagnosis. Female antenna 14-segmented with 7- segmented funicle and 5-segmented loose (movably interconnected) clava. Pronotum reaching wing base or nearly so. Remarks. New genus differs from the type genus of the family Galloromma Schlüter, 1978 in more polymerous antenna (13-segmented with 4-segmented club in Galloromma) and pronotum apparently reaching wing bases (shortened posterolateral and far not reaching wing bases in Galloromma). Galloromma turolensis Ortega et al., 2011 from the Albian San Just amber in Spain is similar to the type species in above characters and that is why it is transferred to the new genus.Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., MAALOUF, MOUNIR, MAALOUF, RAMY & AZAR, DANY, 2022, New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, pp. 120-136 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 128-129, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/653041

Leptoserphites Rasnitsyn & Azar 2022, gen. nov.

Genus Leptoserphites Rasnitsyn & Azar, gen. nov. Type species. Leptoserphites pabloi sp. nov.; by present designation. Other species. Leptoserphites iriae sp. nov. Etymology. The genus name is from Greek λεπτός = leptos means thin + the genus name Serphites. Diagnosis. Antenna 11–12-segmented, with no club defined. Body comparatively narrow, with mesosoma twice as long as high, forewing with only R, 2r-rs and pterostigma tubular, 2r-rs at least half as long as pterostigma high, no R and RS present as nebulous vein distal of pterostigma and 2r-rs, respectively. Remarks. The new genus is attributed to Serphitidae and particularly to Supraserphitinae based on antenna 11–12-segmented (vs. 14-segmented in Archaeoserphitidae and less than 11-segmented in Serphitinae and Microserphitinae). It differs from the type and only supraserphitine genus Supraserphites Rasnitsyn & Öhm-Kühnle, 2019 in having stature narrower, basal flagellomere smallest in 12-segmented antenna (putatively fused with the next one in 11-segmented ones), forewing with RS&M nebulose (vs. tubular) and R and RS lost as colored veins distal of pterostigma and 2r-rs (vs. tubular or nebulous).Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., MAALOUF, MOUNIR, MAALOUF, RAMY & AZAR, DANY, 2022, New Serphitidae and Gallorommatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Microprocta) in the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber, pp. 120-136 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on pages 123-124, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/653041